【1010G精英组】ARGUMENT188 B组回收站

weaselUID: 2739489

上交时间为4月29日下午13点前

sola-nanaUID: 2744594

Given a research suggesting that whenadministering the same dosage of kappa opioids to 28 men and 20 women havingtheir wisdom teeth extracted, researchers got reports from women claiming thepain was much less than the men, and the easing of pain lasted much longer, thespeaker concludes whenever pain medication is required, kappa opioids should beprescribed for women but other pain medication for men, besides, the effects ofall medications on men and women should be reevaluated. On the surface, then,the conclusion mentioned above may appear to be reasonable. However, a morenuanced examination of all the reasoning and conclusion suggests this argumentstands on several doubted grounds.

As mentioned above, the key evidence putforward by the speaker is the research on the pain feeling after taken kappaopioids between 28 men and 20 women. I have to doubt about the metrics whenthey judge the degree of pain. When we talkabout painful, distress and discomfort, it is a subjective judgment at mosttimes. There are no such apparatus which could measure the degree of pain, likerulers and weighing-machine with a single standard. Standing behind the film screen, youcould figure out varied behaviors to the same scene in the same horrible movie. Some cry and scream,some tremble, while some would show dismissive. It is the same with one’sdescription of pain. It depends on one’s character, experiences of live, familybackground, physical conditions and the like. Maybe it has been a habit for one to be considerately cared and even a slight cut may become unbearably painful. It is also necessary to take whether the more painful ones in the research haveother kinds of illness with medicines having an inhibitive effect on kappa opioids into consideration.

Another doubtful point of the research isare the 28 men and 20 women stand for all the patients? First, the capacity ofthe sample may be insufficient, which would give rise to deficient ofrepresentativeness and accuracy of the research. Second, infants, teenagers,adults and aged should all be included in consideration of age. Different patientsin different age brackets should be compared with the ones in the same age bracket. This kindof grouping considers the possibility of different influences of kappa opioids on different age brackets and follows the principle of unified varies simultaneously. Finally, it is apparent that there are some patients who are not allowed to take such painkillers. Such as patients suffering cardiopathy or gastrosia simultaneously, pain medications would only exacerbate patients’condition or even endanger patients’lives.

Even if the research proved the differenteffect of kappa opioids between men and women, how can the speaker figure outthere are no other more effective painkillers available or others which have less side effects than kappa opioids, andgive the conclusion that whenever pain medication is needed, kappa opioids shouldbe prescribed to women? Two more researches are needed. One of them is the side effect test and the other is the comparison experiment between other available pain medicines.

As for the second conclusion given by thespeaker, I do not think it is necessary if the first conclusion that kappa opioids should be prescribed to women rather than men is grounded. Conversely, more researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versuswomen before the decision of discriminate treatment have made.

With the analysis above, it is definite the conclusion is unwarranted as it stands. In order to support its conclusion, first, the speaker should provide a rational metric to make pain measurable; second, enlarge the sample number and all kinds of individuals for the reason to make the research more representative; third, side effect tests and comparison experiments should be conducted.

ROse_MaryUID: 2790464

Argument 188
In this argument, the writer concluded from a new report that doctors should consider the different sense of pain between men and women when prescribing pain medications. The report was based on an investigation carried out to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted when given the same dosage of kappa opioids. However, careful examination of this research reveals that it lends little credible support to the conclusion.

Firstly, the authority of the researchers is quite doubtful. What kind of institution are these researchers attached to? And what is the purpose in the first place of this study? If these researchers lacking professional knowledge arranged the whole program, it is entirely possible that the data of the result is short of accuracy.

Secondly, even if the researchers mentioned in the argument are adequately authoritative, the methods of the investigation’s administrating are inappropriate. First of all, 28 men and 20 women cannot be a complete sample, the number of which is too small for the overall, leading to that the outcome of the little group cannot stand for all men and women. Moreover, in this program the researchers studied on the only one kind of pain----the pain of extracting the wisdom teeth, but there is no consistency about the extent of this pain and no evidence in the argument showed that the pain level of these people are exactly measured by the medical device. Maybe someone’s nerve near the wisdom teeth is quite more sensible to the pain than others’, but the administrators didn’t realize the difference. Considering all above flaws in the methods of the research, we cannot directly accept the result through.

