1006G[REBORN FROM THE ASHES组]备考日记 by Dooda[尚无组]——勇于改变，付诸实践！

doodaUID: 2712643

今天是2009年12月25日。本人从11月起开始背红宝书，第一遍用了一个多月，现在正在进行第二遍。开始准备作文了， 考试时间3月初。

今天的计划，

词汇：list 29-31. 发起前天的三个list。
作文：开始过中英文的Issue & Agument pool,看北美范文。计划用近2周时间完成上述内容。

用一句话语和大家共勉：勇于改变，付诸实践！

Dooda Dec,25, 2009

doodaUID: 2712643

二楼按要求留给版主大人。

doodaUID: 2712643

昨天晚上背完红宝的任务后已经12点多，终于写了第一个Issue的习作。感觉驾驭语言的能力很差，词汇方面，虽然背过一遍多GRE单词，认识和拿出来用还是两回事儿。下面把习作贴出来，不怕大家笑话，欢迎痛扁，哈哈。接下来还会改善这个习作，并在日后的帖子中再次粘贴出来。写完第一个习作后感觉像如饥似渴的看范文，找找感觉了。
13        "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."

Response:

         The biological diversity constructs the wonderful nature. As the part of this symphony， The diversity of culture make our human society being plentiful.  Languages are the carrier of different cultures.
        The improvement of globalization brings more and more prosperities, especially reflected in productivity and information exchange. As the byproduct of it, more and more species are going to be extinct or even erased from inventory already. But something delightful is governments have begun to take actions to halt this trend， the latest Copenhagen Meeting is an example one of those actions. Since we have recognized the importance of the biological species extinction, why can’t we find, even closer to us, the annihilation of many of the world's lesser-known languages?  The annihilation of a language is also the lost of a culture and a period of history. The governments should take actions to prevent such lost.
        Languages, as the carrier of cultures, used in daily life. Lesser known languages are members of them and play their role of presentation and inherit cultures. There will be a culture missing or historical faultage in case of any language is missing. Imagine, we can anaplastic dinosaurs from their unearthed fossils but if a book full of unknown literal symbols was unearthed, we can not retrive the cultures and history which recorded by the language which has been missing long time ago.
        We live in a world constructed by more than 200 countries. Most of countries have their own languages. Especially in a multiracial nation, different races have their own languages in spite of the speaker population is big or small. The governments have the most powerful leadership and executive than any other organizations and institutes. So the government should take any possible actions to prevent those lesser known languages from being extinct from the galaxy of the human cultures.
         After the comparison of the importance of biological diversity and linguistic diversity, we can come to a conclusion that  to prevent a lesser known language from being extinct is quite necessary and the government of the country in which those languages are spoken take actions to work on it.

Dec 28, 2009 夜.

doodaUID: 2712643

Dec 29 2009.
今天的目标是背3个list,看10篇issue 范文，摘录名人名言。

2009-12-29
关于Issue 13,  "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."



阅读了北美范文和网上一个同学的帖子，感觉写的都比我好。字数要突破500。这两篇response 都认为保护小语种在某种程度上说是有必要的，但消除语言障碍和全球化会带来更多好处。政府的角色应该是处理更加迫切的问题，诸如饥饿，无家可归，疾病和文盲等。
----------------------------------------------------------

The speaker asserts that governments of countries where lesser-known languages are

spoken should intervene to prevent these languages from becoming extinct. I agree in so far as a country's indigenous and distinct languages should not be abandoned and forgotten altogether. At some point, however, I think cultural identity should yield to the more practical

considerations of day-to-day life in a global society.（叙述标题观点，表示部分同意 agree in so far as …然而作者认为文化特性应该让路于更加实际的全球化社会）

On the one hand, the indigenous language of any geographical region is part-and-parcel of

the cultural heritage of the region's natives. In my observation we humans have a basic

psychological need for individual identity, which we define by way of our membership in distinct cultural groups. A culture defines itself in various ways--by its unique traditions, rituals, mores, attitudes and beliefs, but especially language. Therefore, when a people's language becomes extinct the result is a diminished sense of pride, dignity, and self- worth.（语言对文化继承很重要，人们基本的心理需要又在文化中定义。所以语言的丢失导致人们自豪感，尊严和自我价值的减少）

One need look no further than continental Europe to observe how people cling tenaciously

to their distinct languages, despite the fact that there is no practical need for them anymore.

And on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the French Canadians stubbornly insist on French

as their official language, for the sole purpose of preserving their distinct cultural heritage.

