issue同主题写作第五类 8月20-21日

心玉夕颜UID: 3829123

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.



In democratic society, government officials are elected by constituency who support their political position and ideas. In other words, people live in democratic society wield their rights to fulfill sociel responsibility by voting for senators they support. However, politics is not as simple as it seems. The rights to legislate, to acturally run a government, to make political decisions are controled by government officials. Therefore, the balance of power between public and political elites is a tricky thing for every country.


TS1:The power of political leaders and their fellows is enfranchised by their people, but once given the mighty power of run a country, politicians are easily prone to abuse their power to satisfy their desires rather than people's welfare.
Information: Power can produce money.
Elaboration: many politicians cannot refuse the lure of corruption. Desicions made by corrupt politicians usually are not beneficial to most of people's well-being, but benefit a small part of immoral and illicit people.


TS2: Dictatorship is the result of political leaders making decisions only on their own judgment.
Information: In feudal society, people's well-being only relied on whether their emperors or kings were capable of ruling.
Elaboration: nobody can deny their power unless military uprising breaks out.
Nowaday, democracy is a much more superior and advanced political system which is instituted to confine leaders' power. So, if government officials in democratic system rely on their own judgement and ignore the will of the people, it will become another form of dictatorship.

TS3: Normal people don't have the ability of dealiing with political and social problems.
Information: Complete and absolute democracy will also lead to chaos.
Elaboration: If people have the right to decide their social welfare, there is no doubt that they will enhance their welfare while ignoring the heavy burden of economics. Therefore, economic and politic elites are needed to balance and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of every policies they make.


范文：
To begin with, I strongly believe that government officials should consult the public frequently and systematically before introducing important policies.  For one thing, the government officials should always take into account the people’s opinions when developing relevant policies in order to better meet the needs of the people. For example, before the Hong Kong government decides to tighten the ban on smoking in public space, it has run a public consultation for over 3 months to collect people’s opinions on this issue.  A better understanding of what people think about the issue can inform the policy-making process.  In addition, hearing people’s voices on the proposed policy will further legitimize the policy and make it easy for the government to later enforce the policy.  The ban of smoking, for example, would be much easier if the society has reached a consensus about the issue.  

分析：
1、通过conjunction来连接每一个information和elaboration
2、government对policy的制定与people的想法之间的关系来连接整个段落的逻辑顺序。

freefmUID: 3688595

7楼AW
1. 英文里三个以上列举是A, B, and C。
2. couldn't 等在书面语里一般拆开写，can not or could not
3. if officials break the law for gaining satisfaction from people，似乎应该用to gain，表目的
4. it’s the similar situation，it is in .......

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

Many historians would contend that the will of the people is the collect lead of the nation, while some hold the other way. The statement put more weight on the officials’ judgments rather than the will of the public, leaving an impression of absolute canon to me, which calls in doubt for the complexity of the issue.

In the first place, when it comes to national policy, it is obvious that government officials have a more comprehensive and visionary picture than the people who are usually limited to their career or their own cognition. Examples, national construction, national railway blueprint, military construction. In this case, government officials should make decisions basing on their own understanding of the matters.

Secondly, plenty of national plans take decades, even centuries, to result in realistic benefits or economical revenue. Oftentimes, it is hard for citizens to escape their local and limited perspective to consider all general and long-term factors. Examples, Nuclear plants meet a lot of obstacles from residents.

On the other hand, government officials cannot be indulgent in the personal purposes and regardless to the interest of the majority of the society, which means they should follow the will of the people. Such as the self-ego, personal interest…..

Admittedly, it is impossible to example all the circumstances, but, from the discussion above, what we can summary is that whether the government officials follow their own judgement or the will of the people is depending on the specific matter and the circumstances. According to different cases, government officials can make their decisions either from their own understandings of the situations or listen to the voice of the public, or strike a balance from the two aspects.

MorfireUID: 3747042

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

有参考老师范文

There are pros and cons about to what extent government should take citizens’ opinions into account and follow normal people’s instructions. In my opinion, though government, paid by its own people, should consider and consult  taxpayers’ willingness, in order to make the development of the country more cogent and forthcoming, it needs the rights to make and carry out its own policies since general people are not that well-informed of certain disciplines and for many cases, they can hardly receive an agreement.

