【TPO每日阅读小组】佐左927 作业贴

佐左927UID: 3229248

1楼 -----go home or stand up!!!

总结贴：考试时间4月14，剩余准备时间35天。

3.9  第一次按照时间规定在60分钟内做完3篇阅读，感觉很抓狂，做完看了分数，呃，真可谓血洒战场啊。先去吃饭，下午来总结。

3.12 tpo软件出了问题，9号做的阅读又要重新做一遍了。

3.13 还有整整30天，一战就要来临了，托福君，我和你拼了！！！明天必须做题套阅读！

3.16 TPO23，分析完毕，分析看的时候感觉都不是很难，主要还是做题时候的心态啊！不能大意马虎，要hold住！

3.20 TPO22，分析阅读是一件很耗时的事情，但是这个时间值得花！告诉自己，要坚持！

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tpo22-3
The Allende Meteorite 3/14  (8/12/14)

8. The word "pristine" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. Pure
C. ordinary (错误选项)


12. According to paragraph 6, what is the significance of the similarity in composition between chondrites and the Sun?
A.it indicates what the matter from which planets were formed was probably like.   
        
D: it suggests that most meteorites may contain large quantities of volatile elements.                                                                                             
原文：      
they are truly lumps of nebular matter, probably similar in composition to the matter from which planets were assembled.


14.Studies of the Allende meteorite provided information about the composition of chondritic meteorites and their possible origin.

Answer Choices
A. When Allende entered Earth's atmosphere, it broke into thousands of pieces called chondrites because they look like glassy, black seeds.

B. The mineral content of chondrules suggests that they were probably formed in isolated regions of the nebula that remained much hotter than the rest.

C. Chondrules are tiny, millimeter-sized drops of silicate materials that probably formed when lumps of nebular dust were fused at extremely high temperatures and then quickly cooled.

D. Irregularly shaped inclusions in Allende are composed of minerals that are resistant to melting and are believed to be the earlest minerals to have condensed out of the nebula.

E. The matrix that holds the chondrules and inclusions together in Allende consists mainly of grains of nebular dust that were trapped inside the meteor before they could be melted.

F. Except for being depleted in volatile elements, chondritic meteorites are probably very similar in composition to the matter from which planets were assembled.

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TPO22 -2
The Birth Of Photography   6/14(1/4/5/6/8/13)

不要活好了，做完题看了看文章，这一篇是这套题里最简单的一篇，却让我做的惨不忍睹！
上分析！！！

1. What can be inferred from paragraphs 1 and 2 about the effect of photography on nineteenth-century painting?
C. Painters who were concerned with realistic or naturalistic representation were particularly influenced by photography.
D.  artists used the long-awaited invention of photography in just the ways they had expected to.(选错项)
原文：
The realistic and naturalistic painters of the mid- and late-nineteenth century were all intently（专心致志的）
aware of photography—as a thing to use, to learn from, and react to.




4. According to paragraphs 2 and 3 which of the following did the daguerreotype and the calotype have in common?
C. They produced a permanent image
A. They were equally useful for artists.（选错项）


5. The word "authenticity" in the passage is closest in meaning to
C.Genuineness
B.  practicality（选错项）


6.  What point does the author make in paragraph 6?
B. Photography, unlike painting, was a type of portraiture that even ordinary people could afford.
A. Paintings became less expensive because of competition with photography.（选错项）
原文：Portraiture（肖像画）, once a luxury for the privileged few, was suddenly well within the reach of many more people.


8.  Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
B.  Photography was not considered a true art because people could use it to create many images cheaply.
D.  Photography not only spread quickly but  also was a cheap art form and so became true successor of fine arts rather than its poor relation.（意思完全相反了！！！）



13.  Although his process produced permanent images, each was unique and no reproduction of the picture was possible.

What was lacking was a way of giving such images permanent form. This was finally achieved by Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), who perfected a way of fixing them on a silvered copper plate. His discovery, the "daguerreotype," was announced in 1839.■

A second and very different process was patented by the British inventor William Henry Talbot (1800-1877) in 1841.■ Talbot's "calotype" was the first negative-to-positive process and the direct ancestor of the modern photograph. The calotype was revolutionary in its use of chemically treated paper in which areas hit by light became dark in tone, producing a negative image.■ This "negative," as Talbot called it, could then be used to print multiple positive images on another piece of treated paper.■

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3.17 tpo22   共42题 错15题

第一篇 Spartina  4/14   （7/8/12/14）

7. Paragraph 4 suggests that where Spanina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually
A. create conditions in which it can no longer survive
原文：Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment, changing the substrate elevation,
and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation,
brackish-water species.

