[try best]中文作文提纲 by suzie

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT30 - According to information recently reported in the Eliottown Gazette, the number of people who travel to Eliottown has increased significantly over the past several years. So far this year over 100,000 people have arrived on flights to Eliottown's airport, compared with only 80,000 last year and 40,000 the year before. Eliottown's train station has received more than 50,000 passengers this year, compared with less than 40,000 last year and 20,000 the year before. Clearly tourism in Eliottown has been increasing, thanks to the new Central Park and Museum of Modern Art that opened last year. Therefore, the funding for the park and museum should be increased significantly.
WORDS: 12          TIME: 00:03:48          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:03:49

1.来的不一定都是tourists（economy increases, business/ traffic improves 成为交通中转站）
2.即使为tourists 也不能证明为CP 和MM的功劳（新景点的开发/旅游优惠政策）
3.即使为CP 和MM 基金也无需增加（enough）

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT31 - The following appeared in the editorial section of a newsmagazine.

"Some states are creating new laws that restrict the use of of handheld cell phones by drivers of automobiles. Such legislation, however, is sheer folly. Although some people with cell phones undoubtedly cause problems on the road, including serious accidents, the majority do not. Besides, problems are also caused by drivers who are distracted by any number of other activities, from listening to the radio to disciplining children. Since there is no need to pass legislation restricting these and other such activities, it follows that there is no need to restrict people's freedom to use a device that they find convenient-or helpful in emergencies."
WORDS: 14          TIME: 00:05:46          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:21:51

1.承认打电话会引起serious accidents ，而且没有给出ratio，所以不能确定由此引发的事故率到底是多少（事故率本来就低，是minority）
2.即使有其他原因就能否定use cellphone的原因？而且，也许打电话引起事故率更高且更严重。
3.不能限制all the activities, but do as much as possible

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT32 - Until recently, people in Hiparia did most of their shopping by driving to shopping malls. They are beginning, however, to do more of their shopping by ordering merchandise from mail-order catalogs and the Internet. These purchases are delivered to them by mail or by a delivery service. For many purchases, Hiparians no longer need to drive to and from shopping malls; there will therefore be a resulting reduction in the consumption of vehicle fuel in Hiparia.
WORDS: 29          TIME: 00:04:34          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:27:05

1.首先不能确定人们开车购物in the consumption of vehicle的比例（也许工业运输、自驾车旅游才是the majority）
2.即使开车购物占很大比例，也不确定shopping by mail or internet占的比例（人们prefer shopping by drving to shopping malls）
3. even if, the mail orders, delivery sevices cost fuel as well

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT33 - The following report appeared in an archaeology journal.

"The discovery of distinctively shaped ceramic pots at various prehistoric sites scattered over a wide area has led archaeologists to ask how the pots were spread. Some believe the pot makers migrated to the various sites and carried the pots along with them; others believe the pots were spread by trade and their makers remained in one place. Now, analysis of the bones of prehistoric human skeletons can settle the debate: high levels of a certain metallic element contained in various foods are strongly associated with people who migrated to a new place after childhood. Many of the bones found near the pots at a few sites showed high levels of the metallic element. Therefore, it must be that the pots were spread by migration, not trade."
WORDS: 17          TIME: 00:08:03          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:36:22

1.unreasonble assumption: food 中的element 可以进入bone；bone中的element 可以保存thousands of years;element 不是由后来的土壤进入bone里的。
2.即使bone中的element的确是由饮食进入的，也不能由food来确定是migration people（association, but not sure)
3.即使证明bone的确是migration people 的，bone在pots边上也有可能是其他原因（陪葬品、地层运动、后来人开垦土地时的行为）并不能说明他们的关系。

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT34 - Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.
WORDS: 18          TIME: 00:04:29          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:44:42

1.survey:  data：调查的人数是否足够多？调查的时间是否足够长？发病率高出多少？是否就和正常人群有很大差异？）
2.忽略了其他factors：as mentioned in the argument :the environment, age, living habits
3.即使 bone fractures 也不能证明就是osteoporosis(only one symptom)有可能是其他disease

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT35 - The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."
WORDS: 37          TIME: 00:04:51          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 10:51:56

1.salicyates can't cure headaches at all.( if so, many food are rich in salicyates, there should be nobody gets headaches)
2.as the flavor addictive, 剂量is limited，无法确知是否可以cure headaches
3.even if, headache 也不一定就可以用this kind of medicine 治好（气候，pressure，and so on)

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT36 - The following appeared in an article written by Dr. Karp, an anthropologist.

