米国有米寒假小组8号提纲作业

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127"Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our

passions."

Position: Factors are indeed stubborn. However, only the past facts and present facts cannot not be altered by out wished, our inclinations, or the dictates or our passions. The facts in future, however, are within some control of human being, to the extent that how human being inclines to believe so.

1, Facts have their set of determinant in the past, and such determinants are independent of our current wishes, inclination or dictates of out passions. People should recognize the existence and the nature of facts.

2, However, facts are only determined up to the present moment. Facts in the future are uncertain, and even if past and present facts have lasting influence to the future, the extent to which they influence the future issues, are largely dependent on people’s effort at the present, which in turn is determinant our wished, our inclinations, and the dictates of our passions.

3, Thus, as the old saying, one should accept the truth that is unchangeable, to be brave to change what is achievable, and have the wisdom to distinguish them. That is, to have a clear mind when study facts, to identify things that is and will out of control of human being, and to chase our well being with faith following our wished, inclinations, and dictates of our passions.

136"The absence of choice is a circumstance that is very, very rare."

Position: The absence of choice is more a psychological experience rather than a real circumstance.

1, There are at lease two choice for a person in any circumstance, to do or not to do.

2, However, whether one feels himself/herself with an dilemma of no choice is mostly determined by his/her belief in life.

3, The absence of choice may or may not be a good feeling in various circumstance. It is more importance to build up an optimistic and vigorous faith to underpin our life.

157"There is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by

the observer's expectations or desires."

Position: conserved positive

1, In absolute term, all theory and facts are estimated by approximations. A scientist used to say all science is wrong if we go into a certain level of detail.

2, Human has its limit in rationality. A great Mathematician in the early 20th century has proved that any logical system based on numbers can not be both consistent and complete to the whole set of truth.

3, However, lack of absolute objectivity does not undermine the validity of modern human achievement and the feasibility of future pursuits.  

[ 本帖最后由 cckant 于 2007-2-9 09:33 编辑 ]