8. According to paragraph 4, in its natural habitats, Spanina helps estuaries by
A. controlling marshland decline
原文： Along the east coast Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration

12. According to paragraph 6, each of the following methods has been used in attempts to control Spanina EXCEPT
D. introducing predatory insects (has begun to determine ,but it's effect considered years away)
原文：Work has begun to determine the feasibility（可行性） of using insects as biological controls,
but effective biological controls are considered years away.

14.Spanina alrerniflora, or cordgrass, is the dominant native species in salt marshes along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States.
Click on 3 answers.
A.   Spartina is very well adapted to conditions in salt marshes, where it plays a valuable role in stabilizing them and making them highly productive marine habitats.

B.   Spartina expands by growing root systems that float on the water’s surface and descend underground, where it finds the nutrients that it needs to germinate.

C.   As a result of its spread in Washington State over the past hundred years. Spartina has now become a threat to native oysters by releasing sediments that contain sulfides into the waters.

D.   The dead leaves of Spartina become food for a wide variety of marine organisms.

E   Outside its native regions, Spartina can pose serious problems by turning mudflats into high marshes that are inhospitable to many native fish and birds.

F.   Spartina has physiological adaptations that allow it to grow in environments where other plants cannot, making  it  a very strong competitor that is difficult to control once it is established.

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tpo23-3
Rock Art of the Australia Aborigines   4/14   (11/12/13/14)

11. According to paragraph 5, Lesley Maynard made which of the following suggestions about Australian rock art?
D. The geometric style of Australian rock art was replaced by increasingly complex figurative styles.
原文：suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art, in which a geometric style gave way
to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles
that,

12. In paragraph 5, the author indicates that twentieth century art has shown that naturalism does not necessarily
    follow abstraction in some kind of predetermined sequence in order to
D. indicate that twentieth century art is more advanced than ancient rock art
原文： And has not twentieth-century art shown that naturalism does not necessarily follow abstraction in some kind of predetermine（预先决定v.） sequence?

13.While a great deal of information exists, the answers to these questions are not yet definitive.

Third, is it possible to interpret(解释) accurately the subject matter of ancient rock art, bring to bear all available
archaeological techniques and the knowledge of present-day Aboriginal informants?■
Paragraph 3: The age of Australia’s rock art is constantly being revised, and earlier datings have been proposed as the result of new discoveries. ■Currently, reliable scientific evidence dates the earliest creation of art on rock surfaces in Australia to somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago. ■This in itself is an almost incomprehensible span of generations, and one that makes Australia’s rock art the oldest continuous art tradition in the world.■

14. Interest in the rock art of the original inhabitants of Australia has grown over the last two centuries.
A.   Late nineteenth century studies of Aboriginal rock art railed（抱怨） to recognize that a variety of styles existed.（没提）
B.   The extreme age of the earliest Aboriginal rock art has been established but the interpretation of rock art images is still debated.
C.   A sequence from geometric to more representative art fits many sites but does not necessarily indicate a progression from simple to complex meaning.
D.   In determining the way in which Australian rock art was organized, archaeologists have made little distinction between geometric and figurative elements.
E.   Older examples of rock art consist of simple, repeated geometric patterns while later rock art includes figures and animals.
F.   Aboriginal informants were able to explain the meanings of ancient rock art symbols.

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第二篇：
   Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture 6/14 惨败！！！
2. Which is the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
   B. Because the Dutch were able to import inexpensive grain, they had money available to create a
   demand for other food products and consumer goods.
  
