Issue48 历史注重少数vs多数 【历史类高频！留链必回】 [Shining Sep]

MagicGlaiveUID: 2112081

TOPIC: ISSUE48 - "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
WORDS: 576          TIME: 1:29:10          DATE: 2006-8-21

I agree with the speaker's that the study of history places too much emphasis on individuals so as to neglect the effects that groups of people made. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to overestimate groups of people rather than the famous few. In my view, they are two important aspects of the history and neither should be underestimated and either of them is necessary for us to understand the history as a whole.

It is true that the famous few do played a significant role on the historical stage for those people are leaders of groups who made the final decision which would be record in the history. No one would deny that it is the great charisma and extraordinary talent of those few, which makes them remarkable. Without Napoleon, French troops would not be able to step nearly all over the Europe and the famous Code Napoleon which impact the law of all European countries would never be enacted. It is same case in the field of business history. Bill Gates built his Microsoft Empire from nothing in merely 30 years, but the company's main product Dos and Windows operation systems are installed on millions of personal computers which makes him the richest person in the world. These few persons greatly change our world and their names as well as their feat are clearly written into our history textbooks. Why should we overlook their contribution to our history? These few individuals are pilots and leaders of our history and they deserve to be put on the crest of the history waves.

However, the groups of people, in most common sense--the multitude, whose identities have long been forgotten, are the real impetus of the historical events and trends of development. These groups who are faceless and nameless in our history textbooks are often mentioned in merely a couple of sentences or even omitted. It is a pity that the shadows of those famous few cover up the effulgence of the multitude. Take the aforementioned examples for illustration. If there is not so many well trained soldiers fight for Napoleon, even though he has the smartest military strategies, Napoleon would not be able to antagonize the allied forces---let alone about ascending the throne and enacting the Code. And without thousands of engineers work for him, Bill Gate himself could not finish millions lines of codes of Windows all on himself and without diversified department of the company, the business empire would not have expanded so rapidly in recent years and the company would not be able to step into more regions other than operation systems which makes Microsoft even more impressive in the history. It the groups of people, we called multitude, impulse the move of history. The few famous individual are the crest of history waves while the multitudes are the base of the waves. The groups of people in shadow of few famous individuals are the real impetus of our history.

Accordingly, we should remiss neither of the two factors when facing with the study of history. Without those famous few, we would lose our target like ships missing their navigation without beacon, which would probably cause the history wandering instead of progressing. Without those groups of people, we would conduct no real development or progresses since our history are finally impulsed by those multitude. Only after we consider the two factors together, could we really achieve the whole view of history.

[ 本帖最后由 MagicGlaive 于 2006-8-21 17:41 编辑 ]

jinzhemingUID: 2224073

你好，开头看了你的文章，写得好美啊，用波峰和波谷作比喻。我觉得写得很棒！ 想请老师修改一下我的文章:)

The speaker asserts that the most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten. In terms of the information technology, however, I hold the view that in the future the speaker’s claim will have merit while，at the present, it is still the famous few that provide the vision of the future, visions that groups then bring to fruition.

Imagine that one hundred years later, we sit in front of the computer, browsing the Internet and searching for the useful information, or precisely speaking, knowledge. Instead of referring to the dictionary, the history books, and the heavyweight encyclopedia, the powerful online encyclopedia, Wikipedia.org provides vivid, detailed, and comprehensive information for everyone concerned. What is more exciting is that we can edit every entry on it. Such an open-door policy has resulted in the biggest (or perhaps best) encyclopedia in the world. Our future generation may attribute the unprecedented success to one man, Jimmy Wales, who set out to reinvent the encyclopedia for the internet age. Although the effect of his insightful and seminal vision to invite the readers to edit the webpages after only as few as 12 entries were included in the beginning was explosive, it is thousands or millions of users, from readers to contributors, from contributors to evangelists, protecting and nurturing the site, who make possible the extraordinary encyclopedia which contains much more articles than Britannica. The identities of these people may have long been forgotten by our future generation, but I hold that it will be the most significant event in history as there is a trend that the direction of the development of technology of the 21st century is peer production and Wikipedia is proof that it works.

