[YB2] 7月6号作业 by lossingzone

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

1、教育的根本目的不仅仅是让学生获得知识，更重要的是获得一种继续学习的能力，这种能力是适应社会和改造自然所必不可少的，是人类文明不断向前所必须的。强迫学生参加各种不同的非专业课程，从某种程度上，固然使学生获得各种的知识，对学生的综合能力的提高以及开阔视野可能都有好处，但这种方式有很多弊端。一种更好的教育模式是引导教育，通过培养学生的多种兴趣爱好，引导他们主动学习，培养他们终身学习的理念，培养独立思考和解决问题的能力。
2、首先，拓广学生知识面是有必要的。这可以拓广学生视野，提高综合素质，避免狭隘的视觉，同时对于专业来说，学科交流和融合能够带来新的思想和活力。很多优秀的人都有广泛的兴趣爱好，像爱因斯坦喜欢艺术，小提琴拉得很好；很多数学家都通晓物理，如庞加莱。反之，知识面过于狭隘，只专注专业知识可能带来人文的缺失，当前很多理工科学生的写作水平相当糟糕，写出来的论文惨不忍睹。
3、但是需要看到，大学强迫学生多修读非专业课的做法是不明智的，效果也不会好。一方面，这增加了学生负担，会影响专业课学习；其次，从心理学角度，强迫性学习通常会引起学生反感，尽管这对学生是有好处的，但是学生未必领情，即使选了这些课，也难保证真正有所收获，可能只是为了获取学分，应付学校而已；再次，这容易导致专业人才的培养上出现偏颇，培养不出足够多足够好的专业人才，专业人才是一个社会发展的必需。
4、学校可以采取一种更好的教育模式：通过引导去培养学生广泛的兴趣爱好，比如通过奖励措施等去引导；培养他们终身学习的理念，让他们获得继续学习的兴趣和能力；更重要的是要培养他们能够通过学习来获取独立思考和解决问题的能力。
I don't agree with the author's viewpoint. The goal of education is not only gaining of knowledge, but with more emphasize on developing an ability of future study. Such ability is indispensable for us to adapt and change nature, and is indispensable for the prosperity of our civilization. From one aspect, requiring students to take more courses other than courses of their fields of study can enlarge their knowledge; broaden their fields of view, hence beneficial. However, it would increase students' burden, make the students unsatisfied with it. As a result, the students may learn few from these courses. Hence, it's not a very good way for educating. The better approach is conducting students develop multiple interests, encourage them cultivate the ability of self study and the conception of life long study.

There is no doubt that learning knowledge of other fields is necessary. With knowledge of various fields, students can get rid of a narrow viewpoint, and form a habit to consider matters in multiple angles. Obviously, such ability is beneficial to the society. For a field of study, knowledge of other fields is also important. In many situations, ideas and methods of other subjects can edify us and inspire new ideas and methods. For example, it's well known in mathematical world that many mathematical ideals come from physics, art usually brings inspiration into researches. Einstein, the most talented physician, known as the relativity and winners of two Noble Prizes, is also fond of violin at good at it. He said the wonderful voice of violin brought him many great ideas. In the contrary, if one focuses on a small field and notice little of other fields, then he/she may be shortsighted and therefore cannot gain great achievement, or at least, his/her ignorance of other fields will be detrimental to be successful. Many students majored in fields of nature science today pay little interests to literature, as a result, the paper they write are too terrible to read.

Though knowledge of other fields is so important, however, it is not wise to force students to take these courses, since coercion study may result in resistance. The students would hate the courses which they are forced to study. Therefore, they study it just for credit. Could they learn much from these courses which they dislike? Psychologists show that people tends to resist things that they are forced to accept even these things may be good to them. In the other aspect, it's hard to determine how many courses the students should take and how much time should spend on it. If too much time is spend on courses other than students' fields of study, the consequence is that the students would never become experts of their field. How can our society function well? A society needs experts of different kinds, such as different kind of skilled workers, scientists, artists, etc. If our students devote too much time on many other fields other than his/her own field, the most possible result is that he/she will become an amateur of any field.

Therefore, universities should adopt other better means for educating. An alternative can be induce education, which induce students cultivate multiple kinds of interests, and form a conception of lifelong study. Only study with interest can students learn more from courses they study.


