14个敏感专业

DajUID: 18915

发信人: tomwhite (椰子:可爱多!), 信区: AdvancedEdu
标  题: 14个敏感专业
发信站: 瀚海星云 (Thu Mar 27 02:53:43 2003)


1. CONVENTIONAL MUNITIONS:  

Technologies associated with
  warhead and other large caliber projectiles, reactive armor and
  warhead defeat systems, fusing, and arming systems.

2. NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY:  

This section covers technologies
  associated with the production and use of nuclear material for both
  peaceful and military applications.  Included are technologies for
  enrichment of fissile material, for reprocessing irradiated nuclear
  fuel to recover produced platinum, production of heavy water for
  moderator material, plutonium and tritium handling, as well as
  certain associated technologies related to high energy physics.  It
  includes research and poser reactors, breeder and production
  reactors, fissile or special nuclear materials; uranium enrichment,
  including gaseous diffusion, centrifuge, aerodynamics, chemical,
  electromagnetic isotopic separation (EMIS) laser, isotopic
  separation (LIS); spent fuel reprocessing, plutonium, mixed oxide
  nuclear research, inertial confinement fusion (ICF), magnetic
  confinement fusion, plasma, nuclear fuel fabrication including
  mixed oxide (uranium-plutonium) fuels (MOX), heavy water
  production, tritium production and sue, electromagnetic pulse
  (EMP); hardening technology.


3. MISSILE/MISSILE TECHNOLOGY:  

Technologies associated
  with air vehicles and unnned [?] missile systems.  The technology
  needed to develop a satellite launch vehicle is virtually identical to
  that needed to build a ballistic missile.  Technologies include
  rocket systems, ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles and
  sounding rockets and unmanned air equipment and reentry  vehicles.


4. AIRCRAFT AND MISSILE PROPULSION AND VEHICULAR


  SYSTEMS:  The propulsion technologies included are associated
  with near-earth super and hypersonic flight propulsion systems for
  aircraft and missiles.  Many of these technologies are dual use.
  Technologies include liquid and solid rocket propulsion systems;
  missile propulsion and systems integration; individual rocket states
  or staging/separation mechanism; aerospace thermal and high-
  performance structures; propulsion systems test facilities.


5. NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE CONTROL:  

These capabilities
  directly determine the delivery accuracy and lethality of both
  unguided and guided weapons.  The long-term costs to design,
  build and apply these technologies have been a limiting proliferation
  factor.  Technologies include those associated with internal
  navigation systems, tracking and terminal homing devices;
  accelerometers, vehicle and flight control systems.


6. CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING:

Of
  specific concern is the ability to develop, produce, and disseminate
  toxic chemicals, biological and toxin agents.  The technologies
  that could be applied to produce chemical and biological agents
  are used widely by civilian research laboratories and industry;
  these technologies are relatively common in many countries.
  Advanced biotechnology has the potential to support biological
  weapons research.  Look for technologies associated with
  bacteriology (especially pathogenic), mutagens, mycology,
  neurotoxins, reconbiant technology, toxins, venoms, virology,
  precursor chemicals, toxicological research, chemical production  equipment.


7. REMOTE IMAGING AND RECONNAISSANCE:

Remote sensing
  technologies are inherently dual-use; technologies can be used for
  civilian imagery projects or for military reconnaissance efforts.
  Drones and remotely piloted vehicles enhance reconnaissance
  abilities.  These are technologies associated with remote sensing
  satellites; imagery systems; high resolution cameras and optics;
  unnned [?] air vehicles; remotely-piloted vehicles, drones.

