【喜洋洋杀G大队】pinoku，7月6号作业

pinokuUID: 2435028

Issue 88

According to this statement,the speaker asserts that not only does technologies influence social customs and ethics,but it also determine them.As for me,I agree insofar that social customs and ethics are actually influenced by the development of technologies.However,the speaker begs question by overemphasizing the importance of technologies to social customs and ethics.
To begin with,it goes without saying that technologies lay significant impact on social customs.As the development of modern transportation,that is airplan,train,metro and so on,the extension of electrical medium such as television,internet,there is increasing communitcation between different cultures,thus these diverse cultures,more or less,affect social customs and ethics.For example,there is an increasing number of Chinese people to celebrate Christmas days which is only the western festival in old days.Meanwhile,more and more western people pay great attention to Chinese Spring Festival.They will also eat dumpings,playing firecracker as well as visiting family members like what Chinese people does.Moreover,people tend to send wishes by letters to their friends before.However,as a survey conducted in several countries on different festivals,the majority of people survied chose the ways of tex,telephone,Email which develop as the result of the improvement of technologies.
What is more,technologies also play a vital role in changing social ethics.For instance,In this era of rapid development of camera,video,internet leading to more accesses to probe an individual's privacy,there seems to be a fashion  that a number of videos recorded by the means of hidden camera or are uploaded to internet,and through the internet,are spreaded to every corner of the world.Though many netizens are keen on the fashion,in fact,the deed to some extent infringes upon the other's privacy and seems to be immoral.Furthermore,let us cast a look back at the industry revolution happened in 18th centrury which converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist.For the increasing requirement for simple and repeated work,woman began to leave home and work outside.From then on, the old belief,that is women merely need stay at home to do housework and bring up children,has largely changed.
However,it is arbitrary to regard that technologies determine social customs and ethics.The chief reason is that social customs and ethics have developed for more than thousands of years, so the change of technologies is too rapid to determin those beliefs rooted deeply in the society.Can we make the conclusion that the country where netcitizens upload other people's private videos lacks morality?The answer is definitely no.Additionally,while people around the world communicate much more frequently,they still hold their own beliefs and customs in the bottom of their heart.For example,the western world continue to follow the instructions of Bible;Confucianism is still the chief criteria evaluating people's behavior in China.In additon,Spring Festival means a lot to Chinese people no matter how popular Christmas seems to be in China.
Moreover,the development of technologies depends greatly on social customs and ethics.There is no where more true than on the issue of nuclear weapon.As nuclear weapon lays great threaten to the peace of the world and the global environment which contradicts with the morality of the whole world,it was banned no matter how advanced the technology seems to be.Again,there are parallels with human clonning.As we all know,great differences of the attitudes towards human clonning exist in the world.Though this technology thrives in China in recent years,it was prohibited by many countries because people there regard an embryo as a life that cannot be killed for scientific research.
In summary,I concede that technologies  to some degree affect social customs and ethics.Nonetheless,the speaker's claim overrates the significance of technologies.In my view,technologies cannot determine social customs and ethics which,on the contrary,are able to decide whether a certain  technology should develop or not.