原文：Importing the grain, which would have been expensive 原本应该很贵and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves,kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.
7. Select the TWO answer choices that, according to paragraph 4, indicate two methods people used to increase the productivity of their land. To receive credit you must select TWO answers
A.   They planted different crops in different sections of the farm each year.
B.   They used improved irrigation methods to increase the yield of crops.（没提）
C.   They increased the use of fertilizers to supply more nutrients to plants.
D.   They used new horticultural practices to produce different varieties of plants in the same section of the farm.（不对，rotation）
8. The word “they” in the passage refers to
A.   Merchants
原文： The richest merchants in Amsterdam contributed money to reclaim a good 7,100 hectares（公顷） of land. Forty-three windmills（风车）powered the drainage（排水系统） pumps（泵/抽送） so that they were able to lease（租赁）the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612, 9.According to paragraph 5, which of the following was an important reason why land-reclamation projects in the first half of the seventeenth century proceeded rapidly?
B. Merchants invested large amounts of money in reclamation.
原文： The richest merchants in Amsterdam contributed money to reclaim a good 7,100 hectares（公顷） of land.
  13.Some villages specialized in growing cabbages and carrots; others grew onions, mustard, and coriander; and still others produced fruit and cultivated trees in nurseries(托儿所).
In addition to dairy farming and cultivating industrial crops, a third sector of the Dutch economy reflected the way in which agriculture was being modernized-horticulture. ■In the sixteenth century, fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens belonging to wealthy people. ■This changed in the early part of the seventeenth century when horticulture became accepted as an agricultural sector. ■Whole villages began to cultivate fruit and vegetables. ■The produce was then transported by water to markets in the cities, where the consumption of fruit and vegetables
was no longer restricted to the wealthy.
   14. Agriculture formed one of the primary sectors of the economy in seventeenth-century Netherlands. A.  The Baltic region produced large quantities of grain for export to other regions, including the Netherlands.（不是主要原因？）
   B.  The richest people grew enough fruits and vegetables to supply the entire country with fresh produce.（不只是夫人种水果）
   C.  An agricultural crisis that began in Europe did not affect Dutch land-reclamation projects.（影响了）
   D.  Specialization in dairy farming, industrial crops, and horticulture allowed the Dutch to be more productive than some other regions in Europe.
   E.  Land reclamation and improvement allowed the Dutch to meet demands for their agricultural products.
   F.  Because the Dutch had specialized their agricultural output they were less       susceptible to the crisis that Europe experienced from the beginning of the century.

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3.15 做的TPO23  11/42

第一篇：1/14

14. Cities create climatic conditions of their own through their physical structure and urban activities.
Answer Choices
A.   The amount of heat produced in a city will be reduced when cities use the heat from cars to warm homes.(没有提)
B.   The built-up landscape of the city readily becomes a heat island, with greater water runoff and special climatic
     conditions such as low relative humidity and increased air turbulence.
C.   The materials from which cities are built and the effects of pollution domes help make urban areas warmer than rural areas.
D.   Cities tend to be warmer than their surrounding areas, in part because they produce heat by burning fuel for heating,
     powering vehicles, and industrial production.
E.   In most cities, the heating that results from solar radiation is intensified by carbon dioxide, a gas that is present at
     very high concentrations in cities’ atmospheres.（没有提carbon dioxide）
F.   During periods without rainfall, the air in cities heats up and causes winds to slow down, with the result that
     pollutants are not dispersed.(风和下雨没有关系，是高楼的作用。)

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第三篇：moving to pueblos

8. Why does the author state that "Growing food at these elevations is always
       difficult because of the short growing season"?(其他没提到)
B. To suggest that any worsening of conditions would have significant consequences

14. In the thirteenth century, the people in the Mesa Verde area went from living
in scattered independent households to living in large pueblos.

Answer Choices

A   Because the thirteenth-century inhabitants of the Mesa Verde area did not have the cultural
    expectations of today's city dwellers, they easily adapted to communal life.

B   Even though living in pueblos had disadvantages, the population of the area had grown
   so large that there may have been no other arrangement that would have met its needs.   (这个选项为什么错了啊？)

C   From the eleventh century onward(向前), farmers began to increase food production on existing
    farmland and started bringing more land under cultivation.