Thirdly, the writer also held that this research suggested that kappa opioids should be prescribe for women whenever pain medication is required and men should be given other kinds of pain medication. There is no evidence to bolster this point of view because kappa opioids is the only one pain medication tested on the sample. If another consequence emerged on the same people when given another pain medication, it is apparently inappropriate to dispose patients by all kinds of pain medication under the circumstance where kappa opioids did.

In summary, the research on how men and women experience pain differently from one another is supposed to be based on not merely the larger sample consists of more people, but a criteria of the pain level measured by a more scientific and authoritative way as well. In addition, only after being sure of the purpose of the program should the researchers dedicate the effort and the money on the effects of all medications on men versus women.

sola-nanaUID: 2744594

改rose~

In this argument, the writer concluded froma new report that doctors should consider the different sense of pain betweenmen and women when prescribing pain medications. The report was based on aninvestigation carried out to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdomteeth extracted when given the same dosage of kappa opioids. However, carefulexamination of this research reveals that it lends little credible support to the conclusion.

Firstly, the authority of the researchers is quite doubtful. What kind ofinstitution are these researchers attached to? And what is the purpose in thefirst place of this study? If these researchers lacking professional knowledgearranged the whole program, it is entirely possible that the data of the resultis short of accuracy.
如果研究者也要质疑的话，每篇argument都会有这个问题的...调查者或者研究者的权威性是不需要质疑的

Secondly, even if the researchers mentioned in the argument are adequatelyauthoritative, the methods of the investigation’s administrating areinappropriate. First of all, 28 men and 20 women cannot be a complete sample（不能这么说吧..完整样本的话就成了所有人了..不可能把所有人都调查过来啊）, the number of which is too small for the overall, leading to thatthe outcome of the little group cannot stand for all men and women. Moreover,in this program the researchers studied on the only one kind of pain----thepain of extracting the wisdom teeth, but there is no consistency about theextent of this pain and no evidence in the argument showed that the pain levelof these people are exactly measured by the（用a certain更合适吧..） medicaldevice. Maybe someone’s nerve near the wisdom teeth is quite more sensible tothe pain than others’, but the administrators didn’t realize the difference.Considering all above flaws in the methods of the research, we cannot directlyaccept the result through.

Thirdly, the writer also held that this research suggested that kappa opioidsshould be prescribed for women whenever painmedication is required and men should be given other kinds of pain medication.There is no evidence to bolster this pointof view because kappa opioids is the only （one） painmedication tested on the sample. If another consequence指什么？ emergedon the same people..范围太广了.. whengiven another pain medication, it is apparently inappropriate to disposepatients by all kinds of pain medications underthe circumstance where kappa opioids did.

In summary, the research on how men and womenexperience pain differently(不全面) from oneanother（each other） is supposed to be based on not merely the larger sample consists(consisted) of more people, but a criteria ofthe pain level measured by(in) a more scientificand authoritative way as well. In addition, only after being sure of thepurpose of the program should (could) theresearchers dedicate the effort and the money on the effects of all medicationson men versus women.


有些句子需要斟酌..建议扩大阅读量，总结句型，应用于作文中
还有，调查者或者研究者的权威性在题目陈述没有很明显漏洞的情况下不要攻击..
而且主要攻击的应该是题目中的主要逻辑错误

weaselUID: 2739489

Can you believe the speaker’s stated research and what do you think of his eventual conclusion? Without the common positive admiration, you must consider this argument seriously.

When considering the research, the experiment’s credibility is obviously doubted. As a common sense, every variable parameter should be controlled as so to get a scientific consequence from observation of the only variety left. However, the experiment above failed to stick to this rule. Compared to the male group, the female group with less population can not underpin the result that most women agree that after using the medication they feel better much less pain than the men and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. It is the reason that we have not know the opinions of other eight patients, who do not exist in this experiment. Furthermore, the consequence lacks universality seriously. Why all the patients are suffering the pain of their wisdom teeth extracted? Is there a circumstance that the result varies when more people with other kinds of pains, such as headache, take part in this research? Thus, more evitable supplement should be added if the speaker wants to found a hard root to make his final conclusion.