To begin with, officers in government are especially trained to serve the country. In other words, they are professional in managing the government functions. However,  folks  are prone to overlook those special abilities and knowledge, viewing them as pieces of cake. If government only follow what people say, the country might be weakened because they usually do not have a foresight in terms of country long-term development. For example, government owns many research institutions. Researchers there, well informed by profound knowledge, are capable of giving the optimal advise. Hence, citizens are supposed to trust their government to rely on their own officers and lead the country alone.

Second, demands of the public are often diverse, even though people are talking about a certain issue. While they can hardly bring about a scheme that satisfies everybody with endless argument, the government can terminate the controversy by enforcing its own plan, which is authorized and people who stand on the other side, if not pleased, will accept it eventually. Because when government come up with a project, it has nothing to do with prejudice, but is only about what is the best for the majority. Therefore, government should have the right to impose its own judgement.

Even though people ought to let their government have the freedom to rely on its own judgment, when it comes about people’s own welfare and well-being, it is necessary for government to listen to citizens’ proposals. The relationship between government and people is based on contracts, which means since government is paid by citizens, it has the responsibility to assess their opinions in light of democracy. If a government never listen or care about the public, it inevitably falls into autocracy. Hence, things like welfare and salary, which are significant elements of people's lives, are needed to be seriously taken into account with people’s requirements. Otherwise, like what had happened in the past, government forced people to sacrifice their leisure time and wages to so-called bigger blueprint, which resulted in economic deterioration.

In conclusion, admittedly it is important to let government make its own decisions in cases that people are not so well-informed and can not reach an agreement. Nevertheless, to build a democratic country and fulfill the needs of people, government should still consult the general people.

amber_123UID: 3830001

freefm 发表于 2017-8-21 10:58
7楼AW
1. 英文里三个以上列举是A, B, and C。
2. couldn't 等在书面语里一般拆开写，can not or could  ...

1collect or collective?
2basing-based
3中间段第一和第二段理由people limited to their careers感觉重复了
4中间段第二段例子nuclear plans这个例子有点争议，支持own judgement应该找个大家都认为是正向的例子，nuclear plans可以被认为是政府判断不利的证据
5regardless of
6中间段第三段，作者的观点是政府官员应该听从公众意见，那么他的理由“government officials cannot be indulgent in the personal purposes and regardless to the interest of the majority of the society”，感觉这个理由不太站得住脚，可以换一个更坚固的理由
7关于开头段，王老师的视频教的是1 thesis sentence+3 topic sentences,这里没有topic sentences。此外，thesis sentence可以更直接清楚一点，呼应整篇文章的观点。

很_简单UID: 3742023

Nevertheless（连接词）, the proposed rule（指代前文中的5年下台论点） should apply to government officials who do need to leave their jobs after certain years. One may argue that just like corporate CEOs and university presidents（前文的例子）, it also takes years for a government official to learn to do his/her job well and build his/her reputation（逻辑上的conherence）.??This is true to some extent. But（连接词） it is important to bear in mind that “government, even in its best form, is a necessary evil” as it takes away certain amount of freedom from the citizens in order to preserve peace and order.??As a result（连接词）, the power of the government officials have to be limited through the institutional arrangement that any officials, no matter how competent or reputable they are, have to step down after a certain number of years.??The risk（指代前文中的论点） of having a dictator justifies the cost of reducing the tenure of a capable leader.??

作文提纲

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

开头段
In comtemperary society, government always play a role which serve the people who pay tax to them. Thus, they should maintain the tax payers interests which also garantee the government's authority. In order to serve the people better, some may say that rely on government officials' own judgment will help more. But others argue that one must unquestiontingly carry out general people's will because they are who the government serve. In my opinion, we should simply divide the opinions into to opposite position. We should consider it more exhaustively.

主体段
Firstly, as for development of military, government officals who rely on their own judgment because goverment officals can not always consult general people for suggestion.
Some project shoud keep secret in order to have a further development.

Secondly,  in technology and science field, government also should rely on their own judgment because general people do not have much information to consider the specific field. In these field, mecessary information is of importance to make a right decision such as providing investment or fundings.

