argument188 【7\8\9\10】第四次作业

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TOPIC: ARGUMENT188 - A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids-a painkiller-to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

This argument seems well-reasoned at first glance, but fails to lend any credible evidence to support the conclusion after careful examination. The author argue that  kappa opioids are more efficacious to women  than men , who both suffer from the same kind of pain because of wisdom teeth extracted. Depending on this study, the author advises that doctors should prescribe kappa opioids for female to treat their pains whenever they need and give male another painkiller in their therapy. Resting on a series of unsubstantiated assumption the argument is therefore unpersuasive as it stands.

First of all, the research appears to have a statistic problem, which renders the research's result unreliable.  It is impossible to conclude the result from just 28 men and 20 women  who can not ensure the randomness and representativeness of this research. The number, in itself, would account for a little percentage of the painkiller users. If the author wants to get a more valid result, he should enlarge the number of paricipants and make a research including the same number of male and female. Without tackling the statictic problem of this research, the author can not persuade us to believe the validty of the  study's result.
Secondly, assuming that the number of participants is adequate enough, the arguer may not justify the validity of the research's result by the comparision between  women and men. The argument assumes to hastily that kappa opioids will necessarily result in the behavior that tha argument indicates. Perhaps, The most of famela users are much younger than the male users which is due to the different experiences between them. Moreover, it is possible that female of this research may use additional medicine caused the difference in experiences. These scenarioes woulde provide an alternative explanation for the study's conclusion.
Even assuming that the result of this study is true, the arguer could not consider kappa opioids are appropriate to female whenever painkiller is needed. It is possible that this kind of medicine may not play the same role in the killing pain caused by other kinds of disease such as headaches and arthritis, and even are not helpful to such situations.If the author can not rule out these factors, he could not definitly deduce the conclusion by the research.

Finally, assuming that kappa opioids can be given to women whenver they suffer from the pain, the author can not argue that this medicine is not useful for male and doctors should prescrible other painkeller instead of kappa opioids. As the author mentioned in the argument: " that men and women experience pain very differently from one another." , the different effects in the research betweem them may just attribute to this distinction and not the different users. The author can not regard the kappa opioids with useless compared among different kinds of pain medication. It is possible that kappa opioids may be the most efficacious medcine of painkillers. The assertion will be more persuasive if the author can impelement another study between men grouped into those taking kappa opioids only and those using other kinds of painkiller. This might be a useful  way to distinguish the effects among those painkillers applide to male.
To sum up,the author fails to strengthen his claim, because the evidence cited in this argument does not lend strong support to what the arguermaintains. Therefore, if the argument have included the given factors mentioned above, this argument could have been more thoroughly and logically acceptable.

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