Even where no distinct language exists, people will invent one to gain a sense of cultural identity, as the emergence of the distinct Ebonic cant among today's African Americans aptly illustrates. In short, people resist language assimilation because of a basic human need to be

part of a distinct cultural group.(举例说明欧洲大陆和法裔加拿大人坚持他们自己的母语，以及美国的非洲后裔如何创造出自己的黑话来得到文化认同感。The sense of cultural identity.总结，人们拒绝语言同化源于人们想作为某种特有文化组的一部分的需求)

Another important reason to prevent the extinction of a language is to preserve the distinct

ideas that only that particular language can convey. Certain Native American and Oriental languages, for instance, contain words symbolizing spiritual and other abstract concepts that

only these cultures embrace. Thus, in some cases to lose a language would be to abandon cherished beliefs and ideas that can be conveyed only through language.（防止语言消失的又一个原因是思想和信念 beliefs and ideas 的 convey,本段属于罗列例子，说明保护的原因。）

On the other hand, in today's high-tech world of satellite communications, global mobility,

and especially the Internet, language barriers serve primarily to impede cross-cultural communication, which in turn impedes international commerce and trade. Moreover, language barriers naturally breed misunderstanding, a certain distrust and, as a result, discord and even war among nations. Moreover, in my view the extinction of all but a few major languages is inexorable（不为所动的，坚决不变的）--as supported by the fact that the Internet has adopted English as its official language. Thus by intervening to preserve a dying language a government might be deploying its resources to fight a losing battle, rather than to combat more pressing social problems--such as hunger, homelessness, disease and ignorance--that plague nearly every society today.（笔锋一转，科技发展和全球化要求减少语言障碍，少数主流语言势不可挡的取代了所有其他语言，就像互联网官方语言，政府干预就是瞎掰，不如先解决点儿要命的问题，如吃，住，病，文盲等。）

In sum, preserving indigenous languages is, admittedly, a worthy goal; maintaining its own distinct language affords a people a sense of pride, dignity and self-worth. Moreover, by preserving languages we honor a people's heritage, enhance our understanding of history, and preserve certain ideas that only some languages properly convey. Nevertheless, the economic and political drawbacksof language barriers outweighthe benefits of preserving a dying language. In the final analysis, government should devote its time and resources elsewhere, and leave it to the people themselves to take whatever steps are needed to preserve their own distinct languages.（总结全文，梳理论述脉络，最后给出作者观点，政府不用管，人们自己想辙防止语言灭绝吧！）

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今天的commnet 作业：

Comment:

This literary criticism focus on Mr. Nicholas Wade’s book which mainly research on religion. From examining the roots of religion and then come to religion’s significance to humankinds -
‘In what way, then, does religion enhance a group’s survival’. Mr Wade quotes controversies of evolutionary biologists about the religion’s function and meaning during the development of human society to argue how religion helps human survive.

The writer is not absolutely accept all of declarations of the author. Those ideas like when describing the interplay between Hellenic and Hebrew culture at the dawning of Christianity. But the critics gave out a positive comment as a whole of the book and conceded it’s a masterly book and the variety of samples when making argument, like explain a quest for collective ecstasy.

Something our domestic literary criticism need to learn from this article is when they got invitation to introduce a book, they should have some background knowledge about the book’s main concept and then read it dialectically not just fully accept or strongly recommended. Both negative and positive comments should be given out so that the readers can digest the book with arguments. That will be real value of the criticism.

-------------------------------
Highlights:


WHEREVER their investigations lead, all analysts of religion begin somewhere. And in the final lines of his densely but skilfully packed account of faith from the viewpoint of evolutionary biology, Nicholas Wade recalls the place where he first felt sanctity: Eton College chapel.

The “beauty of holiness” in a British private school is a far cry from the sort of religion that later came to interest him as a science journalist at Nature magazine and then the New York Times. To examine the roots of religion, he says, it is important to look at human beginnings. The customs of hunter-gatherer peoples who survived into modern times give an idea of religion’s first forms: the ecstasy 入迷的of dusk-to-dawn tribal 部落的dances, for example.

Charles Darwin, whose idea of the sacred神的，宗教的 also came from an English private school, witnessed religion at its most primordial原始的 when he went to Australia in 1836. He found it horrifying: “nearly naked figures, viewed by the light of blazing fires, all moving in hideous可怕的,讨厌的
丑恶的 harmony…”

Whatever Darwin’s personal sensibilities, Mr Wade is convinced that a Darwinian approach offers the key to understanding religion. In other words, he sides with those who think man’s propensity嗜好
习性 for religion has some adaptive function. According to this view, faith would not have persisted over thousands of generations if it had not helped the human race to survive. Among evolutionary biologists, this idea is contested. Critics of religion, like Richard Dawkins and Steven Pinker, suggest that faith is a useless (or worse) by-product of other human characteristics.

And that controversy争论 leads to another one. Does Darwinian selection take place at the level only of individuals, or of groups as well? As Mr Wade makes clear, the notion概念 of religion as an “adaptive” phenomenon makes better sense if one accepts the idea of group selection. Groups which practised religion effectively and enjoyed its benefits were likely to prevail流行
胜过 over those which lacked these advantages.