"Twenty years ago Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia and concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. However, my recent interviews with children living in the group of islands that includes Tertia show that these children spend much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. This research proves that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observation-centered approach to studying cultures is invalid. Because they are using the interview-centered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of child-rearing traditions there and in other island cultures."
WORDS: 9          TIME: 00:03:38          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 11:02:36

1.interview's result:孩子们被谁抚养与更多谈论谁无关（没有提及谈话内容；很有可能因为少见父母所以谈论的更多）
2.20 years ago 岛上的风俗很有可能已经变化（工作压力减少，或者是对孩子的关注度增加）
3.interview survey本身的缺陷 （是否客观？被访者是否愿意说实话？）

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT37 - Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river-the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.
WORDS: 12          TIME: 00:03:22          DATE: 2009-6-13 上午 11:18:16

1.Brim river did not exist at that time（人们可以自由快乐的走来走去，就把篮子拿过去了。。。）
2.Palea: leaness （所以人们有理由去四处觅食）
3.不需要能载一堆人的船；篮子是否是其他times的people拿过去的。

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT38 - The following memo appeared in the newsletter of the West Meria Public Health Council.

"An innovative treatment has come to our attention that promises to significantly reduce absenteeism in our schools and workplaces. A study reports that in nearby East Meria, where fish consumption is very high, people visit the doctor only once or twice per year for the treatment of colds. Clearly, eating a substantial amount of fish can prevent colds. Since colds are the reason most frequently given for absences from school and work, we recommend the daily use of Ichthaid, a nutritional supplement derived from fish oil, as a good way to prevent colds and lower absenteeism."
WORDS: 43          TIME: 00:05:41          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 12:07:28

1.EM鱼多不代表people eat more (prefer other kinds of food)
2.visit doctors less doesn't mean they don't catch colds (医疗费用昂贵 or 自己在家中可以治好）
3.fish oil 是否可以cure colds?(no evidence 是fish oil 这种成分 cure colds)
4。迟到的原因根本不是catch colds (perhaps colds is the excuse of absenteeism) be late for 路途远，对工作态度不认真

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT39 - The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Humana College.

"Last year the number of students who enrolled in long-distance degree programs at Omni University increased by 50%. During the same year, Omni showed a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space, most likely because instruction in the long-distance programs takes place via interactive video computer connections. In contrast, over the past three years, enrollment at Humana College has diminished and costs of maintaining buildings have risen. Thus, to increase enrollment and solve the problem of budget deficits at Humana College, we should initiate and actively promote long-distance degree programs like those at Omni."
WORDS: 6          TIME: 00:05:20          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 09:55:32

1.long-distance programs中学生多不代表来school 读书的人就少（两种学生需求和情况不同。一般人们更倾向于传统模式教育，远程是为没时间或特殊原因不能到校的人准备的）
2.维护building的钱减少可能因为（找到价格低廉的repair company。学生保护建筑的意识增强）
3.即使H开设远程教育，是否能达到同样效果？（教育的质量？面向的学生？收费是否合理？）

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT40 - The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Excello Food Markets.

"In 90 towns where Excello has food markets, natural-food stores specializing in organic food products-products containing no chemical preservatives and made with foods grown without pesticides-have opened nearby as competitors. Surveys of our own customers reveal a growing concern about foods grown using pesticides or preserved with chemicals. Recently our market in Sun City participated in a local food tasting fair, and 75 percent of the fair goers who visited the Excello booth requested free samples of organic fruit. Such evidence indicates that to increase our profits, we should begin to stock a full line of organic food products in all our markets."
WORDS: 20          TIME: 00:04:51          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 10:01:42

1.首先作者不能证明所有的有机食品都受欢迎。
  food tasting fair：人们要走有机水果for:free/ looks/ tastes/ not for they are organic
  even if, 也只能证明人们对organic fruits 感兴趣。
2.其次不能证明大多数人对有机食品感兴趣
  没有说sun city来询问的人一共有多少；只能证明这个城市；有competitors但是没说明他们是否成功

所以，。。。是不对的。

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT41 - The following appeared in a memo from the vice president of a food-distribution company with food-storage warehouses in several cities.