However, there is no doubt that the famous few in the technology community is equally influential. Admittedly, Windows operating system is the fruit achieved by the collective sweat, wisdom, pains of its staff. Without the support of his staff, customers, government, Gates would never have become one of "the famous few". However, we should not forget that it was Bill and his friend who started Microsoft with strong conviction that computers had a place in every home and on every desk and worked to develop software that would allow computers to be used for many purposes. As a final and definitive decision-maker, Gates  purchased the operating system and modified the software to become MS-DOS, made a deliberate decision to cooperate with IBM to develop software for a line of personal computers and MS-DOS was shipped on all IBM computers. These critical steps played a very important role in the dominant status and popularity of its operating system for personal computer in the world, thereby began the age of personal computer.

In sum, the two specific examples illustrate, from one perspective, that the most significant events and trends in history may be made possible by the famous few now and, in the future , by the masses. No matter of the gradual transition, the greatest is achieved through vision, inspiration, wisdom of human beings.

flycc28UID: 2164453

对于例子我有点想法...

两个主体段用同样得例子相互照应 不知可行否...

觉得要么就很好  要么就完蛋..即所谓波峰和波谷^_^

stone129UID: 2212021

I agree with the speaker's that I do agree with the speaker insofar as the fact that 用do 有让步含义） the study of history places too much emphasis on individuals so as to(but) neglects the effects that groups of people made. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to overestimate groups of people rather than the famous few. In my view, they are two important aspects of the history and neither should be underestimated and either of them is necessary for us to understand the history as a whole. (On accounts of that both are necessary for us to understand the history as a whole)
It is true that the famous few do played a significant role on the historical stage, for those people are leaders of groups who made the final decision which would be record in the history. No one would deny that it is the great charisma and extraordinary talent of those few, which makes them remarkable.( it is their great charisma and extraordinary talents  that makes them remarkable)For example, Without Napoleon, French troops would not be able to step nearly all over the Europe and it is the famous” Code Napoleon “that impact the law of all European countries and would never be enacted. It is same case in the field of business history. Bill Gates built his Microsoft Empire from nothing in merely 30 years, but the company's main product Dos and Windows operation systems are installed on millions of personal computers which makes him the richest person in the world. These few persons(可去掉) greatly change our world and their names as well as their feat are clearly written into our history textbooks(可去掉). Why should we overlook their contributions to our history? These few individuals are pilots and leaders of our history and they deserve to be put on the crest of the history waves.

However, the groups of people(people in groups), in most(可去掉) common sense--the multitude, whose identities have long been forgotten, are the real impetus of the historical events and trends of development. These groups who are faceless and nameless in our history textbooks 可取掉are often mentioned in merely a couple of sentences or even omitted. It is a pity that the shadows of those famous few cover up the effulgence of the multitude. Take the aforementioned examples for illustration. If there is not so many well trained soldiers fighting for Napoleon, even though he has the smartest military strategies, Napoleon would not be able to antagonize the allied forces---let alone about 可取掉ascending the throne and enacting the Code. And without thousands of engineers working for him, Bill Gate himself could not finish millions of lines of codes of Windows all on himself and without diversified department of the company, the business empire would not have expanded so rapidly in recent so shortyears and the company would not be able to step into more regions other than operation systems which makes Microsoft even more impressive in the history. It the groups of people, we called multitude, impulse the move of history. The few famous individuasl are the crest of history waves while the multitudes are the base of the waves. The groups of people in shadow of few famous individuals are the real impetus of our history.可取掉
Accordingly, we should remiss neither of the two factors when facing with inthe study of history. Without those famous few, we would lose our target like ships missing their navigation without beacon, which would probably cause the history wandering instead of progressing. Without those groups of people, we would conduct no real development or progresses since our history are finally impulsed by those multitude. Only after we consider the two factors together, could we really achieve the whole view of history
实在不会用这个改本来放在word里的,防到这里就没颜色对比了,不好意思!
也帮我拍拍来!

stone129UID: 2212021

Issue11.Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.