Of course, the picture is muddied by the vast changes that religion went through in the journey from tribal dancing to Anglican hymns赞美诗 圣歌. The advent of settled, agricultural societies, at least 10,000 years ago, led to a new division of labour, in which priestly castes tried to monopolise access to the divine, and the authorities sought to control sacred ecstasy狂喜 激情状态.

Still, the modifications （that religion has undergone ）should not,（in Mr Wade’s view,）distract from转移the study of faith’s basic functions. In what way, then, does religion enhance a group’s survival? Above all, by promoting moral rules and cementing cohesion, in a way that makes people ready to sacrifice牺牲 现身 themselves for the group and to deal ruthlessly with outsiders. These arguments are well made. Mr Wade has a clear mind and limpid prose思路清晰，行文清澈。 style which guides the reader almost effortlessly through 200 years of intellectual history知识史. Perhaps, though, he oversimplifies the link between morality, in the sense of obedience to rules, and group solidarity based on common participation in ecstatic狂喜的 rites宗教仪式.

All religion is concerned (in varying degrees) with metaphysical ideas, moral norms规范 and mystical experience. But in the great religions, the moral and the mystical have often been in tension. The more a religion stresses ecstasy, the less it seems hidebound顽固
狭隘 by rules—especially rules of public behaviour, as opposed to purely religious norms. And religious movements (from the “Deuteronomists” of ancient Israel to the English Puritans) that emphasise moral norms tend to eschew避开
戒绝 the ecstatic.

Max Weber, one of the fathers of religious sociology, contrasted the transcendental超越经验的 feelings enjoyed by Catholic mass-goers with the Protestant obsession with behaviour. In Imperial Russia, Peter the Great tried to pull the Russian Orthodox church from the former extreme to the latter: to curb its love of rite and mystery and make it more of a moral agency like the Lutheran churches of northern Europe. He failed. Russians liked things mystical, and they didn’t like being told what to do.

As well as giving an elegant summary of modern thinking about religion, Mr Wade also offers a brief, provocative history of monotheism. He endorses the radical view that the story of the Jews’ flight from Egypt is myth, rather than history. He sympathises with daring ideas about Islam’s beginnings: so daring that many of its proponents work under false names. In their view, Islam is more likely to have emerged from dissident Christian sects in the Levant than to have “burst out of Arabia”, as the Muslim version of sacred history teaches.

At times, the book stumbles. In describing the interplay between Hellenic and Hebrew culture at the dawning of Christianity, Mr Wade makes exaggerated claims. He says there is no basis for a mother-and-child cult in the religion of Israel. In fact there are many references in the Hebrew scriptures to the Messiah and his mother; the Dead Sea Scrolls have made this even clearer. And his micro-history of Christian theology is inaccurate in places.

These objections aside, this is a masterly有水平的 book. It lays the basis for a rich dialogue between biology, social science and religious history. It also helps explain a quest for collective ecstasy that can take myriad许多的无数的 forms. Perhaps his brief autobiographical reference to Eton should have noted the bonding effect not only of chapel, but also of songs like “Jolly Boating Weather”.
-------------------------------

doodaUID: 2712643

Dec 30 2009
今天的任务是

单词：背3个list（目前只完成了一个）；
看30issue 题目
精读一个argument 范文，找找感觉；
名人名言 五条
完成29号的comment
看30号的comment 文章
明天还要上班，所以今天不能太晚了。

---------------------------------
The empty vessels make the greatest sound.
满瓶不响，半瓶咣当。

－William Shakespeare（英国剧作家莎士比亚）

Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is no secure direction ;without direction, there is no life.
理想是指路明灯。没有理想就没有坚定的方向；没有方向就没有生活。

－Leo Tolstoy（俄国作家托尔斯泰）

There is no paradise on earth equal to the union of love and innocence.
人间最大的幸福莫如既有爱情又清白无暇。

－Jean Jacques Rousseau（法国思想家卢梭）

Experience is the child of thought, and thought is the child of action.
经验是思想之子，思想是行动之子。

－Benjamin Disraeli(英国政治家、作家狄斯雷利)

Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterwards.
经验是一位先行测试然后才授课的严厉教师。
－Law Vernon(英国作家弗农)

doodaUID: 2712643

Dec 30 Night.

