- 最后登录
- 2009-8-18
- 在线时间
- 1 小时
- 寄托币
- 9158
- 声望
- 7
- 注册时间
- 2006-2-17
- 阅读权限
- 100
- 帖子
- 12
- 精华
- 4
- 积分
- 3041
- UID
- 2187862
 
- 声望
- 7
- 寄托币
- 9158
- 注册时间
- 2006-2-17
- 精华
- 4
- 帖子
- 12
|
Ohio State University
The Ohio State University is a coeducational public research university in the U.S. state of Ohio. The university was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and is currently the third largest university in the United States. Ohio State is currently ranked by US News and World Report as the best public university in Ohio.[1] Although Ohio operates a decentralized system of higher education, Ohio State is widely considered both within Ohio and outside of its borders to be the flagship institution of the state’s higher education system.
Ohio State's main campus is located in Columbus, Ohio. The university also maintains regional campuses located in Lima, Mansfield, Marion, and Newark. Additionally Ohio State operates a small campus and research facility at Gibraltar Island (Stone Lab), and an agricultural research institute in Wooster.
The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College was founded in 1870 as a land-grant university in accordance with the Morrill Act of 1862. Initially, it was thought that one of Ohio's two existing public universities (Ohio University and Miami University) would be designated as the land-grant institution, and each engaged in a vigorous competition to win over the state legislature. With the strong urging of Governor Rutherford B. Hayes, however, it was ultimately decided to establish a new university to be located near the legislature in Columbus. The school was originally situated within a farming community located on the northern edge of Columbus, and was intended to matriculate students of various agricultural and mechanical disciplines. From its inception, a contentious debate was waged between those in favor of broadening the university's focus to encompass the liberal arts and sciences and those who favored a more limited focus. The former ("broad-gauge" faction was led by university trustee Joseph Sullivant. An 1873 vote passed by a narrrow 8-7 margin in favor of broadening the spectrum of educational offerings to seven fields of study: agriculture, ancient languages, chemistry, geology, mathematics, modern languages, and physics. Later that year, the university welcomed its first class of twenty-four students, including three women. In 1878, and in light of its expanded focus, the college permanently changed its name to the now-familiar "The Ohio State University."
A second key factor in Ohio State's early years was the role of former President Rutherford B. Hayes who, a decade earlier, had lobbied strenuously as Governor for the university's founding. Upon returning to Ohio in 1881, the former President both joined the university's board of trustees and spent the next decade using his considerable political influence to lobby for the university's interests. By 1891, Ohio State had grown to a degree that Governor James E. Campbell recommended a permanent levy on the tax duplicate to support its continued growth. The significant role that the fledgling university was beginning to play within the state was underscored by the fact that this proposal passed without opposition.[2]
Ohio State began accepting graduate students in the 1880's, with the university awarding its first master's and doctoral degrees in 1886 and 1890 respectively. 1891 saw the founding of Ohio State's law school.
In 1906, Ohio State President William Oxley Thompson along with the university's supporters in the state legislature put forth the Lybarger Bill with the aim of shifting virtually all higher education support to the continued development of Ohio State while funding only the "normal school" functions of Miami and Ohio University. Although the Lybarger Bill failed narrowly to gain passage, in its place was passed the compromise Eagleson Bill, which determined that all doctoral education and research functions would be the role of Ohio State and that the two older institutions would not offer instruction beyond the master's degree level. This arrangement would stand for the next fifty years until population growth had necessitated additional Ph.D programs in the state.
In 1914, Ohio State's college of medicine was formed through a merger with Starling medical college. That year also saw the founding of Ohio State's School of Dentistry. In 1916, the board of trustees approved the formation of a College of Commerce and Journalism.
