寄托天下 寄托天下
查看: 6717|回复: 28

[资料分享] 主題分享----GRE作文备考弹药库----献给所有准备寄托的勇士!) [复制链接]

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:38:09 |显示全部楼层
第一类:政治类
(一) 政府与人民的意见:97,45,79,202,105,142,170,89
97 "It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affe
ct all aspects of people's lives."
97. 尽管很不幸,但这是一个事实,政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。
45 "Government officials should rely on their own judgment rather than unqu
estioningly carrying out the will of the people whom they serve."
45. 政府官员应该有自己的判断力,而不应该盲目地依从人民的意愿。
79 "Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other g
overnment experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and
perspective than do members of the general public."
79. 重大的政策决定应该留给那些政治家和政府专家们,他们比老百姓拥有更多的信息
,因此具有更好的判断力和远见。
202 "Unlike great thinkers and great artists, the most effective political
leaders must often yield to public opinion and abandon principle for the
sake of compromise."
202. 和伟大的思想家、艺术家不同,最有效力的政治领导者必须经常向公众舆论让步,
有时为了折衷要放弃原则。
105 "The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness
of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
105. 当政府愿意接受来自其公民的质疑时,才表明这个国家真正的强大。
142 "The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questi
on authority."
142. 当许多公民质疑权威的时候,社会才能更富强。
170 "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its
rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
170. 伟大国家最可靠的标志不是其统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就,而是全
体人民的福利。
89 "Leaders are created primarily by the demands that are placed upon them.
"
89. 使命造就领导者。
二) 法律与道德:17,174,178,180,169
17 "There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a soc
iety has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to
disobey and resist unjust laws."
17. 有两种法律:公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律,更重要
的是,不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。
174 "Laws should not be rigid or fixed. Instead, they should be flexible en
ough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
174. 法律不应该太僵化、太固定。他们应该是灵活的,考虑到各种实际情况、时间
和地点。
178 "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people's b
ehavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change
what is in people's hearts and minds."
178. 控制、限制人们行为的法律可能建立,但是立法不能改变人们的本性,法律
无法改变人们的所思所想。
180 "Many problems of modern society cannot be solved by laws and the legal
system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
180. 现代社会的许多问题是法律和司法系统不能解决的,因为道德行为无法立法。
169 "Those who treat politics and morality as though they were separate rea
lms fail to understand either the one or the other."
169. 认为政治和道德是两码事的人既不懂政治又不懂道德。
(三) 领导者本身素质:43,70,123,24,160
43 "To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest
ethical and moral standards."
43. 一个政府官员要想成为一位有成效的领导者,必须有极高的伦理和道德修养。
70 "In any profession -- business, politics, education, government -- those
in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for
any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
70. 在任何领域,商业、政治、教育、政府,掌权者都应该在5年任期后下台。对任何
事业而言,取得成功最保险的途径就是聘用新生力量担当领导。
123 "It is possible to identify a person's politics within a very short tim
e of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their
friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political
beliefs."
123. 和一个人相处很短的时间就有可能知道他的政治立场。所有与他们相关的如衣服
、朋友、谈话的方式、所吃的食物都反映出他们的政治信仰。
24 "People in positions of power are most effective when they exercise caut
ion and restraint in the use of that power."
24. 当权者谨慎并有限度的使用他们权力的时候他们的工作才最有效力。
160 "The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to re
main consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any
leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion
will accomplish little."
160. 有效力的领导者最本质的品质就是对特定原则和目标的坚持。任何领导者,如果
他很容易受到流行观点的影响,那他就一事无成。
(四) 政府与人民有保留:8,167
8 "It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold
information from the public."
8. 政治领导们在公众面前有所保留经常是必要的,甚至是值得赞许的。
167 "It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth a
ll the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician."
167. 有效力的政治领导者在任何时候都告诉真相是不可能的。对于政治家来说,
太坦白不是美德。
(五) 政治与媒体:108,193
108 "In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and vie
w government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand
the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government
proceedings-- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the
more society will benefit."
108. 在很多国家,从电视上看到政府人员办公的场景已是可能。观看这些过程有
助于人们理解影响他们生活的问题。政府办公如审判、辩论、会议等的各个场景,
转播得越多,对社会越有益。
193 "It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported
social tranformations that have the most lasting significance."
193. 更有持久影响的不是头版头条的政治事件,而是鲜有报道的社会变革。
(六) 其它:20,78,195,82,83,135,30,152,224,234
20 "National governments should devote more of their social programs and se
rvices to children than to adults."
