第一次提纲作业ISSUE142&152
http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=605829&extra=page%3D1
142."The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority." 当很多人都质疑权威的时候社会就会繁荣昌盛。
Question: 感觉有点走题，不过泛泛地写觉得没有什么深度，大家给鉴定一下吧。
Theme: Core value upon which any society depends to thrive lies in the fact that creation provides necessary impetus for people’s knowledge and development of science, and according promoting the well-being of society. No creation, no development. Generally speaking, questioning authority is the beginning of creation.
1 Theoretically，many people of society should work on with the spirit of questioning and argue against the blindness of authority.
2 Historically, questioning authority is the beginning of the breakthrough of science.
3 Besides, questioning authority need people to think seriously and to analyze scientifically, consequently judging right from wrong.
4 However, the spirit of questioning is not equal with skepticism.
To sum up, questioning authority and arguing against the blindness of authority results in the well-being of a society. We should also think and analyze scientifically before questioning authority. Moreover, avoiding skepticism is also should be reminded.
http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=408417&highlight=Issue%2B142
http://bbs.gter.ce.cn/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=408136&highlight=Issue%2B142两篇优秀习作
possible examples: 伽利略的所有试验中，最著名的恐怕应该算是“两个铁球同时落地”，这个试验推翻了亚里士多德的关于落体速度与其重量成正比的理论。
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152"The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
公司的经营者们唯一的责任就是在法律规定范围之内为他们的公司赚尽可能多的钱。
Theme:
The author contends that making as much money as possible for the companies within the law is the only responsibility of corporate executives. In other words, the author considers economic aim as the exclusive thing corporate executives should take into account. As for me, I tend to disgree with this claim and prefer considering corporations as organizations with multifold aims—economic aim, societal aim and internal development of corporation.
Admittedly, searching for economic performance is one but much significant aim for the corporation, and which is the principal thing one good corporate executive should think about.
Besides, soceital aim, which contains employee benefits、saving resources、protecting environment、works of mercy and the forth, is also one important aspect for the development of corporation the corporate executive should consider.
On the other hand, managers should also pay more attention to the internal development of corporation, which is taken into account by more and more corporations and has effect on the sustainable development of corporations.
To sum up, not only the excellent corporate executives have to focus on searching for the economic performance, but also should they take into account the societal aim and internl development of corporation.
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第二次作业，issue17 & 185提纲
17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."有两种法律：公正的和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律，但是更重要的是，更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。The speaker contends that two kinds of laws, just and unjust, are in existence, and therefore that everyone should obey just laws and disobey, even resist unjust laws. Before drawing any firm conclusion, I prefer to dig out the profound meaning when we judge the laws’ justness. Generally speaking, the most significant standard is to see whether they accord with the benefit of a great majority people rather than that of minority.
To begin with, it is undeniable that any law, when it is legislated, is based on the principles of safeguarding everyone’s legal rights. Some laws looked unjust and rigorous are necessary and in great justness actually considering most people’s benefit. （比如我国游行、示威活动必须像当地公安局报告批准才能进行，这对有些未被批准游行、示威的申请者来说可能是不公正的，但政府作出决定之前通常是基于维护社会的稳定和大多数人的利益，因此这个对特点条件下某些人来说不公正的法律事实上恰恰是非常公正的）
Moreover, people change their attitude towards the justness of laws in different period.
Besides, whether or not the law is just sometimes makes us confused. It may be just for someone but be unjust absolutely
for some others.
Finally, we should not make laws be equal with the fact of executing the laws. (美国60年代旷日持久的麦克苏利案件，是由于执法者的不公而不是法律本身)
In sum, laws, when they are legislated, are based on the principles of safeguarding everyone’s legal rights. Some laws seem unjust in the particular historical era, we safely believe that they would be modified to be just then. Besides, we should also not make laws be equal with the fact of executing the laws any more.
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185. "Scandals--whether in politics, academia, or other areas--can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."
丑闻——无论是政治、学术还是其他领域——可能会是有用的。丑闻可以用演说家或者改革家无法使用的手段让我们注意到某些问题。
Scandals, which are involved allegations of wrong-doing, disgrace, or moral outrage, appear in many areas, like politics, academia, sporting area and the forth. They reveal some hidden facts behind in some extent, and reflect more other problems which can not be focused on. Concerning scandals, the author asserts that since scandals can focus people’s attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer could, they can be useful in many areas, like politics and academia. This view, in my eyes, is fundamentally inrational in ignoring the reality of a certain scandal when it appeared. To better present my viewpoint let me illustrate it in details.
1 Firstly, it is no doubt that scandals should be discovered and condemned when they are based on every fact, no matter what aims hidden behind them. (Such as Watergate Scandal and Hwang Woo-suk academic scandal)。Unfortunately, sometimes an attempt to cover up a scandal ignites a greater scandal when the cover-up fails.