D   A development that contributed to increasing population densities was a cooling climate that
    led many people to leave the coldest areas and crowd into climatically more favorable areas.

E   The primary reason for moving to pueblos was the social benefits associated with communal life.

F   People were brought together by the need to produce food cooperatively, as the use of food
    surpluses in one place to relieve shortages in another ended due to a change in climate.

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第二篇：breathing during the sleep

4.According to paragraph 3, which of the following may occur just before NREM sleep begins?细节题
A. The automatic, metabolic system may increase its dependence on air exchanges.
B. Breathing can stop for a short time as a person falls asleep.
C. An increase in the oxygen level in the blood can occur as sleep becomes fully obtained.
D. The level of carbon dioxide in the blood may drop suddenly.
原文： First, there may be a brief cessation（停止，中断） or reduction of breathing
when falling asleep as the sleeper waxes and wanes between sleep and wakefulness and
their differing control mechanisms.


8.It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that a very mild irritation during sleep will likely
cause the sleeping person to
D. stop breathing temporarily while still sleeping
原文： Finally, the coughing reflex（咳嗽反射） in reaction to irritants（刺激物）
in the airway produces not a cough during sleep but a cessation of breathing.

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3.14 TPO 24   41题 错4题


1.Lake Water 全对，不容易啊，等下分析一下为什么做对了，有几个都是蒙的。

2.Breathing During Sleep 错2个，（4/8）


3.Moving into Pueblos 错2个，（8/14）

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1# 佐左927

3.13 还有整整30天，一战就要来临了，托福君，我和你拼了！！！明天必须做题套阅读！

佐左927UID: 3229248

TPO8 (3)
13题 错3个（2/8/10）

2.细节理解题
2. What does the discussion in paragraph 1 of runoff channels in the southern highlands suggest about Mars?
○The atmosphere of Mars was once thinner than it is today.
○Large amounts of rain once fell on parts of Mars.
○The river systems of Mars were once more extensive than Earth’s.
○The rivers of Mars began to dry up about 4 billion years ago.
正确选项：B
错误选项：C
错误原因：They bear a strong resemblance to river systems on Earth, and geologists think that they are dried-up beds of long-gone rivers that once carried rainfall on Mars from the mountains down into the valleys.
Resemblance 相似之处，把这个词理解成了assemble 集合，所以直接导致理解错误。





8.细节题
8. According to paragraph 3, images of Mars’ surface have been interpreted as support for the idea that
○the polar regions of Mars were once more extensive than they are now
○a large part of the northern lowlands may once have been under water
○deltas were once a common feature of the Martian landscape
○the shape of the Hellas Basin has changed considerably over time
正确选项：B
错误选项：C
错误原因：定位错误，what mission specialists think may be a delta―a fan-shaped network of channels and sediments where a river once flowed into a larger body of water, in this case a lake filling a crater in the southern highlands.

正确定位A computer-generated view of the Martian north polar region shows the extent of what may have been an ancient ocean covering much of the northern lowlands.
明明上面那一句讲得还是和下面要写火星上以前有很多水覆盖在delta的这个地区，也就是南方的高地区，然后下一句将电脑成像显示火星的北部低地很久以前是海洋。





10.文章理解题
10. According to paragraph 4, what do the 2003 Global Surveyor data suggest About Mars?
○Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.
○The climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.
○Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars’ surface for long periods of time.
○The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold, dry weather.
正确选项：B
错误选项：C
错误原因：定位原文
Furthermore, Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers―layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen―that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans.

佐左927UID: 3229248

TPO 8 第二篇 extinction of the dinosaurs

由于软件出现问题，这是做完第二遍的结果：14题 错3个  （7/10/14）

7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic era.
○Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.
○Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been removed from the layers of rock that surrounded them.
○Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic era.


原文：
Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic).

