[i习作temp] issue4 限时第一次没有经过大改动就贴上来…… [复制链接]

alcestis
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发表于 2005-8-11 11:17:13 |显示全部楼层

修改版（感谢fircatty```恩）

4、"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
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Who contribute to a field more significantly, the experts or the outsiders? Because of the discoveries make by the outsiders are always unpredicted, some people, like the speaker, would hold that the outsiders are more crucial in the advancement of a field. However, the experts, who have been long working in their own field, actually do more than the outsiders to the development of the field.

Admittedly, there are some significant discoveries which are made by the outsiders of a field. The outsiders have less experience and without much influence by the general working procedures of the field usually surprise the experts. Taking Mendel, who is considered to be the father of modern genetics, for example, it was Mendel, a monk with hardly systematic education in biology, who discovered the two basic laws of genetics, thanks to his knowledge in statistics. Before Mendel, hardly a biologist has even considered that applying statistics method into the experiments of biology. Thus, the contribution of Mendel is not only the discovery, but actually he brought a new era in biology by giving a powerful tool to his fellow biologist. Without being restrained by the so-called rules and regulations in a field, using the method the experts never thought of, that's why the outsiders sometimes brought momentous change into a field.

However, most of the significant advancements and progresses in a field are promoted by the experts. For the experts have great knowledge and deeper understanding of the field, which are gained through their longtime devotion to the study of the field. These kinds of advantages, which are exceedingly vital for great discoveries, are what make the experts surpass the outsiders. And, in most cases, the outsiders just inspire or give a hint to the experts, and assist them to make the breakthrough. One needs to look no further than the discovery of the genetic code to see it is true. The concept of genetic code was originally put forward by Schrodinger, a famous physicist. Schrodinger got the idea of a code from physics and he assumed that the living creature was determined by a similar code. But raising a suggestion was all Schrodinger could do, it is the biologist who found the code and revealed the secret of heredity and variation. An inspiration is important, for it can accelerate the discovery, but the knowledge and experience as well as devotion is even more important.

In addition, it is usually the experts of a field who take the method and knowledge of other fields into their own, not as the speaker claims, the outsiders will voluntarily bring their knowledge. Experts, with their experience and deep understanding of their field, are more sensitive to the knowledge or methods that could give a hand to their studies. Considering the using of x-ray, x-ray was a traditional diagnostic method for fracture, but the chemists brought it into their field to analyzes the three dimensional structure of a molecular. And the same method, introduced in to the field of molecular biology by the biologists, directly led to the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA.

All in all, although the contribution of the outsiders can not be denied, the advancement in a field is generally promoted by the experts, for they have more knowledge and experience in their own field.

============原文========================

4、"No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
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How can a field of study significantly advance? Who contribute more to the progress, the experts in that field or the outsiders? Some people hold that a field of study can never advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge. In my view, there are some situations that the knowledge of the outsiders directly leads to the great breakthrough of a field. But in general, the outsiders’ knowledge just serves as a hint to the experts, and it is usually the experts who select and bring the knowledge from other fields into their own.

Admittedly, sometimes outsiders contribute greatly to a field of study, and made great discovery of another field themselves. Take Mendel, who is considered the father of modern genetics, for example. Mendel was a monk and did not receive systematic education in biology, but it was him who discovered the basic laws of genetics, thanks to his knowledge in statistics. His contribution to biology was not limited in his discovery, he also brought the method of statistics into the field of biology, thus create a new era in the study of biology.

However, people should be aware that Mendel and similar others are just exceptional. Most of the significant progresses in a field were and still will be promoted by the experts in that field. And the knowledge out of that field just inspires them or gives them a hint. Some philosophers claim that the world was under the control of a single theory and everything functions according to a same rule, thus every field of study is the same in the sense the things in the world obeys the same rule. This kind of assertion may sound a little bit arbitrary, but some discoveries in science support it. And that is partly why sometimes the knowledge of a field can be uses into another field. However, admitting the underlying theory of all the disciplines are the same, it does not mean people can use the same method to solve the problem in every disciplines, maybe in the future but not now. The experts are the people who have more knowledge and experience of their own fields; they understand the field much better than the outsiders. Generally, the experts rather than outsiders contribute more to a field of study. Considering the discovery of genetic code, the concept of the genetic code was originally put forward by Schrodinger, a famous physicist. Schrodinger got the idea from physics and assumed that animals share the same rule. But except suggesting this Scrodinger can do nothing more. It is the biologists finally found the genetic code and revealed the secret of life. Therefore, without the effort of the experts, the advancement of a field is generally impossible, the knowledge of the outsiders usually just serve as a hint.

In addition, more often than not, it is the experts of a field select and bring the knowledge of other field inside their own field. Not as the speaker claims that the outsiders will voluntarily bring their knowledge. The experts are more sensitive to the outside knowledge which may be useful to their own study, and are more likely to get better use of them.

All in all, in some situation, the outsiders may greatly promote a field of study by bring their knowledge into a field. However, generally the experts of a field contribute more to the advancement of their own field, not the outsiders.

[ Last edited by alcestis on 2005-8-11 at 20:36 ]

2005 Aug 25 北京
努力改文（别人的和自己的）~~ooo

[i习作temp] issue4 限时 第一次没有经过大改动就 贴上来…… [复制链接]

[i习作temp] issue4 限时第一次没有经过大改动就贴上来…… [复制链接]