issue 157 球拍

tmytgzzxyUID: 2628459

Issue 157:there is no such thing as purely objective observation. All observation is subjective; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or desires.
提纲：部分同意
1作者强调没有纯粹客观的观察，所有观察都是主观的，都受观察着主观愿望和期望的支配。我倾向于不同意作者的观点。尽管有些观察是带有主观色彩的，但有些观察是客观的 不受观察者的影响。
2在日常生活中，演讲者的观点似乎有很多优点。毕竟，很多观察是不可避免的带有主观的色彩。例如，蒙娜丽莎的微笑 对于同一段音乐的感受 对于同一段风景的看法 对于历史人物和事件的评论等。谚语 一千个人眼中有一千个哈姆雷特
3然而，科学领域 对于自然现象和规律的观察是客观的。不受观察者的愿望支配的。例子：地心说 两个铁球同时落地 微观领域的观察。
4演讲者会指出对于同一现象不同的科学家可能得出不同的理论，这似乎反驳了我的观点.但是这一观点在两点上是站不住脚的。首先，演讲者混淆了观察与解释，不同科学家的观察和研究都是客观的，得出不同的结论是因为对观察结果的解释可能是主观的，这并不能否认观察过程本身的客观性。其次，客观的观察并不一定导致正确的结果。观察受到时代和工具的制约。观察结果可以是客观但不准确的。绝对的真实是我们所追求的，而客观的观察使我们可以做到的
5总之，主观观察是不可避免的，客观观察是存在的。
The speaker extremely claims that all observation are subjective and are colored by the observer’s expectations or desires. I tend to disagree with the issue for some reasons. Although a lot of observation is affected by subjective senses, there is still numerous observation which is objective and unchangeable with the observer’s desires as talked below.
The speaker’s assertion seems to have many merits when come to daily life. After all, observation will be melted with the observer’s minds inevitably in some cases. As the saying goes “There are one thousand different hamlets in one thousand different individuals’ eyes.” One’s observation is affected by his background, liberty level, professional knowledge, the mood at that time and the like. There are many examples strongly supporting this point. The Mona Lisa’ s smile might means happiness to some people while others might consider that it suggests sorrow and grief; for the same symphony of Beethoven, someone see the hope and success of life, however, some others might stare at the difficulties and losses; when observe a new dress, common people may pay attention to the appearance ,on the contrary, a fashion designer would focus on the mentality of designing and the style. The reason why the observers draw distinct conclusions from the same things is that they mixed observation with their own ideas and thoughts, and the subjective senses have great influence on the angle of observation.
Although humans are used to observing things with subjective ideas, objective observation still exists. One need to look for it no further than the scientific area, the observation of the science phenomenon and physical principles are objective and stubborn which are not guided by the observer’s desires and expectations. If not, it is impossible for humans to learn the nature of the world and the essential of the universe precisely. Two convincing instances demonstrate this opinion: think about the Copernicus’ “the heliocentric theory”, it is nothing but the objective observation that contributes to the theory. In his period, people believed the earth was the centre of the universe to cater to the desire that human beings are the leader of all creatures. Contrary to the expectation, Copernicus came up with the theory on the base of years’ observation which are pure objective and depends on the reality only. Another example is the Galileo’s conclusion, people at that time all believed that a heavier iron ball fell faster than a lighter one, while Galileo noticed that the two different balls touched the ground at the same time, his observation is stick to the facts without any subjective sense. From this point of view, we can easily draw conclusion that the speaker’s contention is ramshackle.
The speaker might point out the fact that different scientist can build diverse theories according to the same phenomena, and some would be proved to be wrong which seems to run counter to my opinion that the scientific observation is objective. This convention is indefensible in two respects. Firstly, the speaker seems to confuse observation with interpretation. Theories are just explanations to the observed results, which are subjective and guided by the observers in deed. However , subjective interpretations are not equal to subjective observations. The observe process itself is not changed by the subjective desires. Secondly, objective observation might not lead to the truth of an event for the reason that observation is restricted by the times and the observe tools. The observe results can be objective though not precise. The absolute truth is what we are chasing for, while the objectivity is what we can achieve.
In the final analysis, subjective observation is inevitable and make the
world colorful and creative, while objective observation exists as well.

shuaiwhuUID: 2729769

写得好，我自己认为这个很难写的。