【甚解小组】【TASK 1】原文抄抄抄

咖啡盐UID：2973669

A Newly Cooperative China

Published: January 21, 2011
[size=1.5em]After months of rancor, China is suddenly talking up cooperation on North Korea, the economy, and other difficult issues. There are several possible explanations for the change in tone — and, we hope — substance.

[size=1.5em]Beijing’s bullying has alienated （疏远）pretty much everyone out there, and China’s leaders may have finally figured that out. The Obama administration’s recent tough talk, coupled with President Obama’s pomp-filled welcome this week of President Hu Jintao, were also clear reminders of the cost of alienating the United States and the benefits of getting along.

[size=1.5em]Mr. Hu appeared eager to make his American hosts happy, pledging to work to resolve differences over market access and the protection of intellectual property. He also came bearing gifts. The White House announced $45 billion worth of American export deals to China, which it said would support 235,000 jobs. Many of these deals had been reached as far back as three years ago, but Mr. Hu and Mr. Obama were eager to claim credit.
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[size=1.5em]It is too early to know how far China is really prepared to go, but Mr. Hu made several potentially significant concessions. He said the country would now audit government agencies’ software purchases and publish their results in an attempt to end their widespread use of pirated software. And he signaled that his government is willing to temper the most controversial （有争议的
[size=1.5em]）aspects of its “indigenous innovation” plan to favor domestic companies in government procurement deals.
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[size=1.5em]The plan, as initially conceived, only allowed Chinese state entities to buy certain technology products if their patents were developed and registered in China, excluding foreign suppliers. According to the White House, China dropped the registration requirement and agreed government procurement would not be based “on where the goods’ or services’ intellectual property is developed or maintained,” and that “there will be no discrimination against innovative（创新的） products made by foreign suppliers operating in China.”
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[size=1.5em]If these policies change, it could defuse（ 缓和） some of the biggest sources of tension in the growing economic relations between China and the United States.
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[size=1.5em]There’s even a modicum of good news on China’s artificially cheap currency, the renminbi. Beijing has made a lot of promises, but is still refusing to let the renminbi rise by much. But higher Chinese inflation means that — in real terms — it is appreciating at a rate of about 10 percent a year, which is helping American exports.
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[size=1.5em]President Hu was also more accommodating than usual on North Korea and publicly acknowledged that “a lot still needs to be done in China in terms of human rights.” On both those issues, we’ll take verify over trust. Mr. Hu could start by releasing Liu Xiaobo, the pro-democracy activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner.
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[size=1.5em]At Washington’s urging, China finally expressed concern over North Korea’s recently unveiled uranium enrichment plant. It still has not denounced North Korea’s torpedoing of a South Korean warship. As the North’s main supplier of fuel and food, China may be the only country that can rein in Pyongyang. American officials said that, in private talks, Mr. Hu agreed to try — but only after Mr. Obama warned that the United States may have to redeploy its military forces in Asia to protect itself from the North’s belligerence.
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[size=1.5em]It is far too early to assume that the Chinese government has decided to turn a new strategic leaf. But it is clearly taking a second look at things. Regular contact is essential. Cajoling and flattery may also help. The lesson of the last few months is that they need to be backed up with regular, firm pushes in the right direction.

咖啡盐UID：2973669

alienated  
al·ien·at·ed / `eɪliə,neɪtəd / adjective
feeling that you do not belong in a particular society, place, or group:

Many single parents feel alienated from society.
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controversial  
con·tro·ver·sial / ,kɑntrə`vɜrʃl / adjective **
a controversial subject, opinion, or decision is one that people disagree about or do not approve of:

controversial plans to build a new freeway
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innovative  
in·no·va·tive / `ɪnə,veɪtɪv / adjective *
new, original, and advanced:

designs full of innovative ideas
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defuse  
de·fuse / dɪ`fjuz / verb [transitive]
to make a situation more relaxed by making people feel less angry or less worried:

The government is trying to defuse tensions over cuts in public spending.
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咖啡盐UID：2973669

77. It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people’s lives. 尽管很不幸，但是这却是真实存在的事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。（政治与生活）Mr. Hu appeared eager to make his American hosts happy, pledging to work to resolve differences over market access and the protection of intellectual property. He also came bearing gifts. The White House announced $45 billion worth of American export deals to China, which it said would support 235,000 jobs. Many of these deals had been reached as far back as three years ago, but Mr. Hu and Mr. Obama were eager to claim credit.23W多个工作岗位仅仅只是因为大佬们的政治交易

147. It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a political. 对于一个英明的政治领导者来说，总是坦白是不可能的。彻底的诚实对于一个政治家来说是无用的美德。
There’s even a modicum of good news on China’s artificially cheap currency, the renminbi. Beijing has made a lot of promises, but is still refusing to let the renminbi rise by much. But higher Chinese inflation means that — in real terms — it is appreciating at a rate of about 10 percent a year, which is helping American exports.胡先生对老米说咱RMB不会再涨了，你们放心，但讲话的同时RMB依然涨得欢...

59. Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of general public. 主要的决策权应该全部交给政治家和其他的政府专家，他们更加见多识广且比一般的老百姓具有更好的判断能力和洞察力。
胡先生访美，拉到了外资，缓和了不少国际争端问题

周九UID：2769406

沙发哇

咖啡盐UID：2973669

175. The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus. 政治的目的不应该是追求一种理想，而是寻求共同点和合理的一致。
The plan, as initially conceived, only allowed Chinese state entities to buy certain technology products if their patents were developed and registered in China, excluding foreign suppliers. According to the White House, China dropped the registration requirement and agreed government procurement would not be based “on where the goods’ or services’ intellectual property is developed or maintained,” and that “there will be no discrimination against innovative products made by foreign suppliers operating in China.”

If these policies change, it could defuse some of the biggest sources of tension in the growing economic relations between China and the United States.
中美合作的双赢局面，老米赚到了钱，中国得到了技术支持...

140. The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little. 对于一位强有力的领导者来说，最关键的能力就是要对一些原则和目标坚定不移。任何领导如果很频繁的、很轻易的为大众的意志而转移的话，他将会一事无成。
President Hu was also more accommodating than usual on North Korea and publicly acknowledged that “a lot still needs to be done in China in terms of human rights.” On both those issues, we’ll take verify over trust. Mr. Hu could start by releasing Liu Xiaobo, the pro-democracy activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner.

At Washington’s urging, China finally expressed concern over North Korea’s recently unveiled uranium enrichment plant. It still has not denounced North Korea’s torpedoing of a South Korean warship. As the North’s main supplier of fuel and food, China may be the only country that can rein in Pyongyang. American officials said that, in private talks, Mr. Hu agreed to try — but only after Mr. Obama warned that the United States may have to redeploy its military forces in Asia to protect itself from the North’s belligerence.
奥先生想要胡先生在棒子问题上有所让步，否则合作的事情就还有待商量。胡先生说要再考虑考虑，一切事情都是可以商量的，但内心深处却甩都不帅奥先生的提议。刘XX的事情没得商量...（坚持原则）

咖啡盐UID：2973669

你是哪个小组的到底。。
lasselore 发表于 2011-1-23 02:14

这是甚解读书沙龙~~~

doraliuUID：2842061

哈哈，这个有意思~~~

咖啡盐UID：2973669

Why study history

The importance of history in explaining and understanding change in human behavior is no mere abstraction（抽象）. Take an important human phenomenon such as alcoholism. Through biological experiments scientists have identified specific genes that seem to cause a proclivity（倾向） toward alcohol addiction in some individuals. This is a notable advance. But alcoholism, as a social reality, has a history: rates of alcoholism have risen and fallen, and they have varied from one group to the next. Attitudes and policies about alcoholism have also changed and varied. History is indispensable to understanding why such changes occur. And in many ways historical analysis is a more challenging kind of exploration than genetic experimentation. Historians have in fact greatly contributed in recent decades to our understanding of trends (or patterns of change) in alcoholism and to our grasp of the dimensions of addiction as an evolving social problem.