Thirdly, although in the military and technology fields, government should depend on themselves to make decision, they may seriously consider general people's appeal in the areas important to people's livelihood  in order to serve them better.  

wanghaitao199391UID: 3704441

issue 104/107
To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards. 想成为一名有效力的领导则,政府官员必须坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
开头段：
A leader is elected by people, so it is important for him/her to serve the citizens who voted. The personalities of leaders have already become a hot topic of discussions. Some people assert that an official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards in order to show an example for others. From my perspective, people with high standard of moral will be more possibly to be good leaders, while those high moral and ethical should not necessarily achieve effectiveness. In some cases, high moral principals sabotage a leader’s effectiveness when they refuse to compromise.
中间段：
TS1.Maintaining high ethical and moral standards can promote a leader’s trust because we are inclined to believe in those who have good personalities and support them. In other words, their effectiveness is usually thought as persuasive as their characters. If a political official is accepted by the citizens, their political goals are more likely to get.
Eg.President Roosevelt gained popularity from his New Deal and contribution during the World War Two.

TS2.However, the high moral standards does not guarantee the effectiveness of a leader, in the same way, the non-possession of high moral is not undoubtedly relate to incompetent.
Eg.this is especially obvious when a country is under emergency. The warring states period in Chinese history is famous of fighting with each other for more resources. The first emperor of Qin Dynasty is the ultimate winner of all these wars, while in history he is described as a cunning and extravagant guy, merciless towards anyone who dear to hinder his action.

TS3.Some may argue that without high moral qualities, the leader will be despised and overthrown. But it is usual that people would put up with a morally despicable leader if his/her moral defects don’t jeopardize the people’s interests.
Eg. The first emperor of Qin Dynasty enjoys a lot of fame due to his reunion of China. The ruin of Qin Dynasty is actually caused by abusing citizens.

TS4. Last, sometimes, adhering to the highest moral standards backfires, because some of the standards, such as integrity and honesty, placing the national interest in jeopardy.
Eg. If President Roosevelt did not withhold militarily secret during the World War Two, the Anti-Fascist League would not win the War, and the world would be trapped by depravity.
分析范文
https://www.economist.com/news/l ... as-no-grasp-what-it
Donald Trump has no grasp of what it means to be president
U-turns, self-regard and equivocation are not what it takes

DEFENDERS of President Donald Trump offer two arguments in his favour—that he is a businessman who will curb the excesses of the state; and that he will help America stand tall again by demolishing the politically correct taboos of left-leaning, establishment elites. From the start, these arguments looked like wishful thinking. After Mr Trump’s press conference in New York on August 15th they lie in ruins.

拒绝失学UID: 3827856

69. Some people believe it is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. Others believe that the public has a right to be fully informed.

Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.

Intro
Every country will be confronted with a lot of issues, both external and internal, and some of these affairs may be quite thorny. Indeed, it is always controversial among the people whether the government should conceal some information in order that keep the society in order. It seems to me that the two sides base their claim on different foundations, one focusing on the consequence, another on the justifiability of the deed itself. Therefore, in order to analyze such a question in a further way, let us clarify whether their claim can be verifiable regarding their assumptions.

Ts1
The supporters of the claim that the government should withhold information from the public may fear that if the information is revealed, then the whole society will be chaotic.
e.g. earthquake; the rising of house prices
However, no one can predict the consequence accurately. So, it is not tenable to base our decision on the consequence.

Ts2
On the other hand, such an assumption is invalid, since it ignores the power of education.
e.g.: gay marriage, the concept of public sphere

Ts3
On the other hand, those who claim that no matter what will happen, the government should make the information public may maintain that no one can be sure that he can solve the problem, including the government, and maybe the general public would hold a possible solution. In fact, this is exactly the reason why we cherish the freedom of speech and publication.
e.g.: Mill <on liberty>

Ts2
On the other hand, such an assumption is invalid, since it ignores the power of education. If we put a further consideration on the claim, we would find that it is because we assume that people will be overwhelmed by fear and passion, thus lacking the ability of reasoning, that we reach the conclusion that the society will be chaotic once we reveal the information. Yet, rationality is not something inborn but acquired. That is to say, no one can think in a right way without education. It is generally thought that education can lessen the gap between people and inject an atmosphere of equality into the society. Take an issue like gay marriage for example. In the past, we used to be loath to homosexual people. Nonetheless, thanks to education and thorough debates, we are getting increasingly familiar with such a group of individuals. Specifically, we should strive to construct a public sphere, even in a form of media, where we can share respective opinions and debate equally. In such a way, the whole society can form shared value and information, thus contradicting the assumption that people lacks rationality.