Next, another serious flaw is apparent when one tastes the statement about the women’s report carefully. Base on different definitions of pain and its degree, another can not record a quantized data which can describe how a person feels exactly. Therefore, these data, alas, referring to different feelings after using the medication can not offer the speaker to make such a clearly credible result. If a research’s fruits all come out from such vague information, no one will believe it no matter what the relevant researcher said.

Finally, even if the research can prove that kappa opioids could exert an effect on pain healing, it is open to doubt the speaker’s final assertion. The first place worth questioning is the statement that “kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required”. One can not exclude other congeneric substitute goods, which may be more efficient in pain healing. Moreover, are there some negative effects when patients use kappa opioids for a long time? Before the speaker announced the statement above, he had not provided the relevant information to answer the question. The second point where the speaker revealed his fault is that he advised researchers to reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. It is not feasible and necessary. They need not valuate some congeneric medications only with different brands. Even if researchers have enough energy and time to do such meaningless stuff, it is not worth for them to spend so much time on this research because these kinds of medications, indeed, do not come with serious influence. Only recover lasting a longer time for man? Or vague hurter pain feelings? At least, the speaker did not express a clear viewpoint about what harmful impacts the medications actually take.

So, what do you think now? Do you believe it?

weaselUID: 2739489

今天交得实在晚了

完全脱离了一次模板，开头结尾比较另类了，或者说随意了

weaselUID: 2739489

改sola

Given a research suggesting that whenadministering the same dosage of kappa opioids to 28 men and 20 women having their wisdom teeth extracted, researchers gotreports from women claiming the pain was much less than the men, and the easingof pain lasted much longer, the speaker concludeswhenever pain medication is required, kappa opioids should be prescribed forwomen but other pain medication for men, besides, the effects of all medicationson men and women should be reevaluated. On the surface, then, theconclusion mentioned above may appear to be reasonable. However, a more nuanced（查看韦氏，这里“细微差别的”不太合适）
examination of all the reasoning and conclusion suggests thisargument stands on several doubted grounds（有点Chinese English的味道）.
第一个长句having这里有问题，应该是作为一个定语修饰前面menand women的，还有后面the speaker后面是另一个句子了，前面得用分号或者加个连词

As mentioned above, thekey evidence put forward by the speaker is the research on the pain feeling after taken kappa opioids between 28 men and 20women.（语法错误） I have to doubt about the metrics（？作诗法） when they（指代不明） judge the degree of pain. When we talk about painful,distress and discomfort, it is a subjective judgment at most times. There areno such apparatus which could measure the degree of pain, like rulers andweighing-machine with a single standard. Standing behind the film screen, youcould figure out varied behaviors（whose？）to the same scene in the samehorrible movie. Some cry and scream, some tremble, while some would showdismissive. It is the same with one’s description of pain. Itdepends on one’s character, experiences of live, family background, physicalconditions and the like. Maybe it has been a habit for one to be consideratelycared and even a slight cut may become unbearably painful. It isalso necessary to take whether the more painful ones in the research have otherkinds of illness with medicines having an inhibitive effect on kappa opioidsinto consideration.
这里几个it虽然有的是形式主语，但是还是有指代不明，感觉没有逻辑

Another doubtful pointof the research is are the 28 men and 20 women stand for all thepatients? （。）First, the capacity of the sample may be insufficient, which would give rise to deficient of representativeness and accuracy of theresearch. Second, infants, teenagers, adults and （the）aged should all be included in consideration of age（删）. Different patients in different age brackets（用词不当，具体查看韦氏）
should be compared with the ones inthe same age bracket. This kind ofgrouping considers the possibility of different influences of kappa opioids ondifferent age brackets and follows the principle of unified variessimultaneously. Finally, it isapparent that there are some patients who are not allowed to take suchpainkillers. Such as patients suffering cardiopathy or gastrosiasimultaneously, pain medications would only exacerbate patients’ condition oreven endanger patients’ lives.



