[厚积薄发，08教你写句子]之1——象征词的用法 (6/15更新)

jiang08UID: 2391146

很多同学写IBT作文的时候苦于遣词造句能力有限，因而寄希望于华丽的模板。
其实繁复的句型并不会为文章增色多少，但几个出跳生动的词语却可以。

这个系列活动的目的就是和大家一起学习[造句]的能力。每期有几个简单的翻译练习。

***注意：造句只是IBT作文很有限的一个方面，想要高分不能只关注文章表面，论述内容更重要***
我参考的资料是附件（2L）的这本书，一本很好的书，有空的同学一定要看看。
当然书里面是没有造句的题目的，我借了它的词语。

每一期活动有一个主题，比如第一期是[象征词]，我会一次给出若干个（这次是5个）关键词，附上Merrian-Webster的解释（如果是其他词典会标注），给一个包含该关键词的例句，参加的同学翻译一下该句子即可（句中红色单词就是该关键词）。过几天我给出标准句（参考资料上的，中文是我翻译的，会力求准确），也会评论大家的翻译功课，然后给下一批单词。

6/15:
翻译联系的答案是白色的字，选中后看到。注意：翻译练习答案不是唯一的，仅供参考，目的是学会造句的方法。
另外今天再给下一批练习的词语，请把帖子翻到第二页。:handshake

最后说一下翻译的句子：这里给出的句子都是一个完整的英文句子，因此需要使用从句或复合句型的时候请尽情使用。

========================================================

第一期：象征词（Metaphor）的用法。
A metaphor is a word or phrase that means one thing and is used to refer to another thing in order to emphasize their similar qualities.
比如我们说“毕加索是立体主义之父” ，句中的[父][father]就是隐喻。

Q：为什么要学象征词？
A：可以用具象的物体来表达抽象的观点，不是一种很方便的工具么？

6/12

edifice
Function: noun
1 : building; especially : a large or massive structure
2 : a large abstract structure <holds together the social edifice — R. H. Tawney>
2即其象征意义，也就是我们要练习的部分。
句子翻译：
这篇报纸文章威胁到了整个政府团体，从总统一直到草根政治家。
The newspaper article threatened the whole government edifice, from the President all the way down to grass-roots politicians.

deep-rooted
Function: adjective
: deeply implanted or established <a deep–rooted loyalty>
句子翻译：
迷信的信念在很多文化根深蒂固，没有什么能改变这些信念。
Superstitious beliefs are deep-rooted in many cultures, and nothing can change these beliefs.


sow the seeds of something
to do something that will cause an unpleasant situation in the future
[from：The Free Dictionary]
句子翻译：
公司的经理们相信人们会想要他们的新产品，然而早期的研究和负面的反馈开始在他们头脑里酝酿起怀疑来。
The company directors were convinced people would want their new product, but then early research and negative feedback began to sow the seeds of doubt in their minds.


construct
Function: transitive ver
1 : to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements : build; also : contrive, devise
2 : to draw (a geometrical figure) with suitable instruments and under specified conditions
3 : to set in logical order
我们用的是第三个含义
句子翻译：
他的论点是精心构建的，非常难反驳。
His argument was carefully constructed and was extremely difficult to dispute.


buttress
Function: transitive verb （名词是本义，这里不讨论）
: to furnish or shore up with a buttress; also : support, strengthen<arguments buttressed by solid facts>
句子翻译：
他的观点由一系列结果支持着，结果表明这些观点已经被运用到实际中并且有效。
Her ideas were carefully buttressed by a series of results showing that they had been put into practice and actually worked.

=============================================================

第2期练习：请看下一页的帖子。敬请关注。

jiang08UID: 2391146

2楼：

参考资料

hyacinthUID: 2184492

translation is too hard....

jiang08UID: 2391146

translation is too hard....
hyacinth 发表于 2010-6-13 04:18

俄 那蘑菇有啥建议么？

hyacinthUID: 2184492

oh...sorry...

that was just my thoughts on translation not my comments on this thread... b/c i cannot do translation... >_<

i think your idea is interesting... sorry for the confusion ...