分析
The expansion of empty administration has some up sides. By showing universities are willing to keep up with the latest management fads and fashions, they gain credibility in the eyes of business and government. Empty administration makes some members of the university feel good about themselves.  \\ But empty administration also comes at a significant cost. It is expensive, it is disheartening, and often it diverts universities from their core tasks. Instead of educating students, doing research and contributing to broader society, universities end up developing policies, ticking boxes and trying to climb up rankings.

猜ccUID: 3828818

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

大纲采用的是分类法，讨论衡量public will的三种方法存在的问题。

The will of people, also called general will, is a concept put forward by Rousseau, a philosopher in the Enlightenment, to fight against authoritarian and to ensure the freedom of the individual. It refers to the decision or opinion agreed by all the society or by the preponderance. However, it's more of an ideal state, because we can hardly know every people's view about every single public issue, and it's also harder for all the people to reach a consensus in every matter. In reality, what we usually use to measure the will of the public is voting, investigation or survey and the most popular viewpoints on the Internet. Considering that these three ways are always misleading, I back the recommendation that government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than enforcing the public will without questioning.

TS1: The decisions made by voting can be unreliable because the procedure remains lots of flaws.
1.1 sometimes many people wouldn't participate in voting. American presidential election in 2016, 55% voted, about30% supporting Trump.
1.2 it's often the case that voters barely know about the candidates. In China, the election of the deputy to the National People's Congress. In America, people only know candidates from TV debates. It just shows their screen image and public speaking skills.
1.3 voters change their standpoint very easily, like getting some bribery from the candidate.

TS2: The answers collected through investigations and surveys may also be deceptive sometimes because investigations are not well representative of the majority and the survey’s format can get wrong answers from people.
Investigation: only engage with a small number of people. Not very often used.
survey: assumes that there is no other possibilities except the choices it gave and also suppose that people will be honest in their answers; it's also unfriendly for those poor-educated people, because of the abstract questions.

TS3: Those popular expressions on the Internet would be more obfuscating because of the silencing effect of the social media.
Any people who dare to say something different will be criticized or even be condemned by irrational and impulsive Internet users.

感想和困惑：
我现在是一边倒的观点，不知道这样符不符合instruction的要求，因为我在构思的时候本来还想到了第四种衡量公意的方法，就是经过公共领域中理性、开放、完全的探讨之后，公众达成一致的意见，这种情况下的公意政府应该执行。这样就是3正一反，但又不知道应不应该加进去以及怎么加进去。

分析的范文：
经济学人8.19文章Reviving traditional culture——Making history，The Communist Partyis trying to redefine what it means to be Chinese文章节选：
……China is undergoing a cultural renaissance, much of it government-sponsored.
For most of its history the Communist Party wanted to smash China’s past, not celebrate it. Duringthe Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s it sought to overturn the “four olds”: old customs, old culture, old habits and old ideas. Temples, mansions and tombstones were ravaged, along with any artifacts or people associated with the bourgeois way of life. Small wonder that Communist ideology lost its appeal. The blistering pace of change in recent decades has kindled an anxiety that China is suffering from moral decay and a concomitant yearning for a revival of ancient values. The government is harnessing those feelings, using ancient rites and customs to spread favored values.
Since coming to power in 2012 Xi Jinping, the president, has intensified efforts to build what he refers to as “cultural confidence”. In an extraordinary denial of its legacy, the Communist Party has taken to presenting itself as “the faithful heir” of traditional Chinese culture. “Our civilization has developed in an unbroken line from ancient to modern times,” Mr Xi declared in 2012. In January the government sought to codify its attempts to “preserve” traditional culture by outlining a vast array of policies that local and national officials should advance.
  Individual elements of the policy to promote “the integration of leisure life and traditional cultural development” sound rather benign. Taken together, however, they constitute an attempt to infuse daily life with a sanitized and government-sanctioned version of Chinese culture. The intention, as in so much that Mr Xi does, is to secure the enduring power of the Communist Party.

点评16楼：
结构还有待完善：
1.首段没有给出对recommendation的明确态度，只是在末尾点出关系很复杂。是不是可以稍微总结下你的三个分段的主题句，提炼出你的基本态度。比如你认为官员到底应不应该完全执行public will，你是考虑到哪些因素才有这样的结论。
2.中心句1政治家容易滥用权力，中心句2极权是政治领导者只依赖自己决定的结果，中心句3普通人没有处理政治问题的能力。1和2似乎讲的是一样的问题，1，2，3整体上有点自相矛盾。
3.中心句还可以再精炼，再贴合主题一点。比如你现在首段提出来讨论的是公众和政治精英的复杂关系，那第一段中心句其实可以改成politicians are prone to abuse power, which will do a great harm to public welfare.

