第三次作业【0710G Victors互助小组】 puzilong

puzilongUID: 2308557

  Argument  47
  Fallacies: 1, It is firstly worthy to question that a few part of scientists did phenomenon that the weather became cooler suddenly in the mid-six century through rare historical info and pattern.
          2, The auguer’s assertation that weather’s cooling due to volcanic erupting or meteorite collision is unreasonable.
          3, Only some unsubstantiated Asian historical record that said a loud boom with a volcanic erupting and no flash can not prove meteorite collision was not a or the real reason.

     This news is absolutely a good scientific critique, which give some significant information and fact to support its opinions: the phenomenon of that the weather became intensively cooler in tha mid-six century resulted from volcanic erupting or meteorite collision,and through some extant record the arguer think the former guess is more possible.However, if we delve into those assumptions deeply, we will find that they are not so perfect.
     First of all, this assertation of the weather’s cooling due to volcanic erupting or meteorite collision is unreasonable. I am very confused why the arguer think volcanic erupting and meteorite colliding must be the sake of the change of weather.Because both of them can create a large dust to stop the sunlight in order to be enough to decrease the temperature dramatically like  some accounts found in Asia and Europe depict a dim of sun and extramely cool weather. Obviousely, this view is too subjective.Perhaps some other factors could bring this, for example, a big forest conflagration. I believe that the dense dark fog of fire burning log is not too difficult to create the effect the accounts mention.
     And then, only some unsubstantiated Asian historical records that said a loud boom with a volcanic erupting can not prove meteorite collision was not a or the real reason. It is ture that the ancient record is more easy to let people confirm that volcano activity is more rational between them, but the arguer can not be so arbitrary. Can the loud boom not be aroused by meteotirite? After all, the sound of meteorite impact is the same as volcanic erupting.
     In addition,if the conclusion some scientists proposed about a fierce change of weather in history existed is still a mysterious.Only sparse historical record and study can not persuade me to believe it.
     To sum up, the news is weak because it have not supply powerful and potent facts and data.And the causality about how the volcanic erupting or meteorite colliding brought about the cooling of weather have not been explained well.





   
  Issue103

"The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."

   
      History is either abstract or concrete. One hand, as history’s original mean, it represent all the things in the past, for time sake, we can not explicitly know what happened and the details before a long time; on other hand, since mankind invented how to record what they did like making knots, writing on the paper, photos, videos etc and use in science and technology as geology, we can realize our proceeding of development as a whole. As to value of history, kinds of different opinions exist. I have myself view about history too, as follows:
     The importance of history in giving a relatively fair and objective comment for every thing.While the comment will to some degree influence people’s lives. Take a phenomenon such as smoking. When a Franch duke brought tobacco back home from Spanish royalty who considered it just as a noble ornamental and used it as a medicine, people idolize this magical plant as panacea. Nevertheless, nowadays most of people think smoking is very harmful. The two different remarks are made not by other things but history. And history also tell us that we should treat smoking with prejudice, apparently tobacco is a double-edged sword, which can benefit and harm us. Perhaps, through the study of smoking history, we can use it better in the future.
     Likewise, the importance impact on human beings’ moral. Why do we think war and violence are bad? Why do we tell some behavior is polite? This must be relevant with our orientation of moral. For instance, black people hate to be called Negero, and usually people will do this. why? because Negro was a common appellation to black people in early America who all were slaves working for white man. History depict the blood image of lives of those thralls at that time, and then people wake up to this is rude and crucial. Not only slave system but also Negro was abolished. And I believe that Negro, this kind of contumelious appellation, is over scope of moral nowadays, and in the future it will not be use usually unless in special situation like art show etc. This is undoubted that comment of history is working.
     Thanks to the importance, the study of history become very necessary and valuable. As above I said, history study also have value not only to our daily lives. Let us recall the event of nuclear explosure in three miles island. If not because of a great deal of reports from mass media, I believe that a few people knew it, and actually it have a little influence on our daily lives. But study of history to this accident let us more possible to find available ways to prevent another one in the future, which benefit our home.
     In sum, study of history always have an important impact on both now and future, big events and trifle, because we can evaluate history in order to make correct option and change through the study.


                        

Issue41

"Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."