20. 政府为儿童所想所做应该比成人多。
78 "Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of
all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other
forms of conflict."
78. 学校应该教给学生所有人类之间本质的互通性,这样就能有助于消除战争、文化抵
触和其他形式的冲突。
195 "The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather
the search for common ground and reasonable consensus."
195. 政治的目标不应是追求一个理想状态,而是寻找共同点和合情合理的共识。
82 "Government should never censor the artistic works or historical display
s that a museum wishes to exhibit."
82. 政府绝对不应该审查博物馆要展览的艺术品和历史陈列。
83 "Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their nat
ural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus
accessible to only a few people."
83. 政府应该保护那些疆域范围内的偏远地带,保持他们的原始状态,尽管这些地区一般
来说非常偏僻,很少有人能够到达。
135 "While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use o
f technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to
these problems."
135. 虽然我们面临的大多数环境问题都来源于科技的应用,我们应该依靠科技本身来
寻找这些问题的解决方案。
30 "The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peo
ple's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
30. 技术进步的主要目标是提高人们的效率,使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。
152 "The only responsibility of corporate executives, provided they stay wi
thin the law, is to make as much money as possible for their companies."
152. 对于公司的执行官,他们唯一的任务就是在法律允许的范围内,为公司赚取尽可
224 "Censorship is rarely, if ever, justified."
224. 审查制度很少被证明是正当的。
234."Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of
choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."
234.大多数人更倾向于限制与规则,而不是绝对的自由,虽然他们可能会否认这一点。
第二类:学习类:
(一) 学习方法:28,42,153,155
28 "Students should memorize facts only after they have studied the ideas,
trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have
learned only facts have learned very little."
28.学生们只有在学习了有助于理解事实的思想、趋势和概念后才可能记住这些事实。
孤立学习事实是学不到东西的。
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires colla
boration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if
they work frequently in groups."
42. 学习不是个人行为,而是需要人们的合作,所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一
个群体里工作,他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
153 "Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. The
y should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively."
153. 学生们应该带着一定的怀疑态度对待所学的任何东西。他们应该质疑老师教给他
们的东西,而不是被动地接受。
155 "Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading book
s is no longer very important."
155. 当代社会提供了很多学习的途径,读书这种学习方式已经不是很重要了。
(二) 学习课程:38,80,90,94,106
38 "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once
was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading
books."
38. 在电视机时代,阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫
不比从书本中学来的少。
80 "All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even i
f they have no interest in science."
80. 所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程,尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣。
90 "College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest
them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."
90. 应该鼓励大学学生学习他们感兴趣的课程,而不是学习好找工作的课程。
94 "Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses
outside the student's field of study because acquiring knowledge of various
academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated."
94. 大学应该要求学生学习本专业以外的课程,因为让学生们了解不同学科的知识才
是教育的最佳方式。
106 "All students should be required to take at least one course in ethics,
even if taking the course means a decreased emphasis on academic subjects."
106. 学生们应该被要求至少学习一种道德规范课程,即使这样会影响学术课程的学习

(三) 分数的局限:55,100
55 "Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at
all levels of education."
55. 人们为了分数而竞争,严重限制了人们各个阶段的学习质量。
100 "The pressure to achieve high grades in school seriously limits the qua
lity of learning. An educational environment without grades would promote
more genuine intellectual development."
100.高分压力严重限制了学习的质量。没有分数限制的教育环境更有利于真正的智力发展。
(四) 学习与实践:57,117,204,232
57 "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broad
er than what can be learned from direct experience."
57. 书中学到的知识远比实际经验中学到的知识要深广。
117 "The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is richer and broader t
han what can be learned from direct experience."
117. 从书本中所学的知识要比从直接的实践中学到的更丰富、更广博。
204 "We learn through direct experience; to accept a theory without experie
ncing it is to learn nothing at all."
204. 我们通过直接经验学习;没有通过实践而接受一个理论是学不到任何东西的。
232 "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment t
hat is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal
because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held
back by practical concerns."
232. 教育的目的应该是建立一个与世隔离的学术环境。这种环境是很理想的,因为这
样学生们就可以不被日常事务牵扯精力而专注地研究重要问题。
(五) 从异己中学习:1,122
1 "We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning."
1. 我们通常从与我们意见一致的人那里学到的东西比从与我们意见相悖的人那里学到的东西多;意见分歧产生压力并阻碍了学习。
122 "We owe almost all our knowledge not to people who have agreed, but to
people who have disagreed."