补昨天的建议：
1. 觉得现在大家的点评热情没有之前那么高了，老师能否适当增加一些福利给每次认真点评的同学，以此鼓励大家点评？比如每次贴出上次点评认真的ID，上榜几次可以获得老师的针对性意见，这种针对性意见可以是综合个人之前写的文章，指出一些问题和建议等。
2. 老师对提纲的修改能否分一个等级，ABC这种，总之就是可以让大家知道哪些已经比较完善，适合写成全文，哪些逻辑上还有一定问题需要修改，哪些有严重偏题需要重新构思等等。

bio-LUID: 3788600

issue 8/111/149
In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.

1.        老领导可以继续的一般情况
老领导容易出一系列的问题，比如腐败corruption，而新的领导可以带来好的思想。
影响:规定不适应的情况 领导能力出众，没有合适的替代者
2.        动荡的情况
需要新领导， ensure 发展和创新。
但是在一些时候反而需要老领导：维持稳定时 比如政治经济等
。
3.        在不同领域的情况
政治，随时在变，经济，随时在变。新领导可以让经济跟上潮流，让政治符合人心
education（效果慢）
4.        总结：有必要退位，但分情况
  因为事态发展，人的思想不一定跟得上。但没必要硬性规定五年退位，因为不同的时候可能有不同的需求，不同的行业决定不同的退位时间。

To argue that in  any domain people must  resign after 5 years in power, others may proffer  many reasons. However, in different conditions of candidates, domains or companies and countries, we may have the specific and varied choice whether a leader should still stay or not.

Nevertheless, the proposed rule should apply to government officials who do need to leave their jobs after certain years. One may argue that just like corporate CEOs and university presidents, it also takes years for a government official to learn to do his/her job well and build his/her reputation.  This is true to some extent. But it is important to bear in mind that “government, even in its best form, is a necessary evil” as it takes away certain amount of freedom from the citizens in order to preserve peace and order. As a result, the power of the government officials have to be limited through the institutional arrangement that any officials, no matter how competent or reputable they are, have to step down after a certain number of years.  The risk of having a dictator justifies the cost of reducing the tenure of a capable leader.  

Moreover, we should consider the consume ability of students as well. If we could penetrate students to study in other country, it is reasonable. But if we can't, the requiring may jeopardize students who are not so rich. It is because they may live in a hard condition in other country and feel frustrating to their daily. Then they have no mood to study and their score becomes shameful. Or they would choose to work after learning, it also impedes them to concentrate their notice on study and jeopardize their learning effect.

对于issue 8， 我分conditions的原因很简单:分领域找不到例子……

点评20楼：
对于the risk，我认为不是cohesion的。
框架没有指出哦，不过应该是分类讨论的吧。首段啰嗦了，应该是一句话概括完题目要求，再表达自己的观点，并将主旨句表述在首段中哦。这样写会容易（展开）些。
开头第一句的which从句可用of  代替，第二句的which 前加“，”更好点，因为指代的是一句话。

GoldenStringUID: 3787185

62 .Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
提纲：第二种引进新conceps
TS:When talking about the leaders who mean the most standout people in one certain field, we all want to know the secret of becoming leaders. I don't argue that leaders are totally decided by the demands that placed on them. In most cases , what enables people to be leaders is their  strong communication skills, suitable qualifications and extensive experiences.


ts1:Strong communication skills are of great necessity to become a leader. Take the president who is the leader of one country as an example.First of all, in the daily work ,the president should communicate with various departments to deal with all kinds of the official affairs .Besides, keeping a close contact with people,delivering thoughts to people and listening to the voice of people are of great importance to be a qualified leader of one country who is willing to do practical things for people.What's more, the president  who stands for the whole country must master excellent diplomatic skills to communicate with other countries for the international exchange and corporation. It goes without saying that such strong communication skills would qualify people for leaders in the fields.


ts2:Apart from the Strong communication, leaders also need enough relevant learning and training to own suitable expertise and extensive experiences that are significant to qualify them for leaders.
eg:Most presidents are graduated from the law school or the business school where they learn a lot of laws and regulations and how to manage the public finance.
Meanwhile, they have worked as representives who take part in all kinds of the country's affairs and decision-making.
They also have served in the public sector where enable them to have chances to have experience of dealing with the similar positions.