"Recently we signed a contract with The Fly-Away Pest-Control Company to provide pest-control services at our fast-food warehouse in Palm City, but last month we discovered that over $20,000 worth of food there had been destroyed by pest damage. Meanwhile, the Buzzoff Pest-Control Company, which we have used for many years, continued to service our warehouse in Wintervale, and last month only $10,000 worth of the food stored there had been destroyed by pest damage. Even though the price charged by Fly-Away is considerably lower, our best means of saving money is to return to Buzzoff Company for all our pest-control services."
WORDS: 10          TIME: 00:02:41          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 10:05:25

1.palm city 库存多，wintervale存的少。
2.palm city 闹虫灾（昆虫爆发季节；地理环境潮湿）
3.B company 根本没有cover在Palm 的service

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT42 - The following appeared in a proposal from the economic minister of the country of Paraterra.

"In order to strengthen its lagging economy, last year the government of the nearby country of Bellegea began an advertising campaign to promote ecologically sound tourism (ecotourism). This year the number of foreign visitors arriving at Bellegea's main airport doubled, and per capita income in Bellegea increased by ten percent. To provide more income for the population of Paraterra and also preserve the natural environment of our tiny country, we too should begin to promote ecotourism. To ensure that our advertising campaign is successful, we should hire the current director of Bellegea's National Tourism Office as a consultant for the campaign."
WORDS: 12          TIME: 00:04:56          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 10:11:51

1.无理假设B旅游是successful的 （旅行中转站；经济发展；income增长不一定是旅游带来的）
2.Even if B成功，也不一定是因为AD（景色好，有优惠政策）ad成功也与director 无关。
3.director对P的旅游业不熟悉（regional difference / tourism resauces 不同）

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT43 - The following appeared as part of a business plan developed by the manager of the Rialto Theater.

"Despite its downtown location, the Rialto Movie Theater, a local institution for five decades, must make big changes or close its doors forever. It should follow the example of the new Apex Theater in the mall outside of town. When the Apex opened last year, it featured a video arcade, plush carpeting and seats, and a state-of-the-art sound system. Furthermore, in a recent survey, over 85 percent of respondents reported that the high price of newly released movies prevents them from going to the movies more than five times per year. Thus, if the Rialto intends to hold on to its share of a decreasing pool of moviegoers, it must offer the same features as Apex."
WORDS: 14          TIME: 00:03:01          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 10:16:14

1.地理位置不同：downtown 可以吸引到more viewers; outside town客流少。
2.offer lower price :Apex的奢华配置无疑会增加票价，而as the survey shows, 人们prefer便宜的票价
3.没证明APEX成功，而R不成功。

yjwn1987UID: 2495078

TOPIC: ARGUMENT44 - The following is a recommendation from the business manager of Monarch Books.

"Monarch Books should open a café in its store to attract more customers and better compete with Regal Books, which recently opened a café. Monarch, which has been in business at the same location for more than twenty years, has a large customer following because it is known for its wide selection of books on all subjects. Opening the café would clearly attract more customers. The café would require relatively little space. Space could be made for the café by discontinuing the children's book section, which will likely become less popular given that the last national census indicated a significant decline in the percent of the population who are under age ten."
WORDS: 3          TIME: 00:03:10          DATE: 2009-6-13 下午 10:58:13

1.无理假设R成功。即使R成功，也未必是CAFE的功劳（图书类别丰富，促销活动）
2.即使CAFE成功也不代表使用于M（不同的消费群体）（可以提供其他饮料）
3.不能证明儿童图书市场减少。全国的survey不代表当地情况，比例减少不代表总量少，单个的child需求上升。