8. ADVANCED COMPUTER/MICROELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY:

  Advance computers and software play a useful (but not necessarily
  critical) role in the development and deployment of missiles and
  missile systems, and in the development and production of nuclear
  weapons.  Advance computer capabilities are also used in over-the-
  horizon targeting, airborne early warning targeting, electronic
  countermeasures (ECM) processors.  These technologies are
  associated with supercomputing, hybrid computing; speech
  processing/recognition systems; neural networks; data fusion;
  quantum wells, resonant tunneling; superconductivity; advance
  optoeletronics, acoustic wave devices, superconducting electron
  devices, flash discharge type x-ray systems; frequency
  synthesizers; microcomputer compensated crystal oscillators.


9. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY:

The metallic, ceramic, and
  composite materials are primarily related to structural functions in
  aircraft, spacecraft, missiles, undersea vehicles, and propulsion
  devices.  Polymers provide seals and sealants for containment of
  identified fluids and lubricants for various vehicles and devices.
  Selected specialty materials provide critical capabilities that exploit
  electromagnetic absorption, magnetic, or superconductivity
  characteristics..  These technologies are associated with advance
  metals and alloys; non-composite ceramic materials, ceramic,
  cermet, organic and carbon materials; polymeric materials;
  synthetic fluids; hot isostatic densifications; intermetallic;
  organometals; liquid and solid lubricant; magnetic metals and
  superconductive conductors.


10. INFORMATION SECURITY:  

Technologies associated with
  cryptography and cryptographic systems to ensure secrecy for
  communications, video, data and related software.

11. LASERS AND DIRECTED ENERGY SYSTEMS


  TECHNOLOGY:  Lasers have critical military applications,
  including incorporation in guided ordnance such as laser guided
  bombs and ranging devices.  Directed energy technologies are
  used to generate electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and
  to project that energy on a specific target.  Kinetic energy
  technologies are those used to impart a high velocity to a mass
  and direct it to a target.  Directed energy and kinetic energy
  technologies have potential utility in countering missiles and other
  applications.  Look for technologies associated with atomic vapor
  laser isotope separation (AVLIS), molecular laser isotope
  separation (MLIS); high energy lasers (HEL), low energy lasers
  (LEL), semiconductor lasers, free electron lasers , directed energy
  (DE), kinetic energy (KE) systems, particle beam, beam rider,
  electromagnetic guns, optoelectronics, optical tracking, high
  energy density, high-speed pulse generation, pulsed power,
  hypersonic/hypervelocity, magnetohydronynamics.


12. SENSORS AND SENSOR TECHNOLOGY:

Sensors provide
  real-time information and data; the side with superior sensors has a
  considerable advantage.  Marina acoustics is critical in anti-
  submarine warfare; gravity meters are essential for missile launch
  calibration.  Look for technologies associated with marine
  acoustics, optical sensors, night-visions devices, image
  intensification devices; gravity meters; high speed photographic
  equipment; magnetometers.


13.  MARINE TECHNOLOGY:  

Marine technologies are often
  associated with submarines and other deep submersible vessels;
  propulsion systems designed for undersea use and navigation and
  quieting systems are associated with reducing detectability and
  enhancing operations survivability.  Look for technologies
  connected with submarines and submersibles, undersea robots,
  marine propulsion systems; signature recognition; acoustic and
  non-acoustic detection; acoustic, ware, radar and magnetic
  signature reduction, magnetohydrodynamics; stirring engines.

14. ROBOTICS:

Technologies associated with artificial
  intelligence, automation, computer-controlled machine tools;
  pattern recognition technologies.

DajUID: 18915

发信人: phd (栋栋), 信区: AdvancedEdu
标  题: Re: 14个敏感专业
发信站: 瀚海星云 (Thu Mar 27 06:40:12 2003)

MIT gave 8 offers of Nuclear engineering to Tsinghua, but only one came, other
s are refused for the visa. The lucky guy said he will never go back before hi
s graduation. This year, MIT has a new policy: if the student can't enter MIT
in 6 monthes for the visa reason, he must re-apply. So please be very careful
for the visa, especially for chemistry, nuclear physics, etc.

coldsnowerUID: 3139287

Thanks

小小苏UID: 3579902

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