第二次作业

forevarsenalUID: 2737856

"A nationwide survey reveals that a sizeable majority of men would like to see additional sports programs on television. After television station WACK increased its sports broadcasts, its share of the television audience in its viewing area almost doubled. To gain a larger audience share in our area, and thus increase company profits, KICK should also revise its broadcast schedule to include more sports coverage."
WORDS: 428
TIME: 00:44:42
DATE: 2009-12-14 20:37:25

In this argument the author advises that KICK should also revise its broadcast schedule to include more sports coverage in order to gain a large audience share in our area and thereby increase company profits. To substantiate the conclusion the author refers a nationwide survey which shows that a sizeable majority of men would like to see additional sports programs on television. The author also mentions another television station WACK which increased its sports broadcasts and doubled the share of audience in its viewing area. At first sight, the argument seems to be logical, but further reflection show that the argument is lack of some basic logical flaws.

The first flaw involves in the potential assumption that the survey goes for the viewing area of KICK. In fact the nationalwide survey reflects the average information of the whole country, however, it is entirely possible that the area of KICK is quite unique from others, which means if
KICK carry out this policy, they may even loss audiences rather than increase them. Additionally, the results of the survey only reflect the desire of men and neglect other groups such as women, children and the olds. If KICK fail to take these people into account, they will probably loss these people.

The conclusion relies on the success of WACK. However, we don't receive any additional information on WACK. It is possible that most people in that area prefer sports programs or the percentage of men in that area is much larger than area of KICK. Without considering other factors, it is hard to convince us to accept the advice. Moreover, the real reason why the share of audience in WACK's viewing area almost doubled is not clear. Many other actions will lead the increase of audience as well such as the increase of some other kinds of broadcast, decrease of prices or more advertisement persuading people watching their programs. Considering these, we can hardly believe that the adverse will work as expected.

Last but not the least, we shouldn't neglect the common sense that the profit is a thing relating both the income and cost.
If the increase of the sports broadcast will cost much more than before, it is unwise to accept the advice.

To sum up, to make the argument invulnerable, the author need to give us more information about the preference of the very viewing area of
KICK, and make sure the real reason why WACK increase its audience share. Additionally, we also need to consider the cost of increasing sports broadcast. If so, KICK can make the right decision whether increase the sports broadcast or not.


TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."

It has been conventional for quite a long time that most historians tend to study the famous history figures who have crucial influence on promoting the advance human civilization or the attempt to set back the wheel of history. Common people get acquainted with a period of history mostly through
the celebrity's biography in that age or the movies and TV series concerning about the elites at that time. Meanwhile, criticism couldn't be ignored that this attitude neglects the contributions made by mass individuals and fails to reflect the true meaning of history. From my point of view, I concede the great influence of individuals especially historical heroes. Meanwhile, if we want to get an overall and objective image of history, we had better pay more attention to the groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.

Historians place too much emphasis on individuals for the reason that individuals, especially famous ones, often represent the values and morals which were most cried up in that period of history and have the power to make a difference. Through the study of their behaviors and life, we have got easily access to information of the significant events and trends in history. As we know, we have no time and energy to make sure of all the details of historical events and trends which related to all the classes of a society and thus it is seems wise for the historians in the past to concentrate on and record the activities of those in power such as Kings and generals. Consequently, most ancient historical books are composed of chapters about the activities of different figures such as The Record of the Historian, a book written by Sima Qian, a Han Dynasty historian of China. The principles tend to be more obvious when it comes to history of science and technology, for most momentous discoveries and far-reaching inventions are the achievements of a small group of people.

However, these materials couldn't offer us with an overall and objective image of history. Since the activities of famous individuals sometimes just due to personal appetite and habits, and hereby have no relation to the crucial events and trends. What's worse, important individuals in power may restrict historians to written about him objectively considering personal reputation. Consequently, we should not ignore the profound role the masses play in most significant events and trends. After all, history is composed of numerous of unknown people.


Ordinary people determined the destiny of the nation to great extent and guarantee the victory of significant events and trends in history like wars and revolutions. The incredible strength derived from the union of common people promotes the events and trends forcefully. The victory of a war is not only the result of the conduct of the general but also due to the execution of soldiers most of which is unknown. When we talk about the Great Depression, many people would be reminding of Roosevelt and Roosevelt's New Deal. Whereas, without the endeavors of thousands of common people of the United State, all act will be a mere scrap of paper.

Further analysis reflects the correct relationship between individuals and the masses that it is unreasonable to separate one from the other. Celebrities need to rely on the force of common people to realize their great ambitions, meanwhile the masses need the guide of great ones to lead them to get rid of dilemma and seek for a bright future. Most evens and trends in history are the result of cooperation between celebrities and the masses.