238The following appeared in a memorandum from the president of Mira Vista College to the college's board of trustees.

"At nearby Green Mountain College, which has more business courses and more job counselors than does Mira Vista College, 90 percent of last year's graduating seniors had job offers from prospective employers. But at Mira Vista College last year, only 70 percent of the seniors who informed the placement office that they would be seeking employment had found full-time jobs within three months after graduation, and only half of these graduates were employed in their major field of study. To help Mira Vista's graduates find employment, we must offer more courses in business and computer technology and hire additional job counselors to help students with their resumes and interviewing skills."
结论：为了改善学生该校学生就业，应该增加更多的商业和计算机技术课程以及雇佣额外的工作顾问协助学生撰写简历和应对面试
1、不能证明隔壁学校比该学校就业率高。文中提到隔壁学校去年的毕业生90％拿到了offer，但是有个模糊的地方在于，没有说清楚统计数据截至什么时候。若是毕业后半年的统计数据，那么就没有可比性，因为有可能本校毕业生本年后几乎全部都拿到offer了
2、即使隔壁学校就业率高，但是就业率不意味着工作好，也许隔壁学校拿到的offer待遇很差，而本校学生是个人要求太高，对一般公司不予考虑，所以就业率低，而非雇主不愿意雇佣本校学生
3、尚不能证明隔壁学校就业好是因为商业和计算机课程，有可能商业类就业很差，只是总体就业好而已
4、即使隔壁学校的就业好是因为商业和计算机类以及就业顾问，也不能保证照搬隔壁学校经验可以获得成功。

In this memorandum the arguer suggested the Mira Vista College to supply the students with more business and commuter science courses and hire more job counselors to help them find jobs, Since statistics showed 90% of graduating seniors received offers at Green Mountain College last year, while only 70% of graduating seniors who want to find jobs got offers at Mira Vista College three months after their graduation, coincided with the fact that the Green Mountain College offers more business courses and more job counselors than Mira Vista College does. The suggestion sounds reasonable and acceptable. However, by careful analysis, some flaws can be founded, which make the suggestion unconvincing.

First, it's not suffice to claim that students who graduate from Green Mountain College tend to find jobs more easier than students graduate from Mira Vista College do. It probable that graduating students at Mira Vista College were easier to find jobs. We don't know when the statistic that 90 percent of Green Mountain College's graduating students received offers was calculated. Perhaps it was calculated half a year after their graduation, and 99 percent of graduating students at Mira Vista College found jobs last year. Another possibility is that last year was an exception. In other years, students at Mira Vista College could find jobs easier than those at Green Mountain College, while last year, something unusual happened. For example, scandals may lower the repute of the college and influence the behavior of its graduating students in the job market. Without giving more information relates to the behavior in job market of the two colleges in the past few years, we are not sure about that graduating students in Green Mountain College are easier to find jobs than those at Mira Vista College.

Second, even more graduation students found jobs at Green Mountain College than those at Mira Vista College; however, this not means that employers are more likely to hire students from Green Mountain College. Maybe it's not a problem for graduating students at Mira Vista College to find jobs. However, their expectancy are much higher than students at Green Mountain College, they only want to work in the companies which offer high salary or more chance of promotion. While graduating students at Green Mountain College don't demand so much, they just want to find a job, even salary is low. In a word, we are not sure that whether employers prefer Green Mountain College more than Mira Vista College.

Even employers want to hire Green Mountain College's students more, there is no testimony to show that business courses and job counselors do contribute much to it. Perhaps there are many mechanical industries nearby; it's coincident that many students at Green Mountain College are majored in mechanics, while most students at Mira Vista College are majored in art, literature, history, etc. It's not surprise that Green Mountain College's student tend to find jobs easier than those in Mira Vista College if the hypothesis is true. Or perhaps Green Mountain College is a famous college all over the world, while Mira Vista College is a common college. Without considering other factors that influence the behavior of these two colleges' graduating students on the job market, any conclusion is not convincing.

Even more business courses and more job counselors do help students much to find jobs at Green Mountain College, it not means that the same effects will take on Mira Vista College if it offer more business and computer technology courses and more job counselors.