FFFMZJBUID: 2479141

谢谢楼主分享

赞一个

StefanaUID: 2143510

大赞08。
我来参加^^

This article in the newspaper threatened the whole grovernment edifice, from the president to the grassroots-layer statesman.

Some superstition are deep-rooted in the culture, nothing can change these fetiches.

The manegers of the company believe that people want their new products, but they started to has sow the seeds of the negative feedback of the products through the early research.

His point has been carefully consructed and it is hard to refute.

There are a lots of results buttress behind his points, these results showed that his points of view has been applied in practice, and become effective.

wjcaituUID: 2832472

my answer is:

句子翻译：' s7 W. `4 N8 _% Y
这篇报纸文章威胁到了整个政府团体，从总统一直到草根政治家。
This article on newspaper has threatened the whole edifice of government, not only is the president involved but also the civilian politicians are not excluded。


deep-rooted% Z9 m5 y+ I1 b5 P; j8 q8 M
句子翻译：' }+ x+ b; Y' ~9 D& u4 }
迷信的信念在很多文化根深蒂固，没有什么能改变这些信念。! Q# l7 `$ {! i, h1 k8 G6 G7 _
The superstitions are deep-rooted in many culture, that nothing can change these myths.


sow the seeds of something
句子翻译：2 e0 o$ l7 a1 s* z. w8 J3 I
公司的经理们相信人们会想要他们的新产品，然而早期的研究和负面的反馈开始在他们头脑里酝酿起怀疑来。4 ^8 l6 y" w) a- x& i
& C9 ?( S5 i% G8 M: X
The managers believe that their new product will be appealing in the market, however, the earlier researches and the passsitive feed back informations did sow the seeds of suspicion in their minds.

他的论点是精心构建的，非常难反驳。
His perspective is constructed delicately， which is difficult to refute.

' \0 I6 v1 `' I9 U: {/ `7 V
! U+ G) |/ |3 N! \( ^
3 C8 k( l: }# }5 J
buttress! X. U9 S1 ]. d+ l

句子翻译：: ]/ b, g( o1 Y+ i' j. ~. Q1 f
他的观点由一系列结果支持着，结果表明这些观点已经被运用到实际中并且有效。
His point is strongly buttressed by serials of facts, which prove it valid in the practical application.

wjcaituUID: 2832472

1# jiang08
对了，还没感谢斑斑呢，这个栏目太棒呢~~~ 加油

hulinlin24UID: 2731389

赞08。。。。。。。。。

hulinlin24UID: 2731389

1，This newspaper article threatened the entire government edifice, fron the president to grass-roots politicians.

2.Superstitious beliefs are deep-rooted in many cultures, there is no change of these beliefs.

3.The company's managers believe that people will want their new products, but earlier studies and negative feedback did sow the seeds of suspicion in their mind.

4.His argument is carefully constructed,and it is difficult to refute.

5.His view is buttressed by a series of results which show that these ideas have been applied to practical and effective.

jiang08UID: 2391146

大赞08。
我来参加^^

This article in the newspaper threatened the whole grovernment edifice, from the president to the grassroots-layer statesman.

Some superstition are deep-rooted in the cultur ...
Stefana 发表于 2010-6-13 09:13

2和5中，逗号前后的句子分别有自己的谓语，可以用分号或者定语从句来改掉。
另外关于buttress，就是我们那个教堂的扶壁嘛，（flying buttress=飞扶壁）从这个方面也蛮好理解的。

jiang08UID: 2391146

绿色是我的一些想法：

my answer is:

句子翻译：' s7 W. `4 N8 _% Y
这篇报纸文章威胁到了整个政府团体，从总统一直到草根政治家。
Thisarticle on newspaper has threatened the whole edifice of government,not only is the president involved but also the civilian politiciansare not excluded。草根有一个专用词，就是grass-roots

deep-rooted% Z9 m5 y+ I1 b5 P; j8 q8 M
句子翻译：' }+ x+ b; Y' ~9 D& u4 }
迷信的信念在很多文化根深蒂固，没有什么能改变这些信念。! Q# l7 `$ {! i, h1 k8 G6 G7 _
The superstitions are deep-rooted in many culture, that nothing can change these myths. 如果要用that引导后半句，前半句要用so，位置在deep-rooted之前，不然语法不通顺。

sow the seeds of something
句子翻译：2 e0 o$ l7 a1 s* z. w8 J3 I
公司的经理们相信人们会想要他们的新产品，然而早期的研究和负面的反馈开始在他们头脑里酝酿起怀疑来。4 ^8 l6 y" w) a- x& i
& C9 ?( S5 i% G8 M: X
Themanagers believe that their new product will be appealing in themarket,句号 however, the earlier researches and the passsitive feed backinformations did sow the seeds of suspicion in their minds.

他的论点是精心构建的，非常难反驳。
His perspective is constructed delicately， which is difficult to refute.

' \0 I6 v1 `' I9 U: {/ `7 V
! U+ G) |/ |3 N! \( ^
3 C8 k( l: }# }5 J
buttress! X. U9 S1 ]. d+ l

句子翻译：: ]/ b, g( o1 Y+ i' j. ~. Q1 f
他的观点由一系列结果支持着，结果表明这些观点已经被运用到实际中并且有效。
His point is strongly buttressed by serials of facts, which prove it 这个it指代不明确，如果用被动which has been proved我觉得也可以 valid in the practical application.

wjcaitu 发表于 2010-6-13 10:52

jiang08UID: 2391146

绿色是我写的~

1，This newspaper article threatened the entire government edifice, fron the president to grass-roots politicians.

2.Superstitious beliefs are deep-rooted in many cultures, there is no change of these beliefs.
也是两个谓语的问题，改用分号就解决问题

3.The company's managers believe that people will want their new products, but earlier studies and negative feedback did sow the seeds of suspicion in their mind.
sow the seeds of 已经是动词短语，因此不再需要did。（或者你是强调？我觉得这里没有这个必要）

4.His argument is carefully constructed,and it is difficult to refute.
这个it指代有问题，如果是指arguments，应该是they，而另外可以表示抽象的指代，这样的话refute就需要宾语them。另外一个方法是把and it改成which

5.His view is buttressed by a series of results which show that these ideas have been applied to practical and effective.
hulinlin24 发表于 2010-6-13 14:40

jiang08UID: 2391146

6/15：象征词练习之二

老规矩，5个词，5句简单的翻译练习(蓝色，关键词红色)，答案我直接给了，是白色的，选中可见。
做了翻译的同学欢迎帖上来，大家一起进步。

architect
Function:  noun
2 : a person who designs and guides a plan or undertaking <the architect of American foreign policy>
他是国家的新经济政策的首席策划者。
He was the chief architect of the country's new economic policies.

blueprint
Function:  noun
2 : something resembling a blueprint (as in serving as a model or providing guidance); especially  : a detailed plan or program of action <a blueprint for victory>
该合同是两个组织之间未来合作的蓝图。
The contract acted as a blueprint for future cooperation between the two organizations.

lay the foundations
没有字典，我个人的解释：建立基础，就如同造房子先打地基一般。
新政府为选举系统的彻底改变打下了基础。
The new government laid the foundations for radical changes to the voting system.

under construction
这个词组的意思很直白了，维修中，原指建筑未完成时的状态，也较多指修路。
该网站目前在建设中，但我们希望到月底时它能够运行起来。
The website is under construction, but we hope to have it up and running by the end of the month.

collapse
Function:  verb
4 : to suddenly lose force, significance, effectiveness, or worth <fears that the currency may collapse>
这个想法理论上看起来不错，但在实际测试中却完全失败了。
The idea seemed good in theory, but collapsed when practical tests were first carried out.