One of the leading concerns of contemporary American politics is low voter turn out, even for major elections. A historical analysis of changes in voter turn out can help us begin to understand the problem we face today. What were turn outs in the past? When did the decline set in? Once we determine（决定） when the trend began, we can try to identify which of the factors present at the time combined to set the trend in motion. Do the same factors sustain the trend still, or are there new ingredients（成分; 因素） that have contributed to it in more recent decades? A purely contemporary analysis may shed some light on the problem, but a historical assessment is clearly fundamental—and essential for anyone concerned about American political health today.

History, then, provides the only extensive（多方面的） materials available to study the human condition. It also focuses attention on the complex processes of social change, including the factors that are causing change around us today. Here, at base, are the two related reasons many people become enthralled with the examination of the past and why our society requires and encourages the study of history as a major subject in the schools.

咖啡盐UID：2973669

abstraction  
ab·strac·tion / æb`strækʃən / noun
[count or uncount] an idea or way of thinking that is not related to real situations or practical experiences:

a philosophical abstraction
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proclivity  
pro·cliv·i·ty / proʊ`klɪvəti / noun [count] FORMAL

a tendency to want to do a particular thing, especially something bad
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determine  
de·ter·mine / dɪ`tɜrmɪn / verb **
1 [intransitive or transitive] to officially decide something:

determine whether/why/who: It is for the court to determine whether she is guilty.

2 [transitive often passive] to control what something will be:

Our prices are determined by the market.

3 [intransitive or transitive] to calculate something or discover it by examining evidence: FIND OUT:

I am interested in determining the cost.
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ingredient  
in·gre·di·ent / ɪn`gridiənt / noun [count] **
one of the foods or liquids that you use in making a particular meal:

Mix all the ingredients together and place them in a shallow dish.
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extensive  
ex·ten·sive / ɪk`stensɪv / adjective ***
1 very large in amount or degree:

The accident caused extensive damage to both cars.

2 involving a lot of details and information:

Scientists have conducted extensive research into the causes of cancer.

3 spreading over a large area:

He suffered a broken wrist and extensive bruising.

咖啡盐UID：2973669

83. The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives. 只有研究和我们日常生活相关的历史才有价值。

100. So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding the past provides little guidance for living in the present. 现代社会是如此的崭新和复杂以至于回首了解过去对于当代生活已经没有太大的帮助了。

History, then, provides the only extensive（多方面的） materials available to study the human condition. It also focuses attention on the complex processes of social change, including the factors that are causing change around us today. Here, at base, are the two related reasons many people become enthralled with the examination of the past and why our society requires and encourages the study of history as a major subject in the schools.
回首过去并非对我们如今的生活毫无价值，相反，历史对我们现在的生活有着借鉴作用。


201. The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusion that people in one period of time are significantly different from people who lived at any other time in history. 研究历史最大的好处就是打破了这种假象：不同时代的人们之间基本上是完全不同的。


One of the leading concerns of contemporary American politics is low voter turn out, even for major elections. A historical analysis of changes in voter turn out can help us begin to understand the problem we face today. What were turn outs in the past? When did the decline set in? Once we determine（决定） when the trend began, we can try to identify which of the factors present at the time combined to set the trend in motion. Do the same factors sustain the trend still, or are there new ingredients（成分; 因素） that have contributed to it in more recent decades? A purely contemporary analysis may shed some light on the problem, but a historical assessment is clearly fundamental—and essential for anyone concerned about American political health today.