草木的布置作业：

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REBORN组09.12.31--10.1.10期间的作业安排以及嘱咐
这次的说明发的有些晚，主要是前两天事情太多，请大家见谅

------------------


1、之前让大家自己组的小队是针对于一月的，根据大家忙闲时间，争取一个队内的人统一行动。下面的任务安排中基础作业是大家独立完成的，附加作业是需要大家相互讨论和督促进行的，不过这个讨论不用占用太多时间，主要是自己先独立的做，做完之后进行的总结性讨论，互通有无。实际的小队活动会放在一月十号以后进行，之前请大家尽快磨合好，如果有不合适的就尽快调整一下。

2、即使特别忙（对应schedule中的3），也不能间断备考。请记住，笔考不怕进度慢，就怕停，这是一个有连贯性和热度的过程，一天的松懈你可能要用一周才能恢复状态。必须完成的基础作业：背单词、做COMMENT、更新自己备考日记。

3、忙的时候（对应schedule中的2）可以做一下的附加作业：

a.过AW题库，之前说过的，检验备考充分与否很重要的一条就是对题库的熟悉程度，建议大家先从argument看起。argument题库共有242道，建议不要细水长流，争取在两到三天内就过一遍，如此两遍作为最开始的熟悉过程。应当如何过题库：

第一遍：看题目（英文）>>>在自己的脑子里对自己重述一遍题目讲的是什么>>>在本子上记录自己认为题目说的有错、看得很别扭、看不懂的地方、灵感

第二遍：看题目（英文）>>>在自己的脑子里重述题目>>>在本子上记录自己认为题目说的有错、看得很别扭、看不懂的地方、灵感、认为可以证明推理存在漏洞的他因、题目之间的关联

第三遍至第六遍等下下次留作业的时候再告诉你们，请注意，第一遍和第二遍中要求的每个细节都是由其独特意义的，好好做，用心做。


b.整理自己的写作素材集，包括：错别字、好词句、例子

每天都让大家做comment，其中就会有不少好词好句。对于积累有一个很关键的点就是不能你看着多么多么好就可以，一定要挑选自己能够在写作中可以驾驭的词句记住，并且在记住之后尽量卖弄出来。纯粹的输入过程相当于零记录，只有你将一个陌生的词句实实在在用到自己的写作当中，而且用过几遍之后，那个词句才算是你的写作主动词句。

关于错别字，每天都是要自己动手写的，写的时候出错别字很正常，看这个贴，然后按照其中的内容来做吧：https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=981640&;highlight=

关于例子，怎样选择对AW有效的例子是后话，以后再给大家说，不过现在每天大家在看到什么想到的什么，最好也随手记下来

关于这些记录工作，推荐自己随身准备一个本子好好记下来，后面一段时间会用到

c.对以上作业的讨论，相互督促。

4、闲的时候（对schedule中的3）强化作业：精华整理

这个工作对自己的备考会非常有意义，而且对后人们也会有很大帮助，不用人太多，有几个人即可。汇总寄托九年精华，我在旁边亲自跟着做指导，是提升对AW思考的最快方法。而且每天我会给其中一个人半小时时间，我来做一对一答疑，有什么自己的疑问都可以问我，和这个帖子里的形式一样：https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=970427&;highlight=。等元旦放假回来之后进行，如果有谁想，就告诉我一下。

要求：有不错的信息汇总能力，办事认真、机灵，有足够的时间，热心。

5、如果平时做什么的时候有好的思路想法就尽管来给我说，只要是有意义的咱们就一起努力让想法变成现实

doodaUID: 2712643

Dec 31 2009.
今天是承前启后的日子，预示着我从考G开始，必将开始人生的一段新的旅程。祝愿所有路上的朋友一切顺利，我们都会实现自己的理想，只要坚持努力！


commnet Dec 30
https://bbs.gter.net/viewthread.php?tid=1046796&extra=&page=1
Highlights:


Marine Corps         海军陆战队
thwart                       阻挠，使挫败。
preliminary              预备的 初步的
allud to                      暗指
Intelligence               情报
Had this critical information been shared, it could have been compiled with other intelligence and a fuller, clearer picture of the suspect would have emerged 事后诸葛...
wither                         枯萎 凋零
Side with                   意见一致
position as                置身于*派系
Republicans 共和党人 VS.     Democracts 民主党人
fierce                         凶猛的 猛烈的
culpability                  有罪性的
a flight bound for        驶往某地的航班
radical                       激进分子
overhaul                     检查 大修
could have and should have been pieced together. （情报机构）本可以并应该拼凑起来。
strategy to confront the terrorist threat  应对恐怖主义威胁的策略。
nominee 被提名人 nominate vt.
Senate  参议院 上院
play politics with 弄权
Comment:

This is an report about the terrorists thread happened recently in US. When the aircraft was landing to Detroit on Christmas Day, a 23 years old young man tried to ignite the bomb and finally was hold by passengers and crew. This is a beginning of the political debate between Democrats and Publicans, not just happy ending of successfully thwarted a catastrophic breach.
“The attempted bombing has been marked by an increasingly fierce partisan exchange over culpability heading into a midterm election year.” said by the journalist. Politicians began to play politic each other out of the benefits of the two parties they belong to. “The system did worked” said by Mr. Obama’s secretary of national security and “systemic failure” said by Mr Obama seems are two totally opposite comment. But both of them are correct in terms of the time. Critics from Publicans challenge the administration’s
strategy to confront the terrorist threat.
In spite the argument between the two parties, We can find at least two things from the report. The negative one is after this critical malfunction of the intelligence system, the US. government pay more attention on which party should pay the bill for the fault and begin to arguer each other. A government under such a situation is hardly to produce a high efficient.