In sum, the memorandum is logically flawed and the conclusion is not convincing. In order to draw convincing conclusions, more information is needed.

lossingzoneUID: 2519545

7号作业，奇怪，我明明交了的却找不到
63To truly understand your own culture—no matter how you define it—requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly  
different from your own.
观点：若不了解其他文化，是难以真正了解自身文化的；但是找不到和自己的文化截然不同的文化，各种文化之间都有许多相似的地方
其他文化，实际上，差异性可以用来对比，相似性可以用来对照进而反思；
1、同意作者关于只有了解其他文化才能真正了解自己的文化的观点，但是不认为一定要通过了解截然不同的文化来达到目的，实际上文化都有共同点，不会有截然不同的文化
2、首先分析对其他文化一无所知所带来的后果：盲目自大，看不到自身文化的缺点，同时也文章了解不了自己文化的优越性所在。例子：清朝
3、进一步分析，从正面分析。若对其他文化有所了解，那么对差异性会思考比较，从而明白两种文化的差异性，这种差异孰优孰劣，以及导致这种差异的深层原因；同时，另一种 文化与自己文化相同的地方会起着镜子的作用，让自己看清自己文化里面的一些特质。例子：中国和美国。中国传统文化讲究关系，关系在一个人的学习、工作及生活中起着至关重要的作用；而美国不能说关系不重要，但是相对中国来说，人与人交往更多时候为一些规矩所约束着。关系很多时候使得腐败和独断容易滋生，这是我们这种文化不好的一面。。。。。
4、作进一步的说明。做不到像文中所说那样，找与自身文化截然不同的文化来作对比。不同的文化本身就有共性，不可能完全不相同。（举出一些全人类文化的共性）例如每种文化都有一套道德规范，而对于全人类来说，诚实、善良都是倡导的行为。（再更具体到具体的两种文明去对比）
5、总结。了解自身文化无疑需要其他文化的介入，但是并不需要截然不同的文化－这种文化本来就找不到的。

Although many people argue that they can have a profound understanding of their own cultures, without any comparison with other cultures, I agree with the point that one can not dig out the essence of his/her own culture without contrasted with other civilizations. However, this not means that we should compare our culture with other culture that completely different. Actually, different kinds of cultures have something in common, it's impossible to find a culture distinctly different from our culture.

Admittedly, even we have no knowledge of other cultures; we can still have recognition of our culture, such as the language, calligraphy, literature, etc. Nevertheless, these are just some superficial comprehension of it. One can never understand a culture without comparing it with others. If we ignore other cultures, we will be egocentric and immersed in the illusion that our culture is the superior than others and hence an ignorance of the flaws of our cultures. The tragedy of Qing Empire, an empire along the long history of China, is a vivid example to illustrate this viewpoint. It was the most powerful empire at its early ages, almost all countries around it were all afraid of it. As a result, people in the empire were too arrogant to study other cultures. The consequence was that it was surpassed by many other countries, Japan and Russia were included. It was hard to believe that a vast empire was transcended by Japan, a country with narrow territory and little resources at that time. Yet, the reason is quite clear now. People of the empire especially dominators neglected other civilizations and therefore don't realize the shortcomings of their own culture.

From what we analyze above, we aware that we can't truly understand our culture without knowing others. Actually, comparing with other cultures is a good way to grasp the essence of one culture. Through comparison, we would discover the difference and similarity of two cultures. The differences prompt us ponder the causes and consequences of these differences. Eventually, we will find the different characters of the two nations as well as some defects and merits of our culture. The similarity, from one aspect, act as a mirror to display features of our culture. Take Chinese and American culture for example. Interpersonal relationship plays a crucial role in nearly all aspects of Chinese life, such as upgrade, purchasing something rare, etc. On the contrary, interpersonal relationship is not so important in America as that in China. Regulation is more central in the determination of various aspects of daily life. It is general believed that the spreading corruption in China is partly due to emphasis on interpersonal relationship, by comparing with cultures in America. This instance shows that other cultures can help us understand our culture.

However, there is no culture that is completely different from others. Actually, all cultures have something in common, no matter where they distributed. Although each culture has its own morality norm, however, honest, charity, gallantry is moralities that are advocated by any culture. This example together with many other facts expose that there is no culture different from others absolutely.

With deeply study of our own culture, we can absorb much of our invaluable culture; however, understand other culture can facilitate us capture the essence of our culture. Hence, to have a truly understand of our own culture, we can't ignore other cultures when immersed in the study of our own culture.