〓DIES IN FLAMES〓组 NO题 分析研讨——NO.2-2-B-S

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占。。

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18.Which of the following statements best describes the conclusion drawn by Brown (lines 14-17)
(A) A change in tide schedule is the primary influence on an oyster’s rhythms. 这里欠扁还有is，绝对了。与possible不符，其实这题整体都是考possible这一个词。

She noted that the oysters initially opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut, but that after fourteen days their rhythms had adapted to the tide schedule in Illinois.

小北注意看这句，所以20题的有些分析有点问题。绿色是我补充的。

20.Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Brown’s conclusion?（这题关键还是把我住Brown的观点以及他的研究过程，还要注意most这个词，或许有几个都可以weaken，这种情况下就要做比较。下面我一个一个说。）
(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.（关于after high tide，文中没有给出任何信息，Brown调查背景是在high tide这个环境下，过后的情况不考虑，或至少不是重点。这选项和选项C比的话差远了。）
这个不应该是考虑相关性的问题。潮后关闭也可以理解为一种习性。关键问题是这个选项也只是说明了与原文相似的情况：环境影响习性。

(B) The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tide schedule in Illinois throughout thirty days of observation.（虽然时间上有所推迟，从14天变成了30天，但最后还是适应了，也就符合Brown的观点，时间上的差异并不会对brown的观点产生很大的影响。）

(C) Sixteen days after they were moved to Illinois, the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut.（这点可以削弱Brown的观点，根据这个现象，我们可以推出与Brown的相反观点，即生物保持了在原来环境中的behaviour.这个削弱里已经很强了，是不是最强看下面两个。）* h2 f- a; |* U$ _# L

(D) A scientist who brought Maryland oysters to Maine found that the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Maine.（这显然没任何影响，地方不同啊，就和AW中的类比错误一样。谁说oysters在Maryland 的习性就是opened的呢？大家体会下是不是这样。）
argue上瘾了额。。这里同样也是说明了环境影响了习性的问题。换个地方也一样则confirm了B的观点。

(E) In an experiment similar to Brown’s, a scientist was able to establish a clear causal relationship between environmental change and behavioral rhythms（这句话等于没说，没影响，你所谓的那个 clear causal relationship说不定还为Brown提供有力证据呢。）

综述一下，这题是推断题，所以不用太去怀疑内容的客观性，而是从联系入手。找出原文与选项的对应关系即可。当然小北那样也是可以的。错项的多解性。呵呵。



整篇文章其实可以看成这样一个行文： 综述--例一---例二 短文章，这几次分析下来，基本都是这么个行文方式。把握主题句+分论点关系+细节词。基本就ok了。

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基本同意小北观点，只有一点不同：


(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.（关于after high tide，文中没有给出任何信息，Brown调查背景是在high tide这个环境下，过后的情况不考虑，或至少不是重点。这选项和选项C比的话差远了。）
这个不应该是考虑相关性的问题。潮后关闭也可以理解为一种习性。关键问题是这个选项也只是说明了与原文相似的情况：环境影响习性。

不同意cmj的分析，同意小北的: W* O4 r8 b' i$ C- c

(B)The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tideschedule in Illinois throughout thirty days of observation.（虽然时间上有所推迟，从14天变成了30天，但最后还是适应了，也就符合Brown的观点，时间上的差异并不会对brown的观点产生很大的影响。）

这个答案的意思是整个观察期30天内oyster保持了adaption状态，文中意思是14天后oyster adapt了新的tide schedule。这个答案实际上是加强了Brown的观点，而不是小北说的简单的由14天变成30天
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(C) Sixteen days after they were moved to Illinois, the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut.（这点可以削弱Brown的观点，根据这个现象，我们可以推出与Brown的相反观点，即生物保持了在原来环境中的behaviour.这个削弱里已经很强了，是不是最强看下面两个。）
这里强调16天后仍然没有adapt，当然削弱Brown的观点。而且答案里面只有这一个是削弱观点的。理所当然选这个

这个题我居然做错了，主要是答案B没看懂什么意思就选了。也跟在电脑前做题有关。不能对这电脑做阅读，要命啊
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17.% ~/ G% e+ ~. P, F, S+ m
All of the following could be considered examples of exogenous influences on an organism EXCEPT the influence of the（这道题其实相当简单的，hormone就可以说明一切）
(A) level of a hormone on a field mouse’s readiness for mating* Z1 C! {* X8 f" _
(B) temperature of a region on a bear’s hibernation
(C) salt level of a river on a fish’s migration* G5 y( h0 T3 l
(D) humidity of an area on a cat’s shedding of its fur, w. u) P2 d- `
(E) proximity of an owl on a lizard’s searching for food  R1 s- v6 l: C; O

18.
Which of the following statements best describes the conclusion drawn by Brown (lines 14-17)  S: M% }: g! K( M" |8 x
(A) A change in tide schedule is the primary influence on an oyster’s rhythms./ [3 F, @+ Z9 w2 u9 V6 a- b
(B) A change in tide schedule may be an important exogenous influence on an oyster’s rhythms.（a change in tide schedule is one of several possible exogenous influences (those outside the organism) on the oysters’ rhythms.原文的同义改写）
(C) Exogenous influences, such as a change in tide schedule, seldom affect an oyster’s rhythms.
(D) Endogenous influences have no effect on an oyster’s rhythms.0 S) s  m) z* u$ N2 x# n
(E) Endogenous influences are the only influences on an oyster’s rhythms.

