ISSUe70 米国有米寒假3日第八次作业

cckantUID: 2247822

TOPIC: ISSUE70 - "In any profession-business, politics, education, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
WORDS: 614          TIME: 0:59:12          DATE: 2007-2-3

Outline:
1,  leadership的轮换能够使企业保持活力
2，但企业的长期发展也必需一定的延续性

It is important for any profession to be flexible while operating in the modern information era, which is characterized as instant access to information and rapid changing operating environment. Those in power in profession alternates after a period of tenure would serve to institute an approach to flexibility. However, on the ground that not continuity in professional operation of enterprise is also a vital factor, I do not agree with that the surest path to success is revitalization through new leadership.

To begin with, alternate leadership contributes to constitute a vigorous stimulation for an enterprise to innovate and progress in the modern social environment. There are innumerable cases to be studied by MBA students that a company survives after instates a new executive, who success to set and carry out a revolutionary strategy, and hence save an endangered enterprise out for crisis. These dramatic cases includes IBM's switching its primary concentration to business service from producing PC, and Apple's launch of iPod MP3 player after the founder of Apple became the CEO of the company again after a long leave. In addition, alternate leadership helps prevent harmful personal factors of the leaders to accumulate and are eventually recognized only when the enterprise finds itself in serious troubles. People, special leaders who in a position require necessary authority to perform their jobs, tend to deny mistakes, shortcoming, and oversight to their behavior and themselves. A long tenure for a leader is likely to cover and impress such mistakes and shortcomings, rather than to fundamentally eradicate them. For example, the Mao, the former chairman of China, kept denying the mistake in launching the Culture Revolution, even though this political movement gave disaster to the life to Chinese people, lasted for a decade and even leaved substantial negative effect in the national culture. The necessity for this event to has perishing impact for such a long time is that essentially the essential topmost leadership in the period remained unchanged. Unsurprisingly, this mishap to the nation ended right after to the death to Mao.

However, a healthy enterprise to have longevity needs continuity in its tradition, culture and operation. On one hand, simple claim that people in power should step down after five years is actually a rigid institution in contradiction with the flexibility objective to enterprise. For example, the former president of the United States during the Second World War, Franklin D. Rosertfood, directed the country more than two regular tenures, which is contradicted with nation's political tradition. However, his continuous policy and stands in the war period ensured that the country is able to focus its attention on the critical issues, and effectively success in the war. On the other hand, continuity to an enterprise is crucial to the longevity of an enterprise as unfettered and excessive flexibility depletes an enterprise too much resource and energy to adjust the frequent changes, and disable the enterprise to gain potential benefit to an advised move, causing the inability to keep itself on the track of right long term development. There was a study found that more than 70% of corporate merges experienced financial and operational hardship for period more than three years immediately after merges and before they are proved to be success or failure. It suggests that the adjustment to changes can be too costly to afford.

In the final analysis, I suggest that in any profession, no matter in business or government, an institution well balanced between flexibility and continuity must be set up to guarantee a smooth and vigor operation and development. Rigid rule about the tenure of those in power and the reliance to the revitalization through new leadership to success should be critically considered in a careful cost-benefit basis.

holdingUID: 2285054

It is important for any profession to be flexible while operating in the modern information era, which is characterized as instant access to information and rapid changing operating environment (surrounding) . Those in power in profession alternates after a period of tenure would serve to institute an approach to flexibility (有这样的用法吗？). However, on the ground that not continuity in professional operation of enterprise is also a vital (这个词有点太大，这个的意思有“致命”的意思，可以换成significant 等) factor, I do not agree with that the surest path to success is revitalization through new leadership.

To begin with, alternate leadership contributes to constitute a vigorous stimulation for an enterprise to innovate and progress in the modern social environment. There are innumerable cases to be studied by MBA students that a company survives after instates a new executive, who success to set and carry out a revolutionary strategy, and hence save an endangered enterprise out for crisis. These dramatic cases includes (include) IBM's switching its primary concentration to business service from producing PC, and Apple's launch of iPod MP3 player after the founder of Apple became the CEO of the company again after a long leave. In addition, alternate leadership helps prevent harmful personal factors of the leaders to accumulate and are (主语是什么呢？不是很清楚) eventually recognized only when the enterprise finds itself in serious troubles. People, special leaders (不是很明白，你是不是想说especially the leaders ) who in a position require necessary authority to perform their jobs, tend to deny mistakes, shortcoming, and oversight to their behavior and themselves. A long tenure for a leader is likely to cover and impress such mistakes and shortcomings, rather than to fundamentally eradicate them. For example, the Mao, the former chairman of China, kept denying the mistake in launching the Culture Revolution, even though this political movement gave disaster to the life to Chinese people, lasted for a decade and even leaved substantial negative effect in the national culture. The necessity for this event to has perishing impact for such a long time is that essentially the essential topmost leadership in the period remained unchanged. Unsurprisingly, this mishap to the nation ended right after to the death to Mao. 最后应该有一个对于例子的说明，还应该有对于第一段的总结，让段落感觉更整齐。

However, a healthy enterprise to have longevity needs continuity in its tradition, culture and operation. On one hand, simple claim that people in power should step down after five years is actually a rigid institution in contradiction with the flexibility objective to enterprise. For example, the former president of the United States during the Second World War, Franklin D. Rosertfood, directed the country more than two regular tenures, which is contradicted with nation's political tradition. However, his continuous policy and stands in the war period ensured that the country is able to focus its attention on the critical issues, and effectively success in the war. On the other hand, continuity to an enterprise is crucial to the longevity of an enterprise as unfettered and excessive flexibility depletes an enterprise too much resource and energy to adjust the frequent changes, and disable the enterprise to gain potential benefit to an advised move, causing the inability to keep itself on the track of right long term development. There was a study found that more than 70% of corporate merges experienced financial and operational hardship for period more than three years immediately after merges and before they are proved to be success or failure. It suggests that the adjustment to changes can be too costly to afford. 第二段论述挺好的，结构明确，语言流畅。

In the final analysis, I suggest that in any profession, no matter in business or government, an institution well balanced between flexibility and continuity must be set up to guarantee a smooth and vigor operation and development. Rigid rule about the tenure of those in power and the reliance to the revitalization through new leadership to success should be critically considered in a careful cost-benefit basis.