In summary, historian should recognize the importance of the famous individuals; while pay more attention to the groups of people whose identities have been long forgotten is equally necessary. If we find a balance in which the famous individuals drive us forward while the groups of people provide the power to us, we will surely get an overall and objective image of history and thus unfold the principles hidden in human history.

bigeyes_1314UID: 2736288

"A nationwide survey reveals that a sizeable majority of men would like to see additional sports programs on television. After television station WACK increased its sports broadcasts, its share of the television audience in its viewing area almost doubled. To gain a larger audience share in our area, and thus increase company profits, KICK should also revise its broadcast schedule to include more sports coverage."
In this argument the author advises that KICK should also revise its broadcast schedule to include more sports coverage in order to gain a large audience share in our area and thereby increase company profits. To substantiate the conclusion the author refers a nationwide survey which shows that a sizeable majority of men would like to see additional sports programs on television. The author also mentions another television station WACK which increased its sports broadcasts and doubled the share of audience in its viewing area. At first sight, the argument seems to be logical, but further reflection shows that the argument is lack of some basic logical flaws.(缺少逻辑错误？这个词用的和前面矛盾)
The first flaw involves in the potential assumption is that the survey goes for the viewing area of KICK. In fact the nationalwide(nationwide) survey reflects the average information of the whole country, however, it is entirely possible that the area of KICK is quite unique from others, which means if
KICK carry out this policy, they may even loss audiences rather than increase them. Additionally, the results of the survey only reflect the desire of men and neglect other groups such as women, children and the olds. If KICK fail to take these people into account, they will probably loss(lose)
these people(.these kinds of audiences)

The conclusion relies on the success of WACK. However, we don't receive any additional information on WACK. It is possible that most people in that area prefer sports programs or the percentage of men in that area is much larger than area of KICK. Without considering other factors, it is hard to convince us to accept the advice. Moreover, the real reason why the share of audience in WACK's viewing area almost doubled is not clear. Many other actions will lead the increase of audience as well such as the increase of some other kinds of broadcast, decrease of prices or more advertisement persuading people watching(to watch) their programs. Considering these, we can hardly believe that the adverse will work as expected.
Last but not the least, we shouldn't neglect the common sense that the profit is a thing relating both the income and cost.
If the increase of the sports broadcast will cost much more than before, it is unwise to accept the advice.
To sum up, to make the argument invulnerable, the author needs to give us more information about the preference of the very viewing area of
KICK, and make sure the real reason why WACK increased its audience share. Additionally, we also need to consider the cost of increasing sports broadcast. If so, KICK can make the right decision whether increase the sports broadcast or not.
TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
It has been conventional for quite a long time that most historians tend to study the famous history figures who have crucial influence on promoting the advance human civilization or the attempt to set back the wheel of history. Common people get acquainted with a period of history mostly through
the celebrity's biography in that age or the movies and TV series concerning about the elites at that time. Meanwhile, criticism couldn't be ignored that this attitude neglects the contributions made by mass individuals and fails to reflect the true meaning of history. From my point of view, I concede the great influence of individuals especially historical heroes. Meanwhile, if we want to get an overall and objective image of history, we had better pay more attention to the groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten.
Historians place too much emphasis on individuals for the reason that individuals, especially famous ones, often represent the values and morals which were most cried up in that period of history and have the power to make a difference. Through the study of their behaviors and life, we have got easily access to information of the significant events and trends in history. As we know, we have no time and energy to make sure of all the details of historical events and trends which related to all the classes of a society and thus it is seems wise for the historians in the past to concentrate on and record the activities of those in power such as Kings and generals. Consequently, most ancient historical books are composed of chapters about the activities of different figures such as The Record of the Historian, a book written by Sima Qian, a Han Dynasty historian of China. The principles tend to be more obvious when it comes to history of science and technology, for most momentous discoveries and far-reaching inventions are the achievements of a small group of people.
However, these materials couldn't offer us with an overall and objective image of history. Since the activities of famous individuals sometimes just due to personal appetite and habits, and hereby have no relation to the crucial events and trends. What's worse, important individuals in power may restrict historians to written about him objectively considering personal reputation. Consequently, we should not ignore the profound role the masses play in most significant events and trends. After all, history is composed of numerous of unknown people.

Ordinary people determined the destiny of the nation to great extent and guarantee the victory of significant events and trends in history like wars and revolutions to move on. The incredible strength derived from the union of common people promotes the events and trends forcefully. The victory of a war is not only the result of the conduct of the general but also due to the execution of soldiers most of which is unknown. When we talk about the Great Depression, many people would be reminding of Roosevelt and Roosevelt's New Deal. Whereas, without the endeavors of thousands of common people of the United State, all act will be a mere scrap of paper.
Further analysis reflects the correct relationship between individuals and the masses that it is unreasonable to separate one from the other. Celebrities need to rely on the force of common people to realize their great ambitions, meanwhile the masses need the guide of great ones to lead them to get rid of dilemma and seek for a bright future. Most events and trends in history are the result of cooperation between celebrities and the masses.
In summary, historian should recognize the importance of the famous individuals; while pay more attention to the groups of people whose identities have been long forgotten is equally necessary. If we find a balance in which the famous individuals drive us forward while the groups of people provide the power to us, we will surely get an overall and objective image of history and thus unfold the principles hidden in human history.
本篇文章论点明确，论据也充分，只是希望论据再更具体一些。文中的论据有点一点而过的意思。