Subsequently, Ohio State's solidifying of its role as the state's flagship, comprehensive university was fairly rapid, as demonstrated by its 1916 induction into the prestigious Association of American Universities. To date, it remains the only public university in Ohio to be extended AAU membership. This momentum was further accelerated by Governor Harry L. Davis, who in his 1921 inaugural address declared that, "In Ohio State University the commonwealth has an educational institution which should become the largest and best state institution in the United States. This is evidenced by the development of the institution in recent years, and I desire specifically to ask the co-operation of the General Assembly in the effort which I propose to make to help Ohio State University to attain that goal in the not too distant future." He subsequently shepherded a one-eighth of a mil tax levy through the legislature to fund a university building fund. Seventy-two percent of the funds were earmarked for Ohio State University with the remainder split between Miami University and Ohio University.[3] By decade's end, the university's enrollment stood at 15,126 a more than four-fold increase from just twenty years prior.
Rankings and Recognition
Ohio State was the first university in Ohio to be extended membership into the prestigious Association of American Universities in 1916 and remains the only public university in Ohio among the organization's sixty members. The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001) by Howard and Matthew Greene listed Ohio State as one of a select number of public universities offering the highest educational quality.
US News and World Report’s widely read rankings of undergraduate colleges in America currently places Ohio State as the 21st ranked public university in America, the 60th ranked overall university in America and the highest ranked public university in Ohio.
The Center at the University of Florida’s detailed analysis and rankings of American universities currently places Ohio State as the 29th ranked university in America, the 11th ranked public university in America and the top overall university in Ohio. Of their nine ranking criteria, Ohio State ranked in the top-25 in three categories and between 26-50 in an additional five categories.[4]
US News ranks the undergraduate program at Ohio State's Fisher School of Business 17th in America and the top undergraduate business school in Ohio. The graduate program of the Fisher School is ranked 21st in America and the top graduate school of business in Ohio. The Ohio State law school is ranked by US News as the top law school in Ohio and 39th overall in America. Ohio State's medical school is ranked as the top public medical school in Ohio and 32nd overall for research and 33rd for primary care. US News ranks Ohio State's undergraduate engineering program as the 28th best program in America and the top undergraduate engineering program in Ohio. Its graduate program in engineering is ranked 26th in the country and highest in Ohio.
Ohio State's political science department is ranked thirteenth in the country by US News & World Report, with the American politics section 5th, international politics 12th and political methodology 10th. A study by The London School of Economics ranked it as the fourth best political science department in the world. Foreign Policy Magazine recently ranked it as the 15th best Ph.D. program in the country for the study of international relations while noting Professor Alexander Wendt as the third most influential scholar of international relations in the world.
In a study by industry publication Dance Teacher, a survey of 100 dance department chairs in the United States and Canada ranked Ohio State's Department of Dance as the top ranked graduate program and the second ranked undergraduate program in North America.
Faculty and Research
Ohio State’s faculty currently includes a Nobel Prize winning physicist as well as twenty members of the National Academy of Sciences or National Academy of Engineering and seven fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
In a 2006 report released by the National Science Foundation, Ohio State’s research expenditures for 2004 were 518 million dollars, placing it 9th among public universities and 15th overall. Ohio State's 284.6 million dollars in federally funded reserch placed it 24th among all American universities. It also ranked 6th among all American universities for private industry sponsored research in science and engineering.[5] For the 2004-2005 academic year, Ohio State received 553 million dollars in research awards.
Admissions and Tuition
Undergraduate admissions to Ohio State are classified as “more selective” by US News & World Report and The Princeton Review. The 2005 freshman class had the following composition: students graduating in the top 10% of their high school class (42%); the top 20% of their high school class (69%); the top 30% of their high school class (86%); the top 40% of their high school class (95%) the top 50% of their high school class (98%). 18% of the freshman class scored in the top 3% of the SAT or ACT, while 56% scored in the top 15%.[6] Ohio State’s freshman class has admitted over 100 National Merit Scholars for nine of the last ten years.[7]
Tuition for full-time, Ohio residents attending Ohio State for the 2005-2006 academic year is $8,082. This places it, for Ohio residents, as the fifth most expensive college among Ohio's thirteen public four-year universities.[8]
Endowment and Fundraising
Ohio State was among the first group of public universities to raise a billion dollar endowment when it passed the one billion dollar mark in 1999. At year’s end 2005, Ohio State’s endowment stood at 1.73 billion dollars ranking it seventh among public universities and twenty-seventh among all American universities.[9]
In recent decades, and in response to continually shrinking state funding, Ohio State has conducted two significant multi-year fund raising campaigns. The first concluded in 1987 and raised 460 million dollars—a record at the time for a public university. The “Affirm Thy Friendship Campaign” took place between 1995 and 2000. With an initial goal of raising 850 million dollars, the campaign’s final tally was 1.23 billion dollars, placing Ohio State among the small group of public universities to have successfully conducted a billion dollar campaign.