19.本题中I是实验结果，II是实验过程中的观察要素，III是实验的前期条件。大家可以很容易想到哪一个应该是不同的。
The passage suggests that Brown’s study was similar to Hamner’s in which of the following ways?) D7 h# ]: u9 m* R
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Both experimenters discovered that a new environment had a significant effect on an organism’s behavior rhythms.（I直接可以判定为是错误的。这样考试的时候可以迅速的排除A,C,E。而III是实验需要具备的元素之一。因此可以迅速的选出D）


II." }7 m( A! t$ X" Y
Both experimenters observed an organism’s behavioral rhythms after the organism had been transported to a new environment.
III.
Both experimenters knew an organism’s rhythmic patterns in its original environment.2 s7 W- b- _$ e
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III$ ?, \. P' k# j1 a0 _. T
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20.7
没看清题，选B了……其实如果看清的话这道题还真没什么好说的……X* Q7 K+ S6 f% q. M& z
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Brown’s conclusion?, C* L/ K( Q6 F' o/ U2 D% x4 k4 X
(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.+ K$ m# m0 K9 W2 b& B
(B) The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tide schedule in Illinois throughout thirty days of observation.& @$ |2 c9 o, p% k% T6 ^5 w
(C) Sixteen days after they were moved to Illinois, the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut.$ A  Q0 V8 D. C) f
(D) A scientist who brought Maryland oysters to Maine found that the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Maine.
(E) In an experiment similar to Brown’s, a scientist was able to establish a clear causal relationship between environmental change and behavioral rhythms.


这个答案的意思是整个观察期30天内oyster保持了adaption状态，文中意思是14天后oyster adapt了新的tide schedule。这个答案实际上是加强了Brown的观点，而不是小北说的简单的由14天变成30天
(同意这个观点）

整体感觉这篇文章其实不难，但是一定要细心，而且重要的是把速度提上去。
最后要说的是，我恨这个颜色编辑器……Orz

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占

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占个。。。等前面。。。

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等待

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补充一下
SECTION BAlthough scientists observe that an organism’s behavior falls into rhythmic patterns, they disagree about how these patterns are affected when the organism is transported to a new environment. One experimenter, Brown, brought oysters from Connecticut waters to Illinois waters. She noted that the oysters initially opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut, but that after fourteen days their rhythms had adapted to the tide schedule in Illinois. Although 1、【she could not posit an unequivocal causal relationship between behavior and environmental change, Brown concluded that a change in tide schedule is one of several possible exogenous influences】
(those outside the organism) on the oysters’ rhythms. Another experimenter, Hamner, however, discovered that hamsters from California maintain their original rhythms even at the South Pole. He concluded that endogenous influences (those inside the organism) seem to affect an organism’s rhythmic behavior.
17.
All of the following could be considered examples of exogenous influences on an organism EXCEPT the influence of the细节推理，但是比较简单
(A) level of a hormone （激素很明显是内部影响）on a field mouse’s readiness for mating
(B) temperature of a region on a bear’s hibernation
(C) salt level of a river on a fish’s migration
(D) humidity of an area on a cat’s shedding of its fur（A）
(E) proximity of an owl on a lizard’s searching for food
18.
Which of the following statements best describes the conclusion drawn by Brown (lines 14-17)细节题，但是出现了A这样的干扰项，不过也比较简单，对应文中1、，Brown其实只是觉得exogenous factors 是影响因素之一，而且他不确定外部和内部因素之间的关系
(A) A change in tide schedule is the primary influence on an oyster’s rhythms.A的问题就是primary上，没有primary,只有one of
(B) A change in tide schedule may be an important exogenous influence on an oyster’s rhythms.
(C) Exogenous influences, such as a change in tide schedule, seldom affect an oyster’s rhythms.
(D) Endogenous influences have no effect on an oyster’s rhythms.（B）
(E) Endogenous influences are the only influences on an oyster’s rhythms.
19.
The passage suggests that Brown’s study was similar to Hamner’s in which of the following ways?
I.
Both experimenters discovered that a new environment had a significant effect on an organism’s behavior rhythms.只有B的结果证明了环境可能有影响
II.
Both experimenters observed an organism’s behavioral rhythms after the organism had been transported to a new environment.研究的基础就是生物节律，自然有这一点
III.
Both experimenters knew an organism’s rhythmic patterns in its original environment.对，因为研究方法都是一样的，从就环境到新环境，一就环境的状态作对照
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) II and III only（D）
(E) I, II, and III
20.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Brown’s conclusion?推理题，所谓weaken B’s conclusion，就是要说明环境因素是不起作用的
(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.这正好说明是环境因素的作用
(B) The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tide schedule in Illinois throughout thirty days of observation.这条结果，没有说明环境是不是一个因素，实际上，凭借它不能做什么判断
(C) Sixteen days after they were moved to Illinois, the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut. 这说明只要是high tide它们都要那样那样，与在C还是在I没有什么关系，这是削弱了环境影响说
(D) A scientist who brought Maryland oysters to Maine found that the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Maine.我觉得什么都说明不了（C）
(E) In an experiment similar to Brown’s, a scientist was able to establish a clear causal relationship between environmental change and behavioral rhythms.
能够说明二者的关系不一定就表示weaken B’s conclusion，甚至还可能支持
出题点归纳和总结
Although scientists observe that an organism’s behavior falls into rhythmic patterns, they disagree about how these patterns are affected when the organism is transported to a new environment. （主题句，有助于把握出题方向）One experimenter, Brown, brought oysters from Connecticut waters to Illinois waters. She noted that the oysters initially opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut, but that after fourteen days their rhythms had adapted to the tide schedule in Illinois. Although she could not posit an unequivocal causal relationship between behavior and environmental change, Brown concluded that a change in tide schedule is one of several possible exogenous influences(those outside the organism) on the oysters’ rhythms. （实验结论，细节题和推理题出题点，关键是把握这个作者究竟得出了什么结论）Another experimenter, Hamner, however, discovered that hamsters from California maintain their original rhythms even at the South Pole. He concluded that endogenous influences (those inside the organism) seem to affect an organism’s rhythmic behavior.（同样又是实验结论。两个结论虽然简单，但是他们的不同组合可以出出很多题目，关键在于他们意义的真正理解，这样在推理提示才能做出正确解答）