In the other hand, In such a government which includes both parties people in it can help to keep open air and make all information available to public press. This is kind of mechanism like competition instead of monocracy, challenging instead of dictatorial, constrained instead of abusive. The democracy has the attribution of the lowest efficiency to make decisions and take actions but it did has the lowest possibilities to do things evil and going too far from what is right.

plukaUID: 2721764

新童鞋么，加油哈，新年快乐！

doodaUID: 2712643

Comment of Dec 31 2009
Comment:
This prose must be written by a mathematician or physicist，even be a combination of the two disciplines. The author tried to describe the beauty of nature science and the root cause why mankind have such a ability to find the beauty.

According to the writer, the beauty of the nature has such a attribute of “simplicity, symmetry, elegance and power”. It did like that when you look into some physics or mathematical equations especially when you deduct a physics equation from one form to the other. The writer cites some of the samples like architecture designing, satellite communication and computer science to express that we have understand lots of nature laws and must be explore more in the future.
On the other hand, I feel the author sometime is a little bit subjective and even mentalism. “Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe” said the author. I totally agree with that we need to be trained to feel the beauty of science but we shall not be so boasted to say that we are burn to have the kinship of mind with cosmos. In spite of this, the writer did make a masterly work with a scientist mind and an imaginative prose.

Highlights:

thrill激动
quantum mechanics
（Why nature should conform to 符合
遵照theories 【we find beautiful】） is far from远非 obvious. The most incomprehensible不能理解的
高深莫测的 thing about the universe, as Einstein said, is that it's comprehensible.
two-bit廉价的, 微不足道的
We launch a satellite into orbit and use it to bounce messages from continent to continent.
真是物理学家能够运用的描述。
discern辨别
觉察
了解
notion概念
观念
hypothesis假设

scrambling攀爬 up
slope斜坡
I'm never more aware of the limitations of language than when I try to describe beauty
radiance光辉
stunning极富魅力的
withering
枯萎
摧毁
inexhaustible无穷无尽的
savor尝到
闻到
Have we merely carried our animal need for shrewd精明的 perceptions感知 to an absurd extreme? Or have we stumbled onto a deep congruence一致
符合
全等 between the structure of our minds and the structure of the universe?我们仅仅是将动物性的敏捷感知能力的需要带到了极致
还是
我们已经蹒跚着到了深层次的天人合一的境界？（限于水平，不知翻译是否正确，请大家指正。）

by a wide margin广泛的回旋余地
kinship相似
一致
亲属关系
affinity密切关系
相似性
prodigal挥霍
浪费

doodaUID: 2712643

Comment:
Struggling, more or less, the righteousness and gain in our time caused a tense life. The writer coined new terms called “Disposition” and “Creation”. He believes we can make a better life when we use the relatively neutral
terms “Disposition and Creation” and replace the “Righteousness and gain” which is seemingly poles apart.

When the true self take into consideration, you will find to be righteous all the time which means thing about your docitren before you take any action will make you so tired and unwillingly. While abandon yourself in gain will be over selfishness. It is not too hard to understand the quandary because everyone has a calculating mind. We need to accept that both give and take are the human’s basic needs. By give, we offer others the opportunity to take and by take we gain the necessary materials we need. As the author suggested, “Taking your disposition as the operational guidance for your life, whereby everyone is allowed to keep his true ‘self’".

As a summery, Use disposition attitudes to handle the definition of righteousness and gain will make a batter life in the future.
Highlights:
Beyond Righteousness and Gain

by Zhou Guoping

"A virtuous man is concerned with righteousness正直
正义 while a mean 卑鄙
吝啬man, with gain,” Confucius says. The "righteousness" and "gain" have long been a central theme in the Chinese philosophy of life. But, what if I am neither virtuous nor mean?

There was once a time when almost everyone claimed to be a gentleman and every word uttered was about righteousness. At that time, there might have been some truly virtuous men who were so righteous as to give up whatever was profitable. But, more likely, one might meet hypocrites伪君子
who used righteousness as a fig leaf遮羞布
for their cupidity贪婪, or pedants学究
书呆子 believed in whatever passed for
被称为
被看作righteousness. Gone are the old days. The social trend has taken on a dramatic change unawares（adv. 不知不觉地）: the reputation of righteousness nosedived俯冲
急降, truly virtuous men became extinct, hypocrites dropped the fig leaf and the scales fell from the eyes of the pedants. With- out exception, they all joined in the scramble for争夺
勉强拼凑
gains. It is believed that the philosophy of life has changed and a new interpretation of righteousness and gain loom(s) large:显得突出
seeking material gains is not the exclusive patent of the mean, but a golden rule for all.

