Issue157

htpengUID：2115584

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There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer's expectations or desires.
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The speaker makes a dual claim: in the first prong, he claims that all the observation is subjective, in the second, he asserts that observations are guided by expectations or desires. I strongly agree with the first prong. When it comes to the second one, I think it needs some supplement.

Admittedly, human beings seldom make a purely observation for the reason that everyone see things different. When it comes to our everyday life, the case is always that two people hold contrary opinions on one thing. For a telling example, one may think a skirt is beautiful, but the other thinks not. And also, when talking about science, two scientists may explain a phenomenon in different ways, sometimes maybe both are reasonable. Einstein and Bohr come immediately to mind. Their famous debate finally cause the found of wave-particle duality of light. (这里我还是有些疑问，他们关于波粒二相性的争论是不是关于光的．)From today's eyes, Einstein and Bohr are both not objective enough to find the essence of light. In arts, artists may draw the same thing in different ways, which also reflects the fact that each artist has his own subjective observation in one thing.

However, when the speaker asserts that subjective observation is always guided by observer's expectations or desires, I think it is not comprehensive enough. Before the supplement is made, I will demonstrate expectations and desires' effect firstly.  Most of people tend to observe what they want to see.  They always try to demonstrate their conclusion by their own observation. Sometimes the observation is subjectively distorted to cater their wishes. When an economist is engaging in his thesis, he may improperly employ some specific examples which can't represent the comprehensive situation or illustrates some statistics which are ineffective. When doing this, his observation is focused on things which can support his thesis, but ignores others. In such way, a subjective observation is made.

Now take a look at other factors which can guide the subjective observation. Obviously, experience plays an important role in making subjective observation. One always tends to be lax when they confront with things that are once similar to him. He may be guided by his experience about it and fails to give a careful observation. In such way he may lost the essence. To get rid of the effect of experience is most important for scientists. They are more likely to overlooks certain essence for the reason that they have so much experience. Take Roentgen for example. If he neglects the faint light by experience when he was engaging in the research of Cathode ray's penetrating power, X-rays won't be found. (这个例子感觉不是很合适，但一时找不到其他代替．)

In the final analysis, the first prong of the speaker's view that no purely observation can be made is right. As for the second one, though it is right but it neglects a more important factor: experience which can guide the subjective observation.