请教2道语法

52074653UID: 2118284

The scientific writings of Edward O.Wilson, Stephen JAY, and Richard, which    has continued the discussion of genetic issues raised by Charles Darwin, are familiar to many high school and college students.
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答案是B，为什么？为什么不是A，应该改成who我认为


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Contrasting with   most other fifteenth-century rulers, Portuguese kings could  count on the support of the aristocracy in any overseas ventures.

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答案是A，应该contrast with 用主动也可以啊？。。。

我选的D，因为后面是复数，前面是ANY？。。。

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gugudaUID: 2245247

1. scientific writings 是主语  所以后面 which， has 也就不对了
+ s' [$ |/ I( _& u6 i2. 意思是把葡国王和其他国王比 被动的关系 所以contrasted with