"Time is money" is a vogue时髦的 word nowadays. Nothing is wrong when entrepreneurs apply it to boost productivity. But, when it is worshipped as a motto座右铭 of life and commercialism商业主义 takes the place of代替 other wisdom of life, life is then turned into a corporation and, consequently, interpersonal relations into a market.

I used to mock嘲笑 at the cheap "human touch". But, nowadays even the cheap “touch” has become rare and costly. Can you, if I may ask, get a smile, a greeting, or a tiny bit of compassion同情
怜悯 for free?

Don’t be nostalgic怀旧的, though. It is in fact of little help if you try to redeem赎回
挽回 the world or salvage海上救助，抢救打捞 the corrupt minds through preaching说教
讲道术 various brands of righteousness. Nevertheless, beyond righteousness and gain, I believe, there are other attitudes towards life; beyond virtue and meanness, there are other individualities个性（复数表个人的嗜好）. Allow me to coin创造，
杜撰（新词、新语等）a sentence in the Confucian style: "A perfect man is concerned with disposition."

Indeed, righteousness and gain, seemingly poles apart截然相反
南辕北辙, have much essence本质 in common. Righteousness calls for a devotion to the whole society while gain drives one to pursue material interests. In both cases, one’s disposition is over- looked and his true “self” concealed隐藏. "Righteousness" teaches one to give while "gain" induces劝诱
促使
导致引起 one to take. The former turns one’s life into a process of fulfilling endless obligations while the latter breeds a life-long scramble for争夺
勉强拼凑 wealth and power. We must remember, however, the true value of life is beyond obligations and power义务和权力. Both righteousness and gain are yoked结合
链接 by calculating minds. That’s why we often find ourselves in a tense interpersonal relationship 【whether Mr. Righteousness is commanding or Mr. Gain, controlling.】

If "righteousness" stands for an ethical philosophy of life, and "gain," a utilitarian功利的
现实的 one, what I mean by "disposition" is an aesthetical philosophy of fife（我认为作者可能意指life,这里写成fife应该是个typo）, which advocates提倡 taking your disposition as the operational guidance for your fife, whereby由此
凭借这个
everyone is allowed to keep his true "self". You do not five（live，可能是作者笔误） for the doctrines you believe in or the materials you possess. Instead, your true "self" makes you who you are. The true meaning of life lies not in giving or possessing, but in creating, which actively unfolds打开
显露
阐明 your true disposition, or, in other words, the emotional gratification情感上的满足 you obtain through the exertion行使
运用 of your essential power. Different from giving, which is the performance of an external responsibility, creating is the realization of one’s true self. The difference between creating and possessing is more than crystal clear极为明白
十分清楚. Let’s take creative writing as an example: "Possessing" focuses on the fame or social status a piece of writing may bring, while "creating" highlights the plea- sure in the process of writing. A man of disposition seeks nothing but the communication of feelings while in company, and the cultivation培养
耕种 of taste while possessing something. More valuably, in a time when most people are busy hunting for wealth and being hunted by it, a man of disposition is al- ways at ease in social intercourses社会交往. Here I' m not talking about the leisure of traditional Chinese scholar-officials, nor the complacency满足 of conservative peasants, but about a peaceful mind coming from a non-materialistic attitude towards life. Using the writing example again, I’ve been wondering why a writer needs to be prolific多产的. If he dreams of being enshrined把...置于殿内祀奉; 把...安置在龛内, an immortal不朽的 short poem is enough. Otherwise, he could be pretty much satisfied with a carefree无忧无虑
轻松快乐的 life. In this sense, writing is merely a way for such a life.

Bernard Shaw once said, “There are two tragedies悲剧 in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire. The other is to get it." With it I couldn’t agree more. I did admire him for his easy and humorous way in describing the quandary困惑
进退两难 of life. However, a deep ponder over沉思
深思
it has brought home to me that Shaw’s standpoint is no other than正是 "possessing", which keeps us stranded束手无策
进退两难 in a double dosage tragedy of life: it' s a pain not to possess your heart' s desire, and a tedium单调乏味, to have possessed it. However, if we shift the standpoint from "possessing" to "creating", and look at life with an esthetic感觉的 eye, we can interpret Shaw’s words the other way round: there are two comedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire, so you still have the opportunity to seek or create it. The other is to get your heart’s desire, and then you are able to enjoy tasting or experiencing it--Of course, life can never be free from pains, and a wealth hunter can not dream of the sadness of a man who places a premium on诱发
鼓励 his true disposition. However, to be free from the mania癫狂
狂热 for pos- session may at least save you many petty worries and pains, and let you enjoy a graceful life. 1 have no intention to prescribe the esthetic viewpoint as the cure for a corrupt world. I just want to express a belief: there is a life more worth living than the one haunted by righteousness and gain. And, this belief will help me sail through轻快地走过 the unpredictable waters of my future life.