122. 几乎所有的知识都归功于和我们意见不同的人,而并非和我们意见一致的人。
(六) 其它:233,4,179,205,229,239,183,184
233 "Although innovations such as video, computers, and the Internet seem t
o offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these
technologies all too often distract from real learning."
233. 尽管技术创新,如录像机、计算机以及因特网看似改善了学校的教学方式,但这
些技术时常分散真实的学习。
4 "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their
knowledge and experience to that field of study."
4. 任何领域要取得重大进展,都需要外领域者的知识和经验。
179 "What most human beings really want to attain is not knowledge, but cer
tainty. Gaining real knowledge requires taking risks and keeping the mind
open -- but most people prefer to be reassured rather than to learn the
complex and often unsettling truth about anything."
179. 人类真正希望获取的不是知识,而是确定性。获取真正的知识需要冒险,并且
要有开放的心灵,但是大多数人更喜欢确定感,而不是去了解事物复杂的,甚至是使
人不安的真相。
205 "As societies all over the world have more and more access to new infor
mation, the effects on life-long learning can only be positive."
205. 全世界的人有越来越多的途径来获取新信息,这对终身学习只会有积极的推动
作用。
229 "The best way to learn a new subject or skill is to study small segment
s or details in great depth rather than to start by trying to develop a
sense of the whole."
229. 学习新学科或技能的最佳方式是深入研究小片断或细节,而不是一开始就试图获
取整体的认识。
239."Much of the information that people assume is 'factual' actually turns out
to be inaccurate. Thus, any piece of information referred to as a 'fact'
should be mistrusted since it may well be proven false in the future."
239.许多人们认为“真实”的信息结果是不准确的。因此,对任何被称为“事实”的信息
都应该此怀疑态度,因为很有可能它将来被证实是虚假的。
183 "As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible
, but more complex and more mysterious."
183. 随着我们获取的知识越来越多,事情不是变得更好理解,而是变得更复杂更神秘。
184 "It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data."
184. 在没有证据之前就得出理论,是重大错误。
第三类:教育类:
(一) 教育的目的:53,102,104,112,128,130,134,191,201,213,222,232
53 "College and university education should be free for all students, fully
financed by the government."
53. 大学教育应该对所有学生免费,全部由政府来承担。
102 "For better or worse, education is a process that involves revising the
ideas, beliefs, and values people held in the past."
102. 不论好坏,教育改变了人们以前的想法、信念和价值观。
104 "It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to perpe
tuate the ideas it favors and discredit the ideas it fears."
104. 一种文化要想保留它认为好的思想,消除它认为不好的思想,主要是通过正
规的教育。
112 "Some educational systems emphasize the development of students'
capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit
more from an education that also taught them to explore their own
emotions."
112. 一些教育机构强调培养学生的推理和逻辑思考能力,但是如果也教会学生认知
自我的情感,学生们将受益更多。
128 "It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind
and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our
minds and spirits rather than set them free."
128. 人们经常说教育的目的是释放人们的心灵。但实际上,正规的教育却倾向于束缚
而非释放了人们的心灵。
130 "How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society. U
nfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help
bring about a better society."
130. 孩子融入社会的能力决定了社会的命运。遗憾的是,我们还不知道怎样培养孩子使
他们对社会有益。
134 "Students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rheto
rical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of
their own beliefs."
134. 必须鼓励学生们意识到:机智和修辞技巧必须以真诚和真正的信仰为基础。
191 "Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of
students and to training students to be productive workers."
191. 教育应该把这两件事看得同等重要-丰富学生的个人生活,把学生培养成
生产者。
201 "The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value sy
stem, a standard, a set of ideas -- not to prepare them for a specific
job."
201. 教育的目的应是给学生提供一个价值系统,标准以及一系列理念,而不是使
他们为某一特定工作做好准备。
213 "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challeng
e the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work
with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be
a major goal in every school."
213. 学校太强调教学生怎么质疑他人的主张。实际上,培养折衷和与他人合作的
能力,也就是促进社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的主要目标。
222 "Learning for learning's sake is an outdated concept. Today, education
must serve an ulterior purpose and be directed toward clear goals."
222. 为了学习而学习已经是过时的理念。现在的教育必须是面向未来并且有明确的
目标。
232 "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment t
hat is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal
because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held
back by practical concerns."
