米国有米寒假小组4日第九次作业之issue提纲－i20,40,46,61,142

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29."Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."

Position: negative

1)      The most content of private lives of public figures does not have any relevence to their profession.
2)      As people in th society tend to believe that public figures should expect to lose at least some of their privacy, the professions of public firgures are likely to eliminate more and more privacy of their partitioners.
3)      Since there is no well defined extent of appropriate explosure of privacy, and no such a fine line to distinguish a profession whether is public or not at all, privacy exploitation would tend to expand and eventually results a society of which people enjoy insufficient privacy and security.

40."Scholars and researchers should not be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those interests may seem."

Position: Since individual interest in a broader sense can, and ought to, include people’s driving force of contributing to a nicer society, scholars and researchers should be concerned with whether their work makes a contribution to the larger society. However, practically, scholars and researchers should explore their professional areas following their academic interest.  

1)      Many accomplished scholars and researchers has sublime pursuit of contributing to the advancement of human being. A social environment that highly values the contribution of intellectures is more likely to foster schlars and researchers with significant contribution to the larger society.
2)      However, it is not easy to identify what stduy is significant to a better human society, and overemphasis on the contributive utility and rigid social surrounding for research are harmful to efficient research.
3)      Scholars and researchers should be encouraged to sublime pursuits which make a contribution to the larger society. However, liberity at most possible magnitude should be allowed for scholars and researchers to pursue their individual interests.

46."While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation."

Position: positive

1)      The human natural of ego-driving and the reality of modern society automatically impose a sense to young people. But the sense of cooperation can be restrained by the hostility and skepticsm toward others.
2)      The sense of competition potentiates with incentive, whereas coopertion cultivated skills and infinity.
3)      Competetion and design of competition mechanism is simple and rather mechanical, involving explicit rules and rewards, whereas coopertaion requires constant settlements of conflicts, calling for art kind reactions.

61."High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition."

Position: negative

1)      The limited resource for rewarding, not only in financial term but also in terms of time and attention, suggests that recognition could only be available to a very small portion of people while compared to the large size of the society.
2)      The recognitions through awards seem more significant to outsiders of the profession, the general public, than to the insiders. People in one profession have their own assessments to people within the area. Yet, the preciousness of the awards promotes the profession by associating with the glory and distinction.
3)      The small number of recognition leads to impossibility to preclude fortunate, to a satisfactory level, in determining the winners of the awards. But understanding of this by people in the profession of award raises people’s detached attitude which is constructive in academic profession.

142."The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority."

Position: positive

1)      Questioning authority by many in the society reflects active cognitions in a broad scope, which is the premise of wisdom fueling comprehensive improvement.
2)      The subsequential defendence of authority improves the authority itself.
3)      Questioning prevents authority from arrogance, obtaining unjust advantages on their dominatnt over the emerging substituter, and losing vitality in the acedemic fields; eliminate the room for power abuse, enroachment of civil right, nonfeasance and malpractice, and pressurize the authority to its best permformance in the politic field.   

[ 本帖最后由 cckant 于 2007-2-4 20:22 编辑 ]