doodaUID: 2712643

今天是1月4日， 新年的前几天都在处理家里的琐事。感觉现在确实不像大学期间那样能专注的读书了。但是为了我新的目标，我一定会坚持！

昨天在学习Argument的评分标准时，两点体会最深：
1 有力，即有说服力  Cogently,
2 清晰，即论述条例清晰。organizes them logically, connects them with clear transitions
这是5分和6分作文必备的特点也是评分标准。

努力！！！

今天的计划：
看完所有Iusse题库
动手写第一个Argument
1004的comment 作业.
背两个list

doodaUID: 2712643

Score 6
A 6 paper presents a cogent, well-articulated critique of the argument and conveys meaning skillfully.
6分作文体现为一个论点的有说服力的，很好链接起来的批评，并且巧妙地传达意思。
A typical paper in this category
这类中一个典型的文章
• clearly identifies important features of the argument and analyzes them insightfully
• 清楚地识别论点中的重要特点并深入分析他们
• develops ideas cogently, organizes them logically, and connects them with clear transitions
•开发具有说服力的观点，逻辑地组织他们，并用清晰的过度连接起来。
• effectively supports the main points of the critique
•有效力的支持批评的主要观点
• demonstrates control of language, including appropriate word choice and sentence variety
•展现出驾驭语言的能力，包括恰当的用词和句式的多样化。
• demonstrates facility with the conventions (i.e., grammar, usage, and mechanics) of standard written English but may have minor errors
•展现出对于标准书面英语惯例的熟练运用。（如语法，用法和技巧）
Disclaimer:
以上翻译为本人原创，限于水平，不妥之处请赐教。
---------------------------------------------------------
143.The following appeared as a letter to the editor of a national
newspaper.

"Your recent article on corporate downsizing* in the United States is
misleading. The article gives the mistaken impression that many competent
workers who lost jobs as a result of downsizing face serious economic
hardship, often for years, before finding other suitable employment. But
this impression is contradicted by a recent report on the United States
economy, which found that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than
have been eliminated. The report also demonstrates that many of those who
lost their jobs have found new employment. Two-thirds of the newly created
jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the
vast majority of these jobs are full-time."
Downsizing is the process in which corporations deliberately reduce the
number of their employees.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Response:
  The writer of the letter concerns that the article which presents “Many competent workers who lost their jobs as a result of the downsizing face serious economic hardship” is misleading. He would like to trust the other report issued by the United States economy, which gives a contradicted information. He cites data and content as grounds of argument from the second report to critique the first one. Although the second report illustrate a opposite environment to the first one at the first glance, it’s improper to negate the former after you heard the latter.
  First and easiest to understand that we can not tell which report reflects the real picture of the employment environment. The two report are related to the same topic about the unemployment problem and give out two opposite impression. We can not weight out which report is telling the truth just by the sequence we read them or by the publisher’s repute.
  The writer of the letter quoted “since 1992 far more jobs have been created than have been eliminated” from report on the United States economy. Given this static is real, it can not as the evidence of the unemployment rate has been lowed down. There are at least two situations in which although the quantity of the new job has been raised, works who lost their jobs still stay out of work. One situation is high technology jobs increasing but those who worked in heavy industry like automobile and steel still hard find new assignments. The other is the newly created opportunity will be consumed by those new force which just graduated form school.
  The first report indicates that workers who lost their jos faced serious economic hardship. The writer of the letter cited from the second report” The report also demonstrates that many of those who lost their jobs have found new employment” to argue. The second report did not indicate how long the get re-occupied after those works lost their job previously. Although a worker finally find a new job after many years of idleness, how can his economic hardship be straightened up in a short term? It will take long time to pay off debt borrowed during their employment. Also, the second report mentioned “Many of” instead of “Most of” or “all of ” workers who lost their job had found new one. Those who still stay in out of work could be facing an even more economic hardship in the future time.
  Finally, “Two-thirds of the newly created jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the vast majority of these jobs are full-time.” are not cogent evidences of economic improvements of unemployed population. Although wages were raised in some of jobs, There is no more compensation to those who are not suitable for these jobs and still stay at home.
  In summery, It’s not convinced that the reader disprove the former article just by quoting the other contradict one. A real cogent argument should come from citing such most reliable and precise data as “jobs which unemployment population are fully competent for are increasing”, “The re-occupation rate has been raised very quickly and most of them get a higher wage than their previous job”. Therefore, the writer of the letter provided a immature even unreasonable critique.

doodaUID: 2712643

Comment of Jan 04.
-------------------------
Comment:
This is an article may write by a theologist. He tried to differentiate eternal from infinity. The eternal means the whole, simultaneous, perfect possession of limitless life. While infinity means no beginning and no end. But it has a nature of the past, the present and the future. The I think the infinity are equal to perpetual.