A 53

In this argument,the arguer concludes that increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy even this shyness continues into later life.To justify this argument,the arguer provides the result of a research which studied  a group of 25 infants showing signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli.Meanwhile,the arguer points out that  these infants were more likely to have been conceived in early autumn,a time when their mothers' production of melatonin would naturally increase.Moreover,more than half of these infants tend to be shy as they grow up.However,careful analysis  of this argument would reveal that it suffers from several critical flaws and therefore is unconvincing.
To begin with,the sample conducted in the study----25 infants is too small to be representative.It is arbitrary to make the conclusion only from the study on 25 samples.Moreover,the arguer draws a hasty generalization about the reason of mild distress manifested by the infants.Maybe the distress is too mild to be judge.And there may be other reasons leading to their mild distress.I mean,what is possible is that it is human nature  for infants to shown signs of mild distress.Therefore,the relationship between the distress and melatonin as the arguer declareed below in definitely doubtful. In addition,even the fact that the infants manifested mild distress is trusful,it does not mean that mild distress is equal to shyness.The arguer begs question by simply regarding mild distress and shyness are the same.
What is more,although it is entirely possible that  their mothers' production of  melatonin imposes influence on the baby's brain even could be attributed to shyness,the argument provides no evidence to support this assumption.While melatonin could affect some brain function,there is no data to demonstrat that it can also affect the baby conveiced.Furthermore,does the influence on brain function by melatonin lead to shyness.As we all know,the brain is such a complex system that it has many different kinds of functions.It is quite possible that melatonin is not able to affect the function of shyness.Without the datas of scientific research on the effect of melatonin,we  cannot trust the conclusion of the argument.
Additionaly,the following-up study is too vague to be convincing.First,the argument shows that more than half of these children had shown signs of distress.However,the arguer does not provide the exact number of these shy teenager.For there are only 25 samples,the ratio of 13 to 12 can also be regard as more than half.If so,we have good reason to doubt result.Second,the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between shyness and melatonin.There are definitely other factors to affect these infants as they  grew up.For example,environment where they grew,including their parents,teachers,schoolmates and the culture they lived and so on,is of course an important factors which cannot be neglect when we study an individual's personality.But the author overlooks these factors.As a result,the study should contain a group as control,infants of which live in the same environment as the samples did.Then the study could eliminate the other factors affecting the infants shyness as we mentioned above.
In summary,this argument has several patent fallacies which render it logically unacceptable as it stands.To strengthen the argument,the arguer could have to demonstrate that the mild stress is equal to shyness and  the function of shyness could be affected by melatonin.Furthermore,the study should include more samples and need control to justify its validity.

jahsonUID: 2628322

Issue 88

According to this statement,the speaker asserts that not only does technologies influence social customs and ethics,but it also determine them.As for me,I agree insofar that social customs and ethics are actually influenced by the development of technologies.However,the speaker begs question by overemphasizing the importance（好） of technologies to social customs and ethics.
To begin with,it goes without saying that technologies lay significant impact on social customs.As the development of modern transportation,that is airplan,train,metro and so on,the extension of electrical medium such as television,internet,there is increasing communitcation between different cultures,thus these diverse cultures,more or less,affect social customs and ethics.For example,there is an increasing number of Chinese people to celebrate Christmas days which is only the western festival in old days.Meanwhile,more and more western people pay great attention to Chinese Spring Festival.(我觉得节日这个例子特别好）They will also eat dumpings,playing firecracker as well as visiting family members like what Chinese people does.Moreover,people tend to send wishes by letters to their friends before.However,as a survey conducted in several countries on different festivals,the majority of people survied chose the ways of tex,telephone,Email which develop as the result of the improvement of technologies.
What is more,technologies also play a vital role in changing social ethics.For instance,In this era of rapid development of camera,video,internet leading to more accesses to probe an individual's privacy,there seems to be a fashion  that a number of videos recorded by the means of hidden camera or are uploaded to internet,and through the internet,are spreaded to every corner of the world.Though many netizens are keen on the fashion,in fact,the deed to some extent infringes upon the other's privacy and seems to be immoral（appear to be）.Furthermore,let us cast a look back at the industry revolution happened in 18th centrury which converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist.For the increasing requirement for simple and repeated work,woman began to leave home and work outside.From then on, the old belief,that is women merely need stay at home to do housework and bring up children,has largely changed.（这种例子很可能雷同 建议不要）
However,it is arbitrary to regard that technologies determine social customs and ethics.The chief reason is that social customs and ethics have developed for more than thousands of years, so the change of technologies is too rapid to determin those beliefs rooted deeply in the society.Can we make the conclusion that the country where netcitizens upload other people's private videos lacks morality?The answer is definitely no.Additionally,while people around the world communicate much more frequently,they still hold their own beliefs and customs in the bottom of their heart.For example,the western world continue to follow the instructions of Bible;Confucianism is still the chief criteria evaluating people's behavior in China.In additon,Spring Festival means a lot to Chinese people no matter how popular Christmas seems to be in China.
Moreover,the development of technologies depends greatly on social customs and ethics.There is no where more true than on the issue of nuclear weapon.As nuclear weapon lays great threaten to the peace of the world and the global environment which contradicts with the morality of the whole world,it was banned no matter how advanced the technology seems to be.Again,there are parallels with human clonning.As we all know,great differences of the attitudes towards human clonning exist in the world.Though this technology thrives in China in recent years,it was prohibited by many countries because people there regard an embryo as a life that cannot be killed for scientific research.
In summary,I concede that technologies  to some degree affect social customs and ethics.Nonetheless,the speaker's claim overrates the significance of technologies.In my view,technologies cannot determine social customs and ethics which,on the contrary,are able to decide whether a certain  technology should develop or not.
观点很鲜明
例子很到位！