       I am not superstitious, and consider those so-called supernatural power like astrology just as a nonsense, but I still read some books about foretelling destiny, see a witch for curing ill when the doctor is not working etc. Perhaps as a notable sage said, “ Everything exist with some reason.” The nonmainstream sciences are the same. Now that those mainstream science can not address this, let other science to satisfy human needs..
       There are many phenomenon and problems that we can not explain and solve, which let those nonmainstream science have space to develop. Mankind always intend to find approach and reason to unpuzzle a phenomenon. As our ancestor illusioned that the sky is a dome in order to illustrate why the sun rise and set from orient to accident. This character make people resort to some unpopular science like fortune-telling, when they can not explain some mystery by using knowledge and technology in their time. The example I mention above about that I saw a witch to medicate for the hospital could not handle this can prove it well. As to some problems people themselves can not control, they also seek a favor from magical power they do not know. Christianism is created like this. Due to anguish from war and barbarous and blood rule before AC. 1st century, average people could not do any thing just only to hope a Christ can save them, and then some one clenched to death emerged.
       In addition, when people hope some things come ture, they will seek bailment in spirit too. According to words of a professor of philosophy in our college, “Desiring some thing very much, people is more easy to pursue paranormal power .”  Fengshui ,a Chinese superstitious science like astrology, is very prevalent in circle of Chinese. Its theory base on objects’ arrangement like building’s direction, table’s position etc. Frankly, those people know that Fengshui is unrealistic, but they still try their best to conform to the theory, even invest amount of money just to be contented with their desire possibly can not be achieved. Because this make them feel good.
      All the arguments above present the conclude that the nonmainstream science such as astrology is necessary and essential to people, because it can do what mainstream science can not do. Although it is rational and useful, science like Fengshui is harmful to some extent.This science is still unsubstantiated ,which depends on unwarranted conjecture. It is unquestionable that let us warried about that. As a wizard tell me that I will be the president of U.S, if I need not to think about any thing just wait for the day when I really be? It is obviously absurd.
      Therefore, we should treat nonmainstream and mainstream science with balance. It is unreasonable to use them with bias. After all, “Everything exist with some reason.” What we need do is make use of them regardless of astrology or mathematics to satisfy our needs.

         



[ 本帖最后由 puzilong 于 2007-5-18 13:15 编辑 ]

唐诗三百首UID: 2273424

This news is seems to be 从后文来看此处应为让步 absolutely a good scientific critique用词不够准确，critique为批评性评论，原问没有任何批评语句, which givegives some significant information and fact to support its opinions: the phenomenon of that the weather became intensively cooler in thathe mid-six century resulted from volcanic erupting or meteorite collision,and through some extant record the arguer think用inclines好些 the former guess is more possible.之前的让步用了过多的极强肯定词，如absolutely、significant给人感觉后面并非是要反驳However, if we delve into those assumptions deeply, we will find that theythey指代不清 are not so perfect.
     First of all, this assertation of the weather’s cooling due to volcanic erupting or meteorite collision is unreasonable. I am very confused why the arguer think volcanic erupting and meteorite colliding must be the sake of the change of weather.Because both of them can create a large dust to stop the sunlight in order to be enough to decrease the temperature dramatically like  some accounts found in Asia and Europe depict a dim of sun and extramely cool weather.这里应该是质问的语气啊，怎么变成替原文说话了？ Obviousely, this view is too subjective.Perhaps some other factors could bring this, for example, a big forest conflagration. I believe that the dense dark fog of fire burning log is not too difficult to create the effect the accounts mention.这个原因想的好
     And then, only some unsubstantiated Asian historical records that said a loud boom with a volcanic erupting can not prove meteorite collision was not a or the real reason. It is ture that the ancient record is more easy to let peoplelet people放在这里有些多余，完全可以去掉 confirm that volcano activity is more rational between them, but the arguer can not be so arbitrary. Can the loud boom not be aroused by meteotirite? After all, the sound of meteorite impact is the same as volcanic erupting.
     In addition,if应该用whether the conclusion that 主语从句先行词不能省略啊some scientists proposed about a fierce change of weather in history existed is still a mysterious.Only sparse historical record and study can not persuade me to believe it.这里在原文并非一个论证内容，个人觉得不应该拿出来攻击
     To sum up, the news is weak because it havehas not supply powerful and potent facts and data.And the causality about how the volcanic erupting or meteorite colliding brought about the cooling of weather have has not been explained well.
文中多处出现第三人称单数错误，要注意啊；