正确选项：A
错误选修：C
错误原因：句子结构没有分析对，应该从many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves/ from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic.前面说很多动植物从化石记录里消失了，断句有说具体的时间段。
长难句的分析要用继续那个100个长难句资料好好练习了。




10. Paragraph 5 implies that a special explanation of lr in the boundary clay is needed because
○the lr in microscopic meteorites reaching Earth during the Cretaceous period would have been incorporated into Earth’s core
○the lr in the boundary clay was deposited much more than a million years ago
○the concentration of lr in the boundary clay is higher than in microscopic meteorites
○the amount of lr in the boundary clay is too great to have come from microscopic meteorites during the time the boundary clay was deposited
正确选项：D
错误选项：C
错误原因：没有分析出来，求交流。。。




14. For a long time scientists have argued that the extinction of The dinosaurs was related to climate change.
●
●
●
Answer choices
1. A simple climate change does not explain some important data related to the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.
2. The retreat of the seaways at the end of the Cretaceous has not been fully explained.
3. The abruptness of extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous and the high concentration of lr found in clay deposited at that time have fueled the development of a new hypothesis.
4. Extreme changes in daily and seasonal climates preceded the retreat of the seas back into the major ocean basins.
5. Some scientists hypothesize that the extinction of the dinosaurs resulted from the effects of an asteroid collision with Earth.
6. Boundary clay layers like the one between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are used by scientists to determine the rate at which an extinct species declined.

正确选项：ACE
错误选项：ACF
错误原因：F项文中没有提到。还是那个原因，做阅读是直接看题，没有看文章整体结构，以为F选项是自己漏看的部分，而E选项可以说是在看文章的时候只看题目指示到的部分，没有看段落大意。

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3# idealibt

嗯嗯，是啊，那是后就是不血洒考场那么简单了！

佐左927UID: 3229248

第一篇 做对的题目

      1 单词题
1. The word massive in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ancient
○carefully
○very large
○carefully protected


原因：我认识。massive 巨大的= very large


5 排除题
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in The development of Teotihuacán?
○The presence of obsidian in the Teotihuacán Valley
○The potential for extensive irrigation of Teotihuacán Valley lands
○A long period of volcanic inactivity in the Teotihuacán Valley
○Teotihuacán’s location on a natural trade route


原因：定位原文 1） T geographic location on a nature trade route    D排除
                              2） the obsidian resources in valley itself                 A排除
                              3）  the potential for extensive irrigation                   B排除
            所以只能选C


7 细节推断
7. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C.?
○It was a fairly small city until that date.
○It was located outside the Valley of Mexico.
○It emerged rapidly as an economical and political center.
○Its economy relied heavily on agriculture.


原因：定位原文：
Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava.


还有
a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. 说这些小center共同存在in and near the valley of Mexico.这一点是后来看软件里的分析给出的另原因。之前自己就没有注意这一句。


       10细节推断
10. According to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites shown?
○Obsidian’s value was understood only when Teotihuacán became an important city.
○The residents of Teotihuacán were sophisticated toolmakers.
○The residents of Teotihuacán traded obsidian with the Olmecs as early as 400 B.C.
○Some of the obsidian used by the Olmecs came from the area around Teotihuacán.


原因：B\C文章中都没有提到，A在文章中说早在
the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), 的时候就被人们需要了，所以A不成立。
选C在文中的定位是：
Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmecs sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán.


          11 细节理解
           
11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
○The prosperity of the elite
○Plenty of available housing
○Opportunities for well-paid agricultural employment
○The presence of one or more religious shrines


原因：文中定位：
1.Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life.
所以选A
2.It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C. Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet.
所以选D


        12作者用意判断
         
Paragraph 6

12. In paragraph 6, the author discusses the “The thriving obsidian operation” in order to
○explain why manufacturing was the main industry of Teotihuacán
○give an example of an industry that took very little time to develop in Teotihuacán
○Illustrate how several factors influenced each other to make Teotihuacán a powerful and wealthy city
○explain how a successful industry can be a source of wealth and a source of conflict at the same time
原因：说实话，是蒙的，因为时间不够了。
具体分析应该是因为：原文
for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacán.


additional +and additional+all this led to increaced wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to T.


第一篇总结完毕。如有不对，请各位前辈拍砖！欢迎拍砖！-----------------卖萌的笑脸凑上来o(∩_∩)o