Michelangelo，an outstanding leader in the art field during the Italian Renaissance.
training to acquire perfect drawing skills and expertise.( Dranging eggs Story)


ts3:Compered with strong communications , suitable qualifications and extensive experiences,  demands that people place on leaders are not a necessary factor of being leaders. whether the demands placed on leaders are necessary or not depends on the fields of leaders. For example, during the presidential election , people are willing to vote for those who can satisfy their demands for a leader who will develop economy and lower unemployment. Nevertheless, in the field of art, one becomes a leader before meeting the demands that placed on him most because of his suitable qualifications and expertise, such as Michelangelo.

老师范文段连贯性分析：
<On the other hand>,       {  there are exceptional circumstances in which ordinary people may become  (leaders )    while trying to address the    ( demands)      at the moment.  }
On September 11, 2001, after three planes were hijacked and crashed to WTO twin towers and the Pentagon, the passengers of United Airline Flight 93 revolted against the hijackers and successfully diverted the airplane from the route to Washington D.C. where the hijackers planned to crash the airplane to the White House. We do not have details about the passengers’ heroic acts but it is safe to believe that some courageous passengers and crew members had responded to the emergency    (demands)       for   ( leadership )    after knowing the terrorist attacks that had happened earlier that day.
  These ordinary men and women became   (leaders of a historical anti-terrorist )    mission without any prior training and experiences.
{Their (leadership )   was created by the    (demands)   placed on them and will be remembered in history.  }


点评五楼：
1）作者提纲还可以，调理清晰有序。
2）作者例子觉得挺丰富的，但是你那个外界环境决定领导者地位的例子用了美国在第二次世界大战后开始领导全球称霸我觉得不够完善！为什么美国会因为第二次世界大战后开始其领导地位，以及罗斯福新政为什么只有在那个背景下才可以成功，这个你没有讲。
3）作者语言没有什么太大差错，就不过多评价了~

长长的冬瓜糖UID: 3817701

丽丽酱香饼 发表于 2017-8-20 17:35
issue 8/111/149
In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in powershould  ...

同学请问你是看的什么素材呢？感觉现在列提纲没思路然后有了一个思路想不到具体可以支撑的例子~谢谢！~

天行九歌UID: 3653380

issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.

Whether or not unquestioningly carry out the will of the people,and to what extent the government officials should rely on their own judgements,in my opinion,this all depends on the different situation and could not be considered equally .I’d like to take three aspects that government is in charge as an illustration. If it’s for the military purpose,it may be understandable that government behave according to their own judgement.However,when it comes to the economics and education,the civil’s voices must be taken care very seriously.
First of all,military strength is directly connected with the country’s fate,and many policies need to be conducted without the whole country’s awareness.For instance,in the marginal area,there are always trades or conflicts happening frequently,the soilders who guard the coast line and land border not only to maintain the peace there,but also have to consider how will their behavior affect the international situation of our relationship with other country and our position and appeareance to the other country.Thus,it’s natural for them to get order directly from the center of our country without the people’s permission,because people usually know less about the central instructer’s secret(as a result of keep country’s secret from the foreign country).
Nevertheless,economics situation will largely influence the people’s life and the jobs that are available to them,it’s indispensible for them to vote for the related important government policy.People’s life style and their living standard is hardly distant from the government’s policy,since people need to give taxes to the country,and the price and currency’s value is decided by the financial policy,meanwhile the economics’ situation will directly influence the occupation available to the people.Take an example of the big bust happened in the 2008，people’s life is largely influenced by that stake,the whole nation urges the country to make suitable policy to face this risk,which reduce the bad condition and appeal the people’s loss.
In addition,education is the most important part in determining how the country will develop and cultivating talented people for the country,thus could be unignorable for the consideration of people’s opionion.For example,in China,the test for the whole country’s student to get access to the university is regared as one of the most important thing for the Chinese education.However,as a result of the old policy of the last century,several of them are not suited to the current condition but the government leader knows little about this.At that time,people’s opinion plays an important role in the change of the old policy,such as changing the percentage of  the grades of certain subject in the whole test,or increase some other aspects,from this angle,people’s opinions really assist the government to make decisions.
In conclusion,for some aspects of the government policy,people’s perspectives and opinions are unforgettable and sometimes may be decisive,while for other aspects,it’s important for the government to make their own decision and not be disturbed by the people’s view.But,admittedly,it’s always significant to give people a plausible reason for their policies

MaggieLLLLLLUID: 3827790

16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.

Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
       
   In today’s democratic world, the role of political leaders has never been more critical as it guides people the way when more and more free thoughts have emerged. Some consider leaders who can compromise to general public’s opinions as great and with high efficiency, while others applaud leaders who can stick to certain principles without wavering. From my own perspective, those two views are all partially correct because a good political leader should maintain the balance between adhering to certain principles and taking into account the public interests.
   TS1: A good leader shall never neglect his or her people’s voices. After all, ensuring citizens’ welfare should always be put as one of the top priorities. The importance of listening to the public: e.g. Hong Kong’s ban of smoking
     
   TS2: However, blindly follow what general public think could arouse some problems when most of the citizens lack the proper knowledge, experience and information to make comprehensive judgements. E.g. GM food
   
    TS3: Unfortunately, there may be chances that the public opinions are actually contradicts with the specific principles, in that case the political leaders should consider the specific issue carefully and find the balance with the help of other institutions under the legal framework. After all, the most basic principle should be to bring the better good to its citizens and people.
E.g. the Roosevelt New deal: economists
  

 

TaylorWUID: 3668665

issue 62 leaders are created by demands

Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.


TS： The fact that a leader’s name is always imbedded with certain historical events he/she strived leaves us an typical impression that it is the demands made one a leader .There is no wonder that demands challenge people and offer chances for potential ones to be leaders. While the statement seems to suggest that circumstances can make anyone a leader by simply place the demands on him/her. Such implication overlooked the very factor that a one process certain qualities to become a leader.

Pt1: The demands that are placed on him/ her challenge one to be a leader.
- During the great depression, Roosevelt carried out The Roosevelt New Deal and saved the U.S from bankruptcy.
- During industrial revolution, with horse-drawn cabs cannot fit people’s demand, Karl Benz invented the first motorized vehicle.

Pt2: However, the statement seems to suggest that anybody can become a leader if demands are placed on him or her, which is unwarranted.
-Among thousands of sprinters who wants to break the world record but there is only one Bolt who became a legend.
-Among millions of people there was only one person, Martin Luther King, who stood up for slaves.


Pt3: One must possess certain qualities to make a leader.
-Roosevelt has talents in biology, history, laws and military. He keep reading and acquire knowledge as a habit before saving the American economy.
-Karl Benz worked as an apprentice, a construction worker before he start his first business but end up as broke. However he didn’t give up. He became the leader of the cars empire.

我的中间段及连贯性分析

Pt1: To start with, the demands that are placed on him/her provide a certain circumstance for the potential person to be elected as a leader. In the early 19th century, American involved in a horrible economic crisis, the great depression. Roosevelt, the politics who can always turn around the bad situation, won the election. During his presidency, he came up with the Roosevelt New Deal which offered the America a second chance to revive. Roosevelt didn’t came from crowd, he was a governor before election. The crisis just give him a chance to be the leader. However the leader proved himself for times before huge crisis breaks, and it is the crisis engrave his name in history. Same story happened in business. During industrial revolution, horse-drawn cabs can no longer satisfied people's demand on transportation. Karl Benz and his motorized vehicle came into people's sight. Soon he became the leader of Cars Empire. While what beyond people's mind is that Karl Benz had his prototype for car seven years ago before that. So the demand never made a leader, it challenge a qualified individual to be a leader.


新闻连贯性分析：

Britain Calls on EU to Move Brexit Talks Forward
VOA
LONDON —
Brexit minister David Davis called on the European Union on Sunday to relax its position that the two sides must first make progress on a divorce settlement before moving on to discussing future relations.
After a slow start to negotiations to unravel more than 40 years of union, Britain is pressing for talks to move beyond the divorce to offer companies some assurance of what to expect after Britain leaves the EU in March 2019.
This week, the government will issue five new papers to outline proposals for future ties, including how to resolve any future disputes without "the direct jurisdiction of the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ)", Davis said.
"I firmly believe the early round of the negotiations have already demonstrated that many questions around our withdrawal are inextricably linked to our future relationship," Davis wrote in the Sunday Times newspaper.
"Both sides need to move swiftly on to discussing our future partnership, and we want that to happen after the European Council in October," he wrote, saying the clock was ticking.
EU officials have said there must be "sufficient progress" in the first stage of talks on the rights of expatriates, Britain's border with EU member Ireland and a financial settlement before they can consider a future relationship.