唐诗三百首UID: 2273424

History is either abstract or concrete. One hand, on the one hand as history’s original mean meaning, it represents all the things that happenedin the past, for time sake, we can not explicitly know what happened and the details before a long time long time ago; on the other hand, since mankind invented how to record what they did like making knots, writing on the paper, photos, videos etc and use in science and technology as geology, we can realize our proceeding of development as a whole. As to value of history, kinds of different opinions exist. I have myself view my point of view about history too, as follows:开篇过于复杂，且没有提出自己的观点
     The importance of history inis giving a relatively fair and objective comment for every thing.While the comment will to some degree influence people’s lives. Take a phenomenon such as smokingfor example. When a Franch duke brought tobacco back home from Spanish royalty who considered it just as a noble ornamental and used it as a medicine, people idolize this magical plant as panacea. Nevertheless, nowadays most of people think smoking is very harmful. The two different remarks are made not by other things but history. And history also tells us that we should not treat smoking with prejudice, apparently tobacco is a double-edged sword, which can benefit and harm us. Perhaps, through the study of smoking history, we can use it better in the future.
     Likewise, the importance impacts on human beings’ moral. Why do we think war and violence are bad? Why do we tell some behavior is polite? This must be relevant with our orientation of moral. For instance, black people hate to be called Negero, and usually people will do this. why? because Negro was a common appellation to black people in early America who all were werw all slaves working for white man. History depict the blood image of lives of those thralls at that time, and then people wake up to this is rude and crucial. Not only slave system but also Negro was abolished. And I believe that Negro, this kind of contumelious appellation, is over scope of moral nowadays, and in the future it will not be use usually unless in special situation like art show etc. This is undoubted that comment of history is working.
     Thanks to the importance, the study of history become very necessary and valuable. As above I said, history study also have value not only to our daily lives. Let us recall the event of nuclear explosure in three miles island. If not because of a great deal of reports from mass media, I believe that a去掉a few people knew it, and actually it havehas a little influence on our daily lives. But thestudy of history to this accident let us more possible to makes it possible for us to find available ways to prevent another one in the future, which benefit our home.
     In sum, study of history always have an important impact on both now and future, big events and trifle, because we can evaluate history in order to make correct option and change through the study.
应该在开头提出自己明确的观点，支持或是反对原命题，结尾再回到自己的观点，这样会让读者更加清楚你的思路；另外，有些语言表达也有点问题。加油！

唐诗三百首UID: 2273424

I am not superstitious, and 加上I 这样并列不大符合英文表达 consider those so-called supernatural power like astrology justjust最好放在consider前面 as a nonsense, but I stillhave read some books about foretelling destiny, seesaw a witch for去掉for curing ill when the doctor is not working could do nothing etc. Perhaps as a notable sage said, “ Everything exists with some reason.” The nonmainstream sciences are the same. Now that those mainstream science can not address this, let other science to satisfy human needs..
       There are many phenomenon and problems that we can not explain and solve by mainstream science, which let those nonmainstream science have space to developleaves the space to nonmainstream science. Mankind always intend to find approach and reason to unpuzzle a phenomenon. As our ancestor illusioned that the sky is a dome in order to illustrate the reason why the sun rise and set from orient to accident. This character make people resort to some unpopular science like fortune-telling, when they can not explain some mystery by using knowledge and technology in their time. The example I mentioned above about that I saw a witch to去掉to medicate for改成while the hospital could not handle this can prove it well. As to some problems people themselves can not control, they also seek a favor from magical power they do not know. Christianism is created like this. Due to anguish from war and barbarous and blood rule before AC. 1st century, average people could not do any thing just only to hope a Christ can save them, and then some one clenched to death emerged.
       In addition, when people hope some things come turetrue, they will seek bailment in spirit too.此句只是陈述了一个事实，并作为分论点并不合适 According to words of a professor of philosophy in our college, “Desiring some thing very much, people is more easy to pursue paranormal power .”  Fengshui ,a Chinese superstitious science like astrology, is very prevalent in circle of Chinese. Its theory base on objects’ arrangement like building’s direction, table’s position etc. Frankly, those people know that Fengshui is unrealistic, but they still try their best to conform to the theory, even invest amount of money just to be contented with their desire possibly can not be achieved. Because this make them feel good.此段举了不少例子，但都是说明存在性，并没有对存在的合理性作出论证
      All the arguments above present the conclude that the nonmainstream science such as astrology is necessary and essential to people, because it can do what mainstream science can not do. Although it is rational and useful, science like Fengshui is harmful to some extent.This science is still unsubstantiated ,which depends on unwarranted conjecture. It is unquestionable that let us warried about that. As a wizard tell me that I will be the president of U.S, if I need not to think about any thing just wait for the day when I really be? It is obviously absurd.开篇作者持赞成的态度，且没有为两面性做铺垫，这里冒然出来对立的观点，让人感觉太突然
      Therefore, we should treat nonmainstream and mainstream science with balance. It is unreasonable to use them with bias. After all, “Everything exist with some reason.” What we need do is make use of them regardless of astrology or mathematics to satisfy our needs.
既然提出观点Everything exist with some reason，就应该把大量篇幅放在论证reason上面，而文章只有第二段的部分例子支持它；另外，命题还提到了对非主流科学对社会的影响，个人认为这个应该是论证关键

唐诗三百首UID: 2273424