issue87 [Flamy July小组]第三次issue作业

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Issue87. "In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries."
字数：580 时间：17：33～18：21（48’）
提纲：1、诚然，新手因为刚入门，对事物充满了好奇心，并且由于缺乏专业知识，所以有很少的东西束缚着她，她往往更容易有新的创造。Gauss十岁的加100，瓦特发明steam engine，
2、但是，更多发现是基于一定程度的积累。有些领域只有进入了才能有能力去。发现。Alexander Fleming, a medical doctor who first discover the Penicillin, is known to be a lucky man since his success is 但是如果他没有深厚的医学知识和长期的实践积累，他不太可能有这样的发现。另外如我的导师所说：“数学，歌德巴赫猜想……”另外，对于同样的问题，expert更容易有深刻的发现。如大家都知道苹果往下落，但是只有Newton把它抽象出了万有引力定律；每天被太阳晒，只有Wilhelm Roentgen发现了X－ray。
The law of universal gravitation

3、第三，老手比新手还多了一样东西，那就是经验，成功和失败的经验，而经验在新discoveries方面常常很重要。一次成功毕竟是少见的。Edison经历了数千次失败before successfully invented the 白炽灯泡。而Nobel也是在经历了无数次失败和损失以后制成了安全的explosive。即使是在普通人经常有偶然发现的考古领域，考古学家也往往比一般人更容易从看似普通的废墟中得到发现。

结论：因此，新手固然不可忽视，more discoveries are waiting for experts to be made.如果我们能看到both新手and老手的优势，让他们配合使用，可能效果会更好。

The speaker holds the argument that it is more likely for the beginner, rather than the expert to make important discoveries in any fields. However, I don’t agree with this point of view for the reasons that discoveries not only require creativity, but also need the accumulation of both knowledge and experience.

Firstly, there is no denying that beginners might sometimes be more creative than experts, since they are not tied by former research and are more easily to find a new way to success. This can be demonstrated by Gauss, a famous Mathematician in many fields. When he was only 10 years old, his teacher asked all his students to add up from 1 to 100. All others were engaged in such a tough work while Gauss found a new way to work out that and quickly gave the right answer. The teacher was fairly surprised since Gauss had done what took him over 3 hours to finish in just a few minutes. Besides, beginners are sometimes able to find things strange while others take them for granted. For example, Watt was interested in the steam of the boiling pot and eventually invented the steam-engine. In a word, views of beginners should not be overseen in that they might be important and effective.

Discoveries, on the other hand, required something other than creativity, especially the accumulation of knowledge. In fact, many discoveries seem to be accidental, but they can only be made through hard and tedious work. Alexander Fleming, a medical doctor who first discovered the Penicillin, is often considered to be a fortunate man since his achievement was to some extent by chance. However, without a large amount of knowledge and the devotion to human’s health, it is unlikely for him to make such a momentous discovery since antibiotics were unbelievable for people in that era. Moreover, for several areas, it is hardly possible for beginners to go inside the field before he had studied much knowledge, such as mathematics, physics and other kinds of science. As a professor of the math-department at my university once said ( and I paraphrase):’Is this world mathematician’s work is more and more difficult for the public to support. Because other than Goldback Conjecture, a problem familiar with many people, it is even impossible for common people to understand mathematic problems.’ This illustrates the point that in some fields, there might be a long distance between experts and beginners. Creativity is important only when one have mastered sufficient knowledge.

Not merely does making discoveries required a deep insight of knowledge, but it calls for enough experience, both accomplishment and failure, which is a wealth of experts. Thomas Edison had experienced thousands of failures before successfully invented the incandescent lamp, and Nobel stood on uncountable mistakes to invent safe explosive. Even in the field of Archeology, in which there are many discoveries made by common people, it is more easily for the archeologists to find valuable cues from remains that appear to be useless. Therefore, experience is helpful so that it is not wise for us to ignore that.

In sum, from what has been discussed above, I draw the conclusion that even though there are many contributions made by beginners in the world of discovery, it is unconvincing to claim that experts are less important in that experts have the accumulation of knowledge and experiences, which are indispensable to make discoveries. In fact, both creativity and accumulation are necessary for human beings to discover the mysterious universe.