That has frustrated British officials, who say that until there has been discussion of future ties, including a new customs arrangement and some way of resolving any future disputes, they cannot solve the Irish border issue or financial settlement, two of the more difficult issues in the talks.
"There are financial obligations on both sides that will not be made void by our exit from the EU," Davis wrote. "We are working to determine what these are - and interrogating the basis for the EU's position, line by line, as taxpayers would expect us to do." He said the Brexit ministry would "advance our thinking further" with the new papers next week.
On the role of the ECJ, Davis said Britain's proposals would be based on "precedents" which do not involve the "direct jurisdiction" of the court, which is hated by many pro-Brexit ministers in the governing Conservative Party.
EU officials say the court should guarantee the rights of EU citizens living or working in Britain after Brexit.
"Ultimately, the key question here is how we fairly consider and solve disputes for both sides," Davis wrote.


我来点评其他网友
楼层： 25

1）____网友提纲的框架是否合理？
作者提纲先补充了leader的定义，然后赞同了demand的重要性，然后分类三个角度strong communication skills, suitable qualifications and extensive experiences展开成为leader的因素
我觉得这个角度阐述路子很宽 不像我局限在demand和leader是否有必然性之间论证很受限 这个思路对我很有启发 同时我也比较担心这个思路会不会因为对demand论证少转而论证strong communication skills, suitable qualifications and extensive experiences而被认为跑偏。因为如果题目说only demand成就了leader这样开展文章是绝对没问题的。希望老师能给予意见因为我很看好作者这个思路特别宽好写。而且这个思路对其他题目也有启发性。
2）____网友提纲所用的例子是否合适？
例子都合适的 只有Dranging eggs Story这个不清楚是不是打错字了 如果是画鸡蛋的故事不是Michelangelo 是 Leonardo Da Vinci 而且这个故事不知道在老外那边知名度有没有中国高

3）____网友开头段语言方面有哪些问题？  
语言言简意赅 思路清晰 没有语言问题 手动点赞！

国产耗子UID: 3484678

经济学人文章
TWELVE years ago Hurricane Katrina exposed the flood defences in New Orleans as a cruel joke. The floods unleashed by the storm marinated people's homes in fetid seawater and rendered much of the city uninhabitable for months. Since then, local and federal officials (the floodbanks that protect the city are designed by, built by and paid for by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers) have mostly been focused on making the low-lying, bowl-shaped city less vulnerable to a repeat of that catastrophe. Though the new hurricane defences have barely been tested so far, they are thought to be far superior to those that failed in 2005.

However, the focus on hurricanes seems to have led officials to neglect a far more pedestrian threat. Earlier this month, the city was sorely tested by thunderstorms, which hit New Orleans on just about any summer afternoon. On August 5th, around 25 centimetres (10 inches) of rain fell in just over three hours, flooding several neighbourhoods. Days after the flooding, with more rain forecast, Mayor Mitch Landrieu admitted that most flood defences were inactive, prompting John Bel Edwards, the governor of Louisiana, to declare a state of emergency. Schools closed; citizens were advised to leave their cars on higher ground where possible.

The episode highlights the inadequacy of the city’s ancient flood defences and the negligence of its officials in looking after them. New Orleans is still protected by a system of screw pumps invented by Albert Baldwin Wood just before the first world war. These pumps allowed the city's swamplands, most of which had previously been too wet to build upon, to be settled during the 1920s. Today, most of the pumps are still powered by steam turbines that operate on a frequency abandoned by most utilities around the time of World War II.
Though ancient, the pumps should prevent thunderstorms, if not hurricanes, from turning into existential threats. ......

提纲：issue 50: Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unquestioningly carry out the will of the people they serve.


When it comes to high-tech area, Public are not as professional as government.
-军事／外贸／外交

It is not easy to satisfy most of the people they serve.
-众口难调，民意难一致
-民意不一定明智

Government is working for their people, they should hear the suggestion and feeling from people and then make decision.
-当政府失职，有权弹劾：韩国总统

点评27楼：
这三个方面分的好棒，思路赞！语言基础也很好，我要好好学习：）