Even if the researchproved the different effect（s） of kappa opioids between men and women, how canthe speaker figure out there are no other more effective painkillers availableor others which
have less side effects
（这里lessside effects和前面more effective painkillers不能放在一起，不是同一回事，一个是有其它更好的选择，一个是怀疑其副作用）than kappa opioids, and give the conclusion that whenever painmedication is needed, kappa opioids should be prescribed to women? Two moreresearches are needed. One of them is the side effect test and the other is thecomparison experiment between other（all）available pain medicines.

As for the secondconclusion given by the speaker, I do not think it is necessary if the firstconclusion that kappa opioids should be prescribed to women rather than men isgrounded. Conversely, more researchers should reevaluate the effectsof all medications on men versus women before the decision of discriminatetreatment have made.

With the analysisabove, it is definite the conclusion is unwarranted as it stands. In order tosupport its conclusion, first, the speaker should provide a rational metric tomake pain measurable; second, enlarge the sample number and all kinds ofindividuals for the reason to make the research more representative; third,side effect tests and comparison experiments should be conducted.

Lend support to=bolster
Dispose处理

总体感觉：表达上问题占主要，虽然段落内的逻辑结构也存在问题，但是文章读起来的感觉就是很别扭，很不流畅。如果有时间，建议按照诸葛版主那个汉译英的方法练练语言，还有就是做草木的那个语法练习。
继续加油：）

youngstoneUID: 2670818

补作业~~
In this argument, the research indicates that Kappa Opioids is suitable for women as a pain medication while men should take other kinds of pain medicine instead. Moreover, the arguer suggests that all medications should be reevaluated in order to assess the effects on men and women. Clearly examining the argument, we may find that the evidence cannot effectively support the conclusion.

The first fallacy the argument suffers is a lack of credibility of the research. Firstly, the sample is so limited since it is clear that a sample of less than 50 people makes little sense. Secondly, we do not know the conditions of these patients’ wisdom teeth. It is entirely possible that it is much more difficult to extract the wisdom teeth of some men so they may get more sufferings actually. Without the information about the condition of these people’s wisdom teeth, it is too hasty to draw any conclusion about the ability to sustain pain. Thirdly, what the women reported may not accurately reflect the pain they suffered. It is almost impossible to compare the feelings of men and women only by their description since people have their own way to describe pain.

In the second place, even if women really feel less painful than man. It is not justifiable to conclude that Kappa Opioids are suitable for women while men should take other pain medicine instead. Firstly, women may have superior ability to sustain sufferings thus even without the pain medicine, women can still feel better. In that case, we cannot effectively evaluate the functions of this medicine on men and women. Secondly, since the arguer does not provide and information about other anti-pain medicines. Without a comparison between different medicines, we cannot know whether the Kappa Opioids is the most suitable one for women and whether other medicines have better effects on men than Kappa Opioids.

In the third place, the suggestion that researchers should reassess the effects of all medications on men and women is also unjustified. Even considering the research in the argument makes much sense, there is no need to reassess all medicines. Firstly, the reevaluation is based on the fact that the medications have already been evaluated, but not on men versus women. In that case, figures and statistics should exist concerning the effects of different medicines on different people. Then researchers can just analyze these statistics and in this way, we are also able to learn the effects of different medicines on men and women. Secondly, we do not know any information concerning how many kinds of medicines have sharply different effects on men and women. It is entirely possible that only quite a small proportion of the medicines have sharp differences. Then it is just a waste of time to have such a reevaluation. Thirdly, to have such a huge reevaluation, a great deal of money will be used and many researchers will devote themselves to it deeply. Even if quite a large proportion of the medicines have different effects on men and women, whether it is worthwhile implementing the reassessment is open to doubt. Since the money may solve more serious problems and the researchers may devote their energy and time to more important issues if the researchers do not carry out the reevaluation.

In conclusion, the survey of different pain feelings between men and women lacks credibility, the decision that women should take Kappa Opioids while men should not is unjustified and the suggestion to reevaluate the function of all medicines for the purpose of comparison between men and women is too hasty. To better evaluate the problem, evidence about the conditions of men and women before their wisdom teeth are extracted is needed. And it will be better if the arguer can provide the information of some other pain medications.

HYPS2011UID: 2618437

楼主好!怎么加入你们的组织呢？7月28机考 QQ463690365