232. 教育的目的应该是建立一个与世隔离的学术环境。这种环境是很理想的,因为这
样学生们就可以不被日常事务牵扯精力而专注地研究重要问题。
(二) 教育与社会:52,67,78,154,232
52 "Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore
does little to promote social harmony."
52. 教育鼓励学生们提问和批评,这样不利于社会的和谐。
67 "Colleges should require students to engage in public-service activities
in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, well-rounded educ
ation."
67. 学院应该要求学生们参加公益活动,这样就能保证学生们得到全面平衡的教育。
78 "Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of
all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other
forms of conflict."
78. 学校应该教给学生所有人类之间本质的互通性,这样就能有助于消除战争、文化抵
触和其他形式的冲突。
154 "Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Ed
ucation is too important to leave solely to a group of professional
educators."
154. 家长和社会都应该参与到当地的学校中来。教育太重要了,不能只靠专业教育者。
232 "The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment t
hat is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal
because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held
back by practical concerns."
232. 教育的目的应该是建立一个与世隔离的学术环境。这种环境是很理想的,因为这
样学生们就可以不被日常事务牵扯精力而专注地研究重要问题。
(三) 教育的课程:5,50,98,158
5 "A nation should require all its students to study the same national curr
iculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different
parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer."
5. 一个国家应该要求所有的学生在上大学前都学习相同的国内课程,而不是允许不同地
区的学校决定自己的教学课程。
50 "In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and unive
rsity level, all faculty should be required to spend time working outside
the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they teach."
50.为了提高大学的教学质量,所有的教职员工应该去校外参加一些和他们教的课程相
关的工作。
98 "Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music, f
ilm, advertising, and television because contemporary culture has much
greater relevance for students than do arts and literature of the past."
98. 大学和学院应该在流行音乐、电影、广告和电视上开设更多的课程,因为现代文化比过去
158 The arts (music, dance, visual arts, etc.) are vitally important to stu
dents' education and should therefore receive as much emphasis as
mathematics, science, reading and other mainstream subjects."
158. 艺术(音乐、舞蹈、视觉艺术等)对学生的教育非常重要的,因此它们应该得
到和数学、科学、阅读以及其他主流课程一样的重视。
(四) 教育的方法:228,230,111
228 "The best way to teach -- whether as an educator, employer, or parent -
- is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones."
228. 最佳教育方式,不管是作为一个教育工作者、雇主还是父母,都是表扬积极
的行为,忽略负面的行为。
230 "College students -- and people in general -- prefer to follow directio
ns rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should
eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear
direction."
230. 大学生-还有普通人-都更喜欢跟从指导,而不是做出自己的决定。因此,大学
应该尽可能让学生少做选择,给学生提供明确的方向。
111 "The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements i
s seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
111. 全球性电视节目和广告极大地减少了各种文化之间的差异。
(五) 教育与学生的关系:223,214
223 "Education is primarily a personal matter; it has little to do with sch
ool or college."
223. 教育主要是个人的事情,与学校或者大学基本没有关系。
214 "Society should identify those children who have special talents and ab
ilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually
excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to
remain undeveloped."
214. 社会应该找出那些具有特殊天才和能力的孩子,并在小时候就训练他们,这样
他们最终能在此领域表现出众,否则这些潜能可能得不到发展。
(六) 其它:51(=90,80)
51 "Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed
to meet the individual needs and interests of each student."
51. 只有针对每个学生的需要和兴趣,教育才真正的有意义。
90 "College students should be encouraged to pursue subjects that interest
them rather than seek programs that promise entry into the job market."
90. 应该鼓励大学学生学习他们感兴趣的课程,而不是学习好找工作的课程。
80 "All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even i
f they have no interest in science."
80. 所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程,尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣。
第四类:传媒类:
(一) 传媒的作用:111,105,151,161
111 "The worldwide distribution of television programs and advertisements i
s seriously diminishing the differences among cultures."
111. 全球性电视节目和广告极大地减少了各种文化之间的差异。
105 "The true strength of a country is best demonstrated by the willingness
of its government to tolerate challenges from it's own citizens."
105. 当政府愿意接受来自其公民的质疑时,才表明这个国家真正的强大。
151 "High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail an
d television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
151. 高速的电子通讯媒介,如电子邮件和电视,阻止了人们有思想、有意义的交流。
161 "In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for
a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone
who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
161. 在媒体铺天盖地的年代,不可能树立英雄。任何人在媒体的“审视”下都会
名声扫地。
(二) 其它:109,215,107,38
109 "The purpose of many advertisements is to make consumers want to buy a
product so that they will 'be like' the person in the ad. This practice is
effective because it not only sells products but also helps people feel
better about themselves."