The speaker asserts that money invested in every field of the research, even which will result from some controversial results, should be absolutely a good and efficient investment. Generally, if this is based on the scientific spirits, I fundamentally concede this broad assertion. ( I basically grant that this broad assertion is correct.) But the technology can be both a blessing and a curse, while justifying some specific and controversial circumstances, which the speaker claimed is too indistinct; however, I take exception with the claim as follows.
It is true that the investment in the research that from astronomy, computer science to philosophy and history and so forth, especially putting the theories into the practical application, the researches will definitely have much bearing on the development of the whole human beings on balance. One apt illustration of the point involves the refrigerator, which plays a big roll in preserving the food and then maintains public health. Alongside the achievements of science, biochemical research is accountable for the antibiotics and vaccination which keep us from infectious disease, and for various other drugs used to combat exact health problems. After all, the world even outer space are full of the unknown and the mystery，with the drawn of the continuous exploration invested in the right direction, it should ultimately contribute to get better the quality of peoples lives, the advancement of human beings' civilization, and the development of industrialization.
However, in the meantime being circumspect about the research whose objectives are totally controversial and whose expected values are not clear, one should calm down and be rational to analyze it with critical thinking. After all, the more invest in the one part, the more the opportunity costs one will pay. Efficient use of money ought to benefit the most qualificatory well-being of human. If not be cautious about the utility of qualificative funds but blind to invest the no promising subjects, our society will apparently be suffering. For example, in retrospect, the alleged "star wars" defense initiative, championed by the Reagan administration is well illustrated this point.
Moreover, if taking further consideration, one should make it clear that what “the controversial results of research” is. Basically it means that whether the objectives of this research have a negative impact in human affairs, and whether it goes against the basic human nature and social norms, it is a question! Let us take a look at a specific instance from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases into the atmosphere, leaving carbon dioxide and other substances known as greenhouse gas, changed the normal composition of the atmosphere, so with the consequence of it, global warming and other major climate change in years to come. Also, the complex ethical questions have been arisen as well, the human cloning is the best evidence to show it!
In sum, taking the broad assertion that the investment in research for granted, I totally agree with the speaker. Nevertheless, as to the controversial objective, one should anticipate the possible results and judge whether it goes a converse way to the social principles and moralities. In the final analysis, under every circumstance, finite economic resource calls for a balance in investing the various social objectives.

MagicGlaiveUID: 2112081

For jinzheming
建议下次单独发个文，然后把联结贴在这里，这样你自己也好给别人看你的文章~:)

The speaker asserts that the most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten. In terms of the information technology, however, I hold the view that in the future the speaker’s claim will have merit while，at the present, it is still the famous few that provide the vision of the future, visions that groups then bring to fruition.最后这句话写得好！

Imagine that one hundred years later, we sit in front of the computer, browsing the Internet and searching for the useful information, or precisely speaking, knowledge这句话感觉意思没有写完的样子. Instead of referring to the dictionary, the history books, and the heavyweight encyclopedia, the powerful online encyclopedia, Wikipedia.org provides vivid, detailed, and comprehensive information for everyone concerned. What is more exciting is that we can edit every entry on it. Such an open-door policy has resulted in the biggest (or perhaps best) encyclopedia in the world. Our future generation may attribute the unprecedented success to one man, Jimmy Wales, who set out to reinvent the encyclopedia for the internet age. Although the effect of his insightful and seminal vision to invite the readers to edit the webpages after only as few as 12 entries were included in the beginning was explosive, it is thousands or millions of users, from readers to contributors, from contributors to evangelists, protecting and nurturing the site, who make possible the extraordinary encyclopedia which contains much more articles than Britannica. The identities of these people may have long been forgotten by our future generation, but I hold that it will be the most significant event in history as there is a trend that the direction of the development of technology of the 21st century is peer production and Wikipedia is proof that it works.这里例子不错，用来做“通才vs专才”那个topic特别恰当，用在这里尚需再雕饰一下:)