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20.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken Brown’s conclusion?
(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.(这个选项，我觉得是印证了Brown的观点，high tide 之后，oyster又closed their shells。这个不是说会顺着环境的改变而改变么)
(B) The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tide schedule in Illinois throughout thirty days（这个我个人理解是大概就是说试验观察了30天，而这期间自始至终maintain adaptation。我还是没能完全理解这个maintain their adaptation，到底是变还是保持？） of observation.
(C) Sixteen days after they were moved to Illinois, the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Connecticut.9 a' a- T3 I7 j% V. o5 |* l# `
(D) A scientist who brought Maryland oysters to Maine found that the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Maine.（这个错误的原因是因为没介绍mareland的情况么？）X: H
(E) In an experiment similar to Brown’s, a scientist was able to establish a clear causal relationship between environmental change and behavioral rhythms

玫红色是我自己的看法，大红色是疑问

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这个题相对来说还不算太难，不过第20题做错了。小北的分析很详细也很有道理，赞一个，不过和cmj一样，对20题的D选项解释，不敢苟同，我认为是增强了brown结论的说服力，所以不能是正确选项

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大家讨论的焦点是20啦

(A) The oyster gradually closed their shells after high tide in Illinois had passed.（关于after high tide，文中没有给出任何信息，Brown调查背景是在high tide这个环境下，过后的情况不考虑，或至少不是重点。这选项和选项C比的话差远了。）
这个不应该是考虑相关性的问题。潮后关闭也可以理解为一种习性。关键问题是这个选项也只是说明了与原文相似的情况：环境影响习性。

关于这个我同意cmj说法，这里不能死扣题目的客观性，而是要对选项进行分析

(B)The oysters’ behavioral rhythms maintained their adaptation to the tideschedule in Illinois throughout thirty days of observation.（虽然时间上有所推迟，从14天变成了30天，但最后还是适应了，也就符合Brown的观点，时间上的差异并不会对brown的观点产生很大的影响。）

这个答案的意思是整个观察期30天内oyster保持了adaption状态，文中意思是14天后oyster adapt了新的tide schedule。这个答案实际上是加强了Brown的观点，而不是小北说的简单的由14天变成30天

嗯，这里天天的理解是对的

我还是没能完全理解这个maintain their adaptation，到底是变还是保持？）

TO JOY：是变了，因为这个adaptation是对I的适应

(D) A scientist who brought Maryland oysters to Maine found that the oysters opened their shells widest when it was high tide in Maine.（这显然没任何影响，地方不同啊，就和AW中的类比错误一样。谁说oysters在Maryland 的习性就是opened的呢？大家体会下是不是这样。）
上瘾了额。。这里同样也是说明了环境影响了习性的问题。换个地方也一样则confirm了B的观点

这个D同意cmj，对GRE阅读里选项客观性的纠缠是没必要的，它主要考察的是对选项、题目和文章之间的联系，MS那种选项本身有待考证的题很少见，想必这也应该不是G阅读要考的重点吧，至少我做这几篇NO都米见过哎。。。。。。。