A 53

In this argument,the arguer concludes that increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness during infancy even this shyness continues into later life.To justify this argument,the arguer provides the result of a research which studied  a group of 25 infants showing signs of mild distress when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli.Meanwhile,the arguer points out that  these infants were more likely to have been conceived in early autumn,a time（去掉吧） when their mothers' production of melatonin would naturally increase.Moreover,more than half of these infants tend to be shy as they grow up.However,careful analysis  of this argument would reveal that it suffers from several critical flaws and therefore is unconvincing.
To begin with,the sample conducted in the study----25 infants is too small to be representative.It is arbitrary to make the conclusion only from the study on 25 samples.Moreover,the arguer draws a hasty generalization about the reason of mild distress manifested by the infants.Maybe the distress is too mild to be judge.And there may be other reasons leading to their mild distress.I mean,what is possible is that it is human nature  for infants to shown signs of mild distress.Therefore,the relationship between the distress and melatonin as the arguer declareed below in definitely doubtful. In addition,even the fact that the infants manifested mild distress is trusful,it does not mean that mild distress is equal to shyness.The arguer begs question by simply regarding mild distress and shyness are the same.
What is more,although it is entirely possible that  their mothers' production of  melatonin imposes influence on the baby's brain even could be attributed to shyness,the argument provides no evidence to support this assumption.While melatonin could affect some brain function,there is no data to demonstrat that it can also affect the baby conveiced.Furthermore,does the influence on brain function by melatonin lead to shyness.As we all know,the brain is such a complex system that it has many different kinds of functions.It is quite possible that melatonin is not able to affect the function of shyness.Without the datas of scientific research on the effect of melatonin,we  cannot trust the conclusion of the argument.
Additionaly,the following-up study is too vague to be convincing.First,the argument shows that more than half of these children had shown signs of distress.However,the arguer does not provide the exact number of these shy teenager.For there are only 25 samples,the ratio of 13 to 12 can also be regard as more than half.If so,we have good reason to doubt (the)result.Second,the arguer fails to establish a causal relationship between shyness and melatonin.There are definitely other factors to affect these infants as they  grew up.For example,environment where they grew,including their parents,teachers,schoolmates and the culture they lived and so on,is of course an important factors which cannot be neglect when we study an individual's personality.But the author overlooks these factors.As a result,the study should contain a group as control,infants of which live in the same environment as the samples did.Then the study could eliminate the other factors affecting the infants shyness as we mentioned above.
In summary,this argument has several patent fallacies which render it logically unacceptable as it stands.To strengthen the argument,the arguer could have to demonstrate that the mild stress is equal to shyness and  the function of shyness could be affected by melatonin.Furthermore,the study should include more samples and need control to justify its validity.
总体很不错加油～
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