doraliuUID：2842061

咖啡绿字体开起来吃力的说~~~换个颜色深的的么

咖啡盐UID：2973669

嗯，下次注意

咖啡盐UID：2973669

A New Chance for Mr. Obama
Published: January 23, 2011
（an editorial about Mr. Obama）
[size=1.5em]President Obama unveiled a promising new theme on Friday when he toured a factory in Schenectady, N.Y., and began talking about the desperate need to foster competitiveness and innovation in the pursuit of American jobs. The real test of his commitment to that cause in the second half of his term will come on Tuesday in his State of the Union address. He will have to make his case in the face of a newly strengthened and shrill Republican Party, determined to dismantle government’s most fundamental role in fighting the recession.


[size=1.5em]The top of his agenda should be explaining to the public why job creation and growth are more important than short-term spending cuts, and why those two paths are incompatible(矛盾的). Now is the time for a full-throated statement about the need for federal investment in infrastructure, education and state aid. He should capitalize on his new team of business-oriented advisers to explain which industries he believes will provide the jobs, and show what he is prepared to do to foster that growth.

[size=1.5em]Clearly, though, a plan for long-term deficit(赤字) reduction is vital to economic security. Mr. Obama has a chance to make clear how he plans to build in the years to come on cuts he has already proposed. But he cannot be drawn into the Republican game of choosing from a menu of ill-advised quick fixes. This is not an area where the difference can be split, or a few pre-emptive(先发制人的) reductions can palliate(缓和) the hunger on the right.

[size=1.5em]There is no point in even bringing up Social Security outside of a long-term and comprehensive budget debate. A moment for negotiation on the near-term budget will arrive, but it does not have to begin with sacrificial offerings from the podium. Mr. Obama is expected to propose a restructured(调整) tax code, but that important goal can only be reached in the context of raising more revenue to close chronic deficits.

[size=1.5em]The president may be able to find some rare common ground with Republicans on reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (now known as No Child Left Behind). Any new act will undoubtedly provide more flexibility for states and local districts to meet federal standards, but must maintain its commitment to pursuing equity for minority schools, along with a tough measurement system for teachers and schools.

[size=1.5em]We hope Mr. Obama dares to offer solutions on immigration, standing on the side of assimilation and earned citizenship. On the environment, he must stand firm against a coming Republican attack on the Clean Air Act and its authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants like smog, soot and mercury.

[size=1.5em]Overseas, the speech should explain why Afghanistan, alarmingly unstable after a decade of war, is important to American security and how he intends to reach a minimally acceptable outcome. He also needs to address his plans for forging better cooperation with Pakistan, where Qaeda and Taliban leaders are based.

[size=1.5em]Beyond the usual laundry list, however, the president will have to balance inspiration — the kind Americans saw in abundance in his Tucson remarks — with feisty confidence in his fundamental principles. The midterm election showed how strongly voters hungered for lost leadership on the economy. Mr. Obama has it within him to stand up to the forces of governmental destruction and begin restoring confidence in his leadership.

咖啡盐UID：2973669

incompatible  
in·com·pat·i·ble / ,ɪnkəm`pætəbl / adjective
ideas, systems, or machines that are incompatible are not able to work or exist together because of basic differences:

two aims that turned out to be incompatible
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deficit  
def·i·cit / `defəsɪt / noun [count] **
the amount by which something is less than you need or should have:

a country with trade deficits of $90 billion
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palliate  
pal·li·ate / `pæli,eɪt / verb [transitive]
1 FORMAL to make something bad seem less serious
2 MEDICAL to reduce the pain or other bad effects of an illness without curing it completely
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abundance  
a·bun·dance / ə`bʌndəns / noun [uncount] FORMAL
a very large quantity of something:

The lake attracts an abundance of wildlife.
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inspiration  
in·spi·ra·tion / ,ɪnspɪ`reɪʃn / noun **
[count or uncount] a sudden feeling of enthusiasm or a new idea that helps you to do or create something:

Dreams are a rich source of inspiration for some writers.