2 However, if scandals are based on the product of false allegations，it can lead to a witch-hunt against the innocent. In other words, Falsely alleged scandals, focused us on the unexisted or absolutely inaccurate things，would aggravate the situation and even result in irretrievable loss (such as, scandals, in politics sometimes are used as weapons to attack opponents, guide society to wrong ways. Moreover, direction of public opinion would be even out of control). Scandal and the secret behind are inseparably Siamese twins. Obviously, we almost can not dig up even one scandal if no whistle-blower broke it. Hence, comparing scandal itself with the hidden secret, I prefer analyzing what happened behind scandals objectively
To sum up, the appearance of scandals results from a great number of causes and sometimes can be interlaced. Simply think whether or not scandals are useful or useless has little effect on any certain areas. Instead of arbitrarily concerning scandals in itself, judging the reality of scandals and the influence they could come into being seems to be an reasonable and rational idea.
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第四次提纲作业 issue94&112提纲（112写着写着就写成全文了，汗自己~~）
94. "Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated." 大学应该要求每一个学生在自己专业课外选修各种学科，因为获得各种学科的知识才是获得真正教育的最好途径。 基本同意这个观点。但在具体操作上可以更加rational、reasonable一些。 真正教育的最好途径应该是兴趣和指导相结合，既考虑了学生的兴趣又克服了单纯从兴趣出发的盲目性。Major主要是指导学生在深度（depth）上，选修其他学科课程主要是考虑学生兴趣，使学生得到全面发展。 从培养社会需要的合格人才角度来考虑，社会既需要专才又需要通才（specialist and generalist的关系）。某一具体学科需要专才来解决，但通才有时由于其unique非单一的背景往往能从不同角度看问题，起到意想不到的效果。 但是，盲目地追求各学科知识的获得而不在major上追求深度也是不可取的。一个比较rational、可行的途径是可以分阶段教学。比如可以在大一大二先夯实基础，可以大量选修各学科知识，而大三大四集中学习专业课，这种多学科知识背景对major的学习也是大有帮助的。 issue112 112. "Some educational systems emphasize the development of students' capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions." 一些教育体系强调学生逻辑推理思维能力的发展，但是那些教学生们探究自身情绪的教育对学生们才更有好处。 What should be emphasized in the development of student’s capacity in education? Some educational systems focus on the development of reasoning and logical thinking, other persons, like the author, advocate that students would be beneficial from exploring their own emotions. This view, in my eyes, is fundamentally one-sided in ignoring the significance of both aspects and their relationship. The true education should be focus not only on improving intelligence but on emotion development. To better present my viewpoint, let me illustrate it in details. To begin with, students’ capability for reasoning and logic thinking, which represents essential points of thinking---generality and remoteness, has great influence on the development and methods of their thought. Knowledge, especially in substaintial fields, often should be recognized by reasoning and logic thinking. Moreover, much new knowledge could generate in this process. Take Newton for example, he who connected the falling of an apple with the attraction of matter generally in the universe discovers the theory of Universal Gravitation accordingly. Without well-developed reasoning and logic thinking, it could not imagine the existence of many significant theories and discoveries. Besides, since the world is becoming an increasingly eventful place, with each passing day it becomes a more onerous task for people to work hard and get promotion during their daily lives, which lead to more press upon each person’s shoulder. It seems that only intelligence, namely reasoning and logic thinking could not exert enough on people’s success. Therefore, A majority of research has been done on emotion and the result illustrate that we cannot overemphasize the significance of emotional education during people’s grow-up. It is proved that contribution of intelligence to people’s success is equal to the importance of environment and chances, which is average 20% respectively. Emotion, mainly contains consciousness, interpersonal relationship, cooperation, self-regulation and the forth, contributes the rest 60% to support people’s achievement in many fields. Plenty of examples show that many well-educated persons with excellent capability of reasoning and logic thinking, do not have such achievement as expected. These persons usually have unsteady emotional intelligence, could not adopt new environment rapidly or cooperate well with others. Obviously, it is the emotional education which is responsible for the disillusionary result. From what has been discussed above, we have sufficient reasons to believe that students will benefit well from education exploring their own emotion. Admittedly, not only intelligence but emotion have great influence on people’s success. However, whether students would benefit more from an education exploring their own emotions is still one question. Though it seems emotion have much more effect from the above percentage statistically, intelligence, which is emphasized before, is also an leading factor to people’s success. As said by some psychologists, intelligence decides job-hunting, emotion decides promotion. One-sided emphasis on either side is not rational and reasonable actually, which will have negative influence on people’s future career and promotion, development of personality and grow-up. In summary, from all the discussions above, we can safely draw the conclusion that the author’s assertion is essentially unreasonable in that students would benefit more from education focused on reasoning and logic thinking. However, both sides should be exerted in the development of students’ capability, and overemphasizing of either side could result in negative influence on their future career and promotion, development of personality and the forth.
[ 本帖最后由 aic00 于 2007-2-14 02:05 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2007-2-5 05:12:21
发表于 2007-2-5 12:56:29
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