Iissue4&argument143 小鸡快跑

longxuUID: 2290268

TOPIC: ISSUE4 - "No field of study canadvance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience tothat field of study."

Can any endeavor of study make progresssignificantly if outsiders do not bring their knowledge and experience to thatendeavor of study, as the speaker claims? I fundamentally agree that theoutsiders bring a multitude of knowledge and ideas to many field of study.However, the speaker unnecessary expands its assertion to all thecircumstances.

The well developed fields, such asmathematics, are indeed relatively independent fields of study. To supportingexamples, one need look no further than mathematics. The geometry is foundedmany years ago, and there are enough accumulations and theories for its owndevelopment. Moreover, due to the abstruse and abstract character, it isusually difficult for other sciences to bring their knowledge and experience tothe geometry, though they are relevant to eachother in some sense.

Yet, it is under most cases that themajority of fields of study can get knowledge and experience from the otherfields, whether in social science or in the endeavor of the science.

As for the social science, along with thedevelopment of economy and the technology, theproblems which human beings have to be confronted with are all over the world.What is a striking example to illustrate this opinion of mine, as the case maybe, the traffic jam and the analysis of mathematics which is so abstract andprofound as discuss above. Yet, it is amazing for people to find that the statistical analysis can be applicable to deal withthe traffic jam. In the course of analysis, the automobile can be interpretedas a unite on the line which is the symbol ofroad or streets. And, through the analysis, we can know more information abouthow to regulate effectively the traffic at morning or evening when people are on the road to work or home.

Another example is the historic achievement which is under debate for several years is the theory of quantum mechanics founded by a galaxy of scientist, including Planck, Albert Einstein, and Bohr. Nevertheless, we should understand the quantum mechanicswell on the basis which can be founded by the classic theory  of theory derived from Issas Newton's laws of motion, the Maxwell's electro-magnet theory and the statistical thermodynamics. That is, it is the knowlege and experiece that many sciectist brougt from their own researches and disciplines to analyse and evetually solve the problem. When the theory of quantum mechanics just came out, there was only several persons who can understand it clearly, in that there were too many knowledge and formula from different fields of research. However, quantum mechanics,which can radically solve with many disciplines'  assumptions and conclusions the problems which confuse human hundreds of years,is indeed the most marvelous achievement of human history.

From what has been discussed and theexamples aforementioned, we can safely draw the conclusion that it is throughthe knowledge from other fields of study that one field can advance greatly inmany circumstances. But we cannot rule out the other cases, there are indeedsome disciplines which are well developed and do not need the knowledge and theories of the other fields. Thus, I fundamentally agree with the assertion ofthe speaker.



TOPIC: ARGUMENT143 - The following appearedas a letter to the editor of a national newspaper.
"Your recent article on corporatedownsizing* in the United  States is misleading. The article gives themistaken impression that many competent workers who lost jobs as a result ofdownsizing face serious economic hardship, often for years, before findingother suitable employment. But this impression is contradicted by a recentreport on the United Stateseconomy, which found that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than havebeen eliminated. The report also demonstrates that many of those who lost theirjobs have found new employment. Two-thirds of the newly created jobs have beenin industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the vast majority ofthese jobs are full-time."
*Downsizing is the process in whichcorporations deliberately reduce the number of their employees.


The argument concludes that the recentarticle on corporate downsizing in the United States is not well based onthe fact. To support the conclusion, the author presents another article whichis also about the economy and the new employments. However, the assumption uponwhich the author relies is dubious and convincing, therefore, in some criticalaspects.

First of all, the author unfairly assumesthat the responders and the situations which are discussed in the two articlesare same in all circumstances. It is entirely likely that the responders fromthe two articles are not of the same areas of the Unite States. It is alsolikely that the people took in the former article's survey when he was out ofwork, and then took in the latter survey when he had got a suitable job. Thus,there are insufficient similarities to support the conclusion that the formerarticle is misleading.

Next point, the assumption that the latterarticle demonstrates that many of those who lost their jobs have got new employmentis not unconvincing. The author does not provide clear evidence to support it. Becausethere is an increasing number of people who just graduate and are looking forjobs in the society, it is also possible that the majority of the newly createdjobs are got. Even though many people have found their jobs as the latterarticle reports, it is also possible that there are still many people who havenot found their job. Unless the argument are able to supple the persuasivepercentage or ratio between the two group aforementioned. We cannot accept theassumption that a multitude of people has got their jobs.

Last but not least, the author fails totake into account the all possibilities about the information of the competentworkers in the former article. Perhaps, the competent workers, owing to thereason such as sex, age, the character of their proficient work, cannot findsuitable employment which cannot be from the newly created jobs. Or perhaps,the competent workers have a big family to support and they cannot obtainenough money to afford the whole expense of living, even though they find thesuitable jobs in the recently created jobs.

To sum up, the argument is indeed logicalunsound with the existing evidence about the situation from the latter article.To better assess it, I need to know whether the responders of the two articlesare of the same group in the same areas and at the same time. And the authorshould provide more information about the people who lost their jobs.

[ 本帖最后由 longxu 于 2007-3-6 08:06 编辑 ]

longxuUID: 2290268

为什么有的字会连在一起呢？
从word过来就这幅德行了。  :mad