However, there is no doubt that the famous few in the technology community is equally influential. Admittedly, Windows operating system is the fruit achieved by the collective sweat, wisdom, pains of its staff. Without the support of his staff, customers, government, Gates would never have become one of "the famous few". However, we should not forget that it was Bill and his friend who started Microsoft with strong conviction that computers had a place in every home and on every desk and worked to develop software that would allow computers to be used for many purposes. As a final and definitive decision-maker, Gates  purchased the operating system and modified the software to become MS-DOS, made a deliberate decision to cooperate with IBM to develop software for a line of personal computers and MS-DOS was shipped on all IBM computers. These critical steps played a very important role in the dominant status and popularity of its operating system for personal computer in the world, thereby began the age of personal computer.慎重！没有总结句！

一个小问题，例子绝对不要太长，一般顶多2-3句话，甚至最好一笔带过，一篇文章中可以出现一两个具体的例子，但是需要这个例子中的每一句话都能和该段的主题相关，也即是说没说一句例子就要说点评论，类似夹叙夹议的样子

结尾前再加一小段(3-5行)进一步说明你的观点会更好！

In sum, the two specific examples illustrate, from one perspective, that the most significant events and trends in history may be made possible by the famous few now and, in the future , by the masses. No matter of the gradual transition, the greatest is achieved through vision, inspiration, wisdom of human beings.

MagicGlaiveUID: 2112081

For stone129

Issue11 请用网络通用顺序，这篇应该是Issue31，新东方顺序比网络通用顺序一般说来差了20.Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.

下次请单独发文然后贴联结吧，这样大家都方便点:)

The speaker asserts that money invested in every field of the research, even which will result from some controversial results, should be absolutely a good and efficient investment. Generally, if this is based on the scientific spirits, I fundamentally concede this broad assertion. ( I basically grant that this broad assertion is correct.这句干吗？) But the technology can be both a blessing and a curse, while justifying some specific and controversial circumstances, which the speaker claimed is too indistinct; however, I take exception with the claim as follows.

It is true that the investment in the research that from astronomy, computer science to philosophy and history and so forth, especially putting the theories into the practical application, the researches will definitely have much bearing on the development of the whole human beings on balance. One apt illustration of the point involves the refrigerator, which plays a big roll in preserving the food and then maintains public这个去掉 health. Alongside the achievements of science, biochemical research is accountable for the antibiotics and vaccination which keep us from infectious disease, and for various other drugs used to combat exact health problems. After all, the world even outer space are full of the unknown and the mystery这句加的优点唐突??????，with the drawn of the continuous exploration invested in the right direction, it should ultimately contribute to get better the quality of peoples lives, the advancement of human beings' civilization, and the development of industrialization.

However, in the meantime being circumspect好词 about the research whose objectives are totally controversial and whose expected values are not clear, one should calm down and be rational to analyze it with critical thinking. After all, the more invest in the one part, the more the opportunity costs one will pay. Efficient use of money ought to benefit the most qualificatory well-being of human. If not be cautious about the utility of qualificative funds but blind to invest the no promising subjects, our society will apparently be suffering. For example, in retrospect, the alleged "star wars" defense initiative, championed by the Reagan administration is well illustrated this point.

Moreover, if taking further consideration, one should make it clear that what the words“controversial results of research” is. Basically it means that whether the objectives of this research have a negative impact in human affairs, and whether it goes against the basic human nature and social norms, it is a question!注意语法！ Let us take a look at a specific instance from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases into the atmosphere, leaving carbon dioxide and other substances known as greenhouse gas, changed the normal composition of the atmosphere, so with the consequence of it, global warming and other major climate change in years to come. Also, the complex ethical questions have been arisen as well, the human cloning is the best evidence to show it!

In sum, taking the broad assertion that the investment in research for granted, I totally agree with the speaker. Nevertheless, as to the controversial objective, one should anticipate the possible results and judge whether it goes a converse way to the social principles and moralities. In the final analysis, under every circumstance, finite economic resource calls for a balance in investing the various social objectives.结尾是否有点局限性？

全文行文结构清晰，语法方面没有大的问题，逻辑甚为可取，但是欠缺一些让人眼前一亮的例子，加油！