综合写作*1,在软件里面打,压着20分钟是390个字,一堆typo和错误,改完变成410个字了,感觉应该少写一点,留出时间来改typo才对
TPO 34 Integrated-the reason of the extinction of the sea cows
In the reading passage, the author argued that the Staller's sea cow which recorded the first one by a European naturalist had started to decline in 1768 and finally vanished. The argument points out three potential reasons to explain the phenomenon. But in the lecture, the speaker challenges these reasons by some patent flaws and gives some supporting information.
The first reason the writer states in the reading passage is the see cows were killed by the hungry people who lived in the harsh environment in Siberia and depended on the sea cow meat for sustaining themselves. However the speaker argued that there were a lot of sea cows in this area at that time and a single sea cow can be nine meters long and ten tons weight. So the locals only needed to kill some sea cows as food for the living matters rather than killed a large number of them. So the speaker concludes that the reason of the extinction of the animal that the native people killed and ate a lot of sea cow is untenable.
Another explanation in the reading is the kelp which is the main food of the sea cows declined because of the ecosystem’s disturbance. Yet the speaker illustrated some other facts. First, in this area the kelp is not the only species, there were also some whales. And the number of whales was not declined as well as there was not have other ecosystem problem. So the number of kelp was not dramatically decreased and the sea cows were not facing the problem of the food shortage.
Finally, the third possibility of the extinction pointed by the author is the European fur traders killed a lot of sea cows by the weapons, leading to the extinction of the sea cows. However the speaker in the listening doubts about such a causal relationship. There is a fact that the time of the fur traders from European arrived at the Siberia is after the number of the sea cows became extinct. So it must be some other factors caused the decline of the sea cows much longer before the traders arrived. Thus the Europeans are not the real reason for the extinction.
Therefore, the explanations of the extinction of the Staller's sea cows in the reading are all denied by the speaker since some contractions and holes. And the real reason for the extinction is still mysterious and need to by carefully examined in the future.
之后阅读材料要减少字数,并且着重听力材料当中的逻辑了。
TPO33
In the reading passage, the author argued that the carved stone balls which found in Scotland have their special meaning and purpose. However the speaker disagrees with the three theories of the stone ball's meaning and purpose that the author has presented. And the speaker illustrates some specific information to support hers argument.
First the writer pointed out that these stone balls may be a kind of weapon since there are some holes in them and some grooves on the surface which can be through by the cords to swing it or throw the stones. But in the listening passage the author points out that if the stones were used as weapon in the ancient time, the stones would be damaged. But the stones found in this site had been well-preserved and without damage. So the first possibility of the purpose of the stone is unconvincing.
Another possibility of the meaning which the writer pointed out is the stones were a kind of tool to be used as a part of the weights and measures system. They have similar size so used as the standard unit of measure is reasonable. Yet the speaker not agrees with the relationship between the uniform size and the purpose. The speaker found that it is true that the size of these stones is similar, but the weights of them are not uniform. In fact, they were different types of stones. For instance, two similar size stone may have totally different weights since their material is not consistent, such as the sand stone, the green stone and the quarts stone. Thus, the second meaning the writer supported is not tenable.
Finally social purpose rather than practical is also challenged by the speaker. Admittedly, there is some design and pattern on these stones, however, these patterns are disparate. Some are more intricate, others are too simple to be used as the status indicator. Moreover, if the stone balls had social meaning, they would be found in the tombs or the gravels. But these balls were not from sites like these. So the social purpose is unsound.
In short, the speech has challenged all theory which the writer pointed out in the reading. And the speaker not only argued hers opinion, but also provide many evidence to support it. And the real meaning and purpose of the stone balls is still mysterious and need to be more carefully examined.