Ohio State's main urban campus is located in Columbus. Its 1755 acres are approximately 2.5 miles north of the city's downtown. Four buildings are currently listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Enarson Hall, Hayes Hall, Ohio Stadium, and Orton Hall. Architecture on the Ohio State campus does not conform to a unifying theme such as gothic revival or georgian but rather is an eclectic mix of traditional, modern and post-modern styles.
The William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, anchoring the western end of The Oval, is the Ohio State library's main branch and single largest repository. Overall, Ohio State operates the 18th largest university research library in North America with a combined collection of over 5.8 million volumes. Additionally, the libraries receive approximately 35,000 serial titles on a regular basis. Its recent aquisitions were 16th among university research libraries in North America.[10] Ohio State's library system encompasses twenty-one libraries located on its Columbus campus. An additional eight branches are located at off-campus research facilities and the regional campuses. In all the Ohio State library system encompasses fifty-five branches and specialty collections. Some of the more significant collections include The Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program containing the Archives of Admiral Richard E. Byrd as well as a significant collection of polar research materials, The Hilander Research Library which contains the world's largest collection of medieval Slavic manuscripts on microform, The Ohio State Cartoon Research Library, which is the world's largest repository of original cartoons, The Lawrence and Lee Theatre Research Institute and the archives of Senator John Glenn.
Anchoring the traditional campus gateway at the eastern end of The Oval, is the Wexner Center for the Arts. Designed by architects Peter Eisenman of New York and Richard Trott of Columbus, the center opened in 1989. Its founding was financed in large part by Ohio State alumnus Leslie Wexner with a gift of twenty-five million dollars in the 1980's. The center was founded to be a comprehensive visual arts center encompassing all aspects of visual and performing arts with a focus on new commisions and artist residencies. Its groundbreaking deconstructivist architecture has resulted in it being lauded as one of the most important buildings of its generation. Its design has also been criticized as proving less than ideal for many of the art installations that it has attempted to display. The centerpiece of The Wexner Center's permanent collection is Picasso's Nude on a Black Armchair, which was purchased by Leslie Wexner at auction for forty-five million dollars and then donated to the university.
The Ohio State College of Medicine is located on the southern edge of the central campus. It is home to the James Cancer Hospital, a cancer research institute and one of the National Cancer Institute's thirty-nine comprehensive cancer centers, along with the Richard M. Ross Heart Hospital, a research institute for cardiovascular disease.
Residential Life
Ohio State operates 31 on-campus residence halls divided into three geographic clusters: South Campus (site of the university's original dormitories), North Campus (largely constructed during the post-war enrollment boom) and Olentangy Area or "The Towers." Within the residence hall system are 40 smaller living and learning environments defined by social or academic considerations. Ohio State also offers five honors residence halls: Bradley Hall, Lincoln House, Siebert Hall, Taylor Tower and Worthington House.
Seperate housing for graduate and professional students is maintained on the Southern tier of campus near the medical complex. Family housing is maintained at Buckeye Village at the far northern edge of campus beyond the athletic complex. At the university's southeast corner along High Street, and across from the Moritz College of Law, new apartments have been built for law students in conjunction with the areas Campus Gateway project. |
|
GO
发表于 2006-7-11 13:12:32
发表于 2006-7-11 13:34:21
发表于 2006-7-12 03:11:36
转发