The writer means God is eternal which world is perpetual. I am a atheist and it pushes me to an association with Albert Einstein’s theory of parallel space. In this theory, all world extend like a group of parallel lines which are never meet together. Apply to this article, God just like a point over the line of the word. He can see all world at one time. On the other hand, the world like a line which have no beginning and end. But on a certain knifeedge of present, it has past before it and future after it.

We live in the world so we have the same perpetual attributions with it. God know everything and every stage of a thing at one time as a whole, according to the writer. He suggest finally that “It is required of you that you do good and that you remember that you live in the constant sight of a judge who sees all things.” This is an exhort to  readers.

doodaUID: 2712643

The article of Jan 06
Comment:

    This astrophysics article described ways to find a Earth-like planet. There are mainly two effective ways to find planets. One method is by looking for wobbles of a star, which caused by its orbiting planet. The other is the modus operandi of the Kepler telescope which was launched on Mar 2009. The Kepler works on monitoring the lights of more than 150.000 stars simultaneously and continuously. When a planet’s transit crosses it’s parent star, the light of the star will show regular and predictable diminution of the illusion.
    By the first method, only mach bigger planets than the Earth have been and will be found. It because only those massive planets can cause recognizable wobbles of their stars. According to physics common sences, the biger the planet, the more gravety object will gain on it. So those bigger planet than the Earth are not suitable for people live on it.By the second method, the Earth-sized objects are well within kepler’s range.


T    he author also mentioned that some of the planet-sized object are much hotter than the distance from their start suggest. Although their size may be similar to the Earth but they are too hot for human to live on.
    Finally, the author believes that one day, a Earth-sized, life-bearing planet will be found finally.

Highlights:
Legent:
1生词短语的
2语法句式相关的
3好句，名言建议背诵吸收的

Planet hunting
Looking in the shadowsJan 5th 2010
From Economist.com
The search for a second Earth gets serious


IN THE 19th century astronomers spent a lot of time seeking shadows crossing the sun. They were searching for Vulcan (the Roman god of fire and metalworking,) a putative推定的 假定的 planet inside the orbit of Mercury水星, by looking for its transits(n. 经过 搬运 运输线v横越 通过 穿过). These are the moments when, viewed from Earth, the hypothetical假设的 假想的 planet would cross the solar disc. Sadly, there was no Vulcan to be found, but the method itself is sound, and it is the modus operandi做法 惯技 of Kepler, an American spacecraft that has been trailing the Earth, in the same orbit, since March 2009.

Kepler is a telescope that looks simultaneously and continuously at more than 150,000 stars, recording the amount of light coming from them. It is seeking the tiny, periodic diminutions减少减低 of illumination caused by planetary transits and, on January 4th, the team running it announced that five such patterns had shown up in the first six weeks of the probe’s operation.

The past 15 years have shown that planets are commonplace. More than 400 have been located around stars other than the sun, by looking for the wobbles 摇晃 动摇in parent stars that orbiting planets cause. A decent
正派的 端庄的《口语》像样的 wobble, though, requires a massive planet, so the wobble method does not favour the discovery of Earth-sized objects. Kepler, however, can find such planets. The Earth itself, in transit, reduces the amount of light an observer would see from the sun by about 0.01%. That is well within Kepler’s range.

In fact, the planets found so far are significantly larger than Earth. Four are about the size of Jupiter木星 and one about the size of Neptune海王星. They also have much shorter orbits, ranging from 3.3 to 4.9 terrestrial陆地的 地球的 days. Neither of these facts is surprising. Even using the transit method, big planets are easier to spot than small ones, and to be sure that a flicker闪烁 in brightness is caused by a planet rather than some property of the star itself, it must occur at regular and predictable intervals. Hundreds of flickers that might have been caused by planets with longer orbits have been seen, but have not yet have been confirmed as transits.

What this does mean, though, is that the planets in question are are much closer to their stars than Earth is, and thus much hotter (1200-1650ºC), as well as being larger. But they are not as hot as the most peculiar奇特的 罕见的 discoveries Kepler has made. These are two planet-sized objects that are far hotter (at 12,000ºC) than their distances [from their parent stars] suggest they should be. That means they are giving out energy of their own, yet they are too small to be stars. One theory is that they are youngsters, giving off heat as they collapse inwards内陷 due to the pull of their own gravity, but nobody knows for sure.

None of these discoveries favours the underlying reason why planet-hunting is such a popular sport—the hope that, one day, a life-bearing planet will turn up. For that, more numbers will have to be crunched, and planetary atmospheres行星雾围 analysed for signs of oxygen. The hunt, however, is on in earnest认真的 诚挚的. If Earth-sized planets are out there, they will soon be found.

doodaUID: 2712643

3月初的作文， 具体的schedule应该出来了， work it out man, come on!!!