同主题Issue13 =August Rush=小组第3次作业 by yangguang

yangguang_86UID: 2414818

I13
Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct.（建议类）
提纲：
观点：对于濒临灭绝的语言需要挽救，因为有权让后代了解这段文明，但最好不要过分的干预——不要让政府干预历史、和民族自身的发展，但有时也要适时加以利用政府力量。

1.小语种濒临灭绝是否需要采取保护？
{1}.从保护文化来看需要，一旦消失很多文明就随之消失。因为文明只有先进和落后之分，无好坏区别。必要的
{陈述 语言 的本质： 是文明的传承 ;然后，考虑语言的消失，后果是什么？ ;然后举个例子，人们从语言中学到什么}

{2}.从总体进化来看，正因为文化的侵蚀和同化，才为落后的文明注入新鲜的血液，更有生气；更利于交往和沟通。无法否认语言的消失这是残酷和不公平的，但从某种角度讲，改变的后代的生活方式更开放，接受其他的文明必然改变思想；所以不惜代价的挽回是没必要的，必然趋势}
{陈述 文化的侵蚀和同化的正面特征：，最重要的是 带来哪些好处和坏处;然后，演绎推理一下：所以考虑 人为的保护那些语言，是否也是在人为的改变某个民族的发展选择，扭曲自身的发展选择两者相辅相成;然后举个例子，如果让其自然发展，语言的变化 .}

2.政府要不要采取保护措施？

(1)仅仅依靠政府部门去做不一定是好办法——本身其冗余性，效率问题。
{陈述政府
的正面特征： 统治阶级为其自身的利益服务Gerentocratic interests ;然后，定义 小语种作为文化 的本质： 服务大众 ;然后，演绎推理一下： 1.当小语种的利益不利于政府的管理，政府会想方设法改变它，无疑让小语种灭绝；2当符合政府利益，政府为少数民族考虑，会保护
但不能忽略政府的统治地位和政策的倾向性作用。引导，颁布政策。例如鼓励支持学习该语言的学生

Mason.PDUID: 2592013

The awareness of the extinction of linguistic roots of minority peoples remarkably increased from public and governments. Much of this concern is tied to human rights: language is often recognized as a component of those rights. Preservation is needed. However, interference with the developments of languages will be counterproductive if improperly used, especially from governments.

Languages, as the connection of modern times and ancestry, record splendid cultures and civilizations that may evolve for millions of years . Thus loss of a language costs us unaffordable .
For an indigenous people, the death of a native tongue can be experienced as a crushing loss of cultural identity, because language is one of the most obvious means of expressing one’s association with the group. In addition, oral histories passed on in a certain language provide the foundation for the unique worldview of a people, and losing the language usually means losing the worldview as well. Entire histories may be lost when oral traditions die. The sounds, rhythms, and poetry that made the language unique may be gone forever. From a larger perspective, the loss of a language is incremental, much as with the disappearance of an animal species. Will humanity be able to carry on with one language fewer? Surely so, but the world’s cultural diversity will be diminished and made less rich. If languages are windows to the mind, then there is one less pane to look through.
这段文字写的着实精彩！逻辑严密,比喻论证也相当到位！

Admittedly ,it is unfair to deprive the survival of a language ,a kind of civilization , the placement of partial languages that could bring sparks for the dated style is a kind of improvement somehow. Ideas and attitudes are expressed differently in different languages, and the act of borrowing from one language to another helps people develop new ways of looking at the world. Moreover, it is a right for a people to decide its fate and the development, not for our own ,so we should have the native
to choose which language to speak. Obviously , some groups of people may decide they want to use a majority language to better their circumstances ,since it offers more prestige and economic opportunities. In order to keep the pace with the rest world ,minorities has to get access to the mass media which encourages the spread of a few chosen languages, such as satellite television beamed to the most remote corners of the globe and internet offering people around the world information and entertainment .Seeking a better life, some Native Americans in Latin America are discarding their local tongues for Spanish, and indigenous peoples of Africa are adopting French, English, or Swahili. If a people decides to abandon some of its culture ,even its language ,then let it be .

All we should do is to postpone the extinction of a language as long as we can and this is a kind of retrieval. Governments play a vital role in dealing with these languages ,but not quite of efficiency ,in that it serves for gerentocratic interests which may counter the benefits of minorities. Efforts to limit language diversity are still common in some parts of the world. For example, the southeastern African nation of Tanzania encourages people to abandon their local languages for Swahili, which is widely spoken and officially sanctioned. This policy, like others in place in East Africa, is designed to encourage a sense of national identity in an ethnically and culturally diverse country. On the other hand, through the efforts and capability of the governments, more policies should be adopted to support the development and wide spread of these languages ,not to makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation . To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism. Through the support of corresponding facilities such as bilingual school instructions and media broadcasts, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing forces of globalization.

For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. We should make it possible for these languages to be alive in the modern world while reclaiming unique identities of the minorities, while on the precondition that to respect the development of itself.

从内容上看你的观点属于中立式
论证的逻辑性和语言掌握度都很好！我实在评不出什么瑕疵！

lela900UID: 2634833

看附件~