109. 很多广告的目的是要让消费者因为拥有产品后“像”广告中的人物而购买某种
产品,这样的广告是有效的,因为这样既销售了产品,又让人们自我感觉良好。
107 "Instant communication systems encourage people to form hasty opinions
and give quick replies rather than take the time to develop thoughtful,
well-reasoned points of view."
107. 实时通信系统促使人们匆忙决定并快速作出回应,而不是花时间得出一个
仔细思考过、合情合理的观点。
215 "The bombardment of visual images in contemporary society has the effec
t of making people less able to focus clearly and extensively on a single
issue over a long period of time."
215. 当今社会视觉影像的爆炸使得人们不能长时间明确且全面地关注某一问题。
38 "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once
was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading
books."
38. 在电视机时代,阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫
不比从书本中学来的少。
第五类:艺术类:
(一) 想象类作品:14,49
49 "Imaginative works such as novels, plays, films, fairy tales, and legend
s present a more accurate and meaningful picture of human experience than
do factual accounts. Because the creators of fiction shape and focus
reality rather than report on it literally, their creations have a more
lasting significance."
49. 有想象力的作品,比如小说、戏剧、童话和传说向人们展示了过去人们经验的精确
且有意义的画面,而事实记述则稍逊。因为小说的作者重在刻画和关注事实,而非表面
事实的报道,他们的作品有更深远的意义。
14 "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and othe
r types of imaginative literature."
14. 每个人都有必要去阅读诗、小说、神话和其他有想象力的文学作品。
(二) 政府对艺术的态度:85,101
85 "Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts."
85. 政府对艺术的资助威胁着艺术的独立性。
101 "Governments should provide funding for artists so that the arts can fl
ourish and be available to all people."
101. 政府应资助艺术家,促进艺术繁荣,以便人们都能接触到艺术。
(三) 艺术家与评论家:96,143,144
96 "Although, critics who write about the arts tend to deny the existence o
f any objective standards for evaluating works of art, they have a
responsibility to establish standards by which works of art can be judged."
96. 尽管那些评价艺术作品的批评家企图否定在评价艺术作品时任何客观标准的存在,他们还是有责任建立起一套艺术作品的评判标准。
143 "Artists should pay little attention to their critics. *Criticism tends
to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity." *those who evaluate w
orks of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
143. 艺术家应该对给予他们的批评毫不理会。批评家总是削弱和限制艺术家的创造力 。
*评价艺术作品,例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人。
144 "It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of last
ing value." *a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, mu
sic, paintings, etc.
144. 是艺术家而不是批评家,带给社会一些具有持久价值的东西。
*批评家指经常评价艺术作品 ,例如小说、电影、音乐、绘画等的人。
(四) 艺术的价值:131,218
131 "The arts (painting, music, literature, etc.) reveal the otherwise hidd
en ideas and impulses of a society."
131.艺术(绘画、音乐、文学等)展现了那些隐藏的观点和社会的脉动。
218 "In order for any work of art -- whether film, literature, sculpture,
or a song -- to have merit, it must be understandable to most people."
218. 艺术作品要有价值,不管是电影、文学还是歌曲,都必须让大多数人能够
理解。
(五) 其它:76,190
76 "Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of s
tep with their time and their society."
76. 真正影响深远的思想家和具有高度创造力的艺术家们总是与他们的时代和社会步伐不一致。
190 "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the b
asic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the
arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all
the potential uses of such money."
190. 当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生存的基本技能时,动用公众资源来支持艺术
就不合适了,也许,考虑到这些金钱的所有可能用途时,就更不人道了。

[ Last edited by polymath on 2005-7-30 at 19:07 ]
附件: 你需要登录才可以下载或查看附件。没有帐号?立即注册
已有 1 人评分寄托币 收起 理由
staralways + 5 Well Done!

总评分: 寄托币 + 5   查看全部投币

Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".
回应

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:39:21 |显示全部楼层
第六类:科技类:
(一) 科技的影响:88,114,129,135,166,196,115,219,237
88 "Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs a
nd ethics."
88. 科学技术不但影响而且决定了社会风俗和道德规范。
114 "Humanity has made little real progress over the past century or so. Te
chnological innovations have taken place, but the overall condition of
humanity is no better. War, violence, and poverty are still with us.
Technology cannot change the condition of humanity."
114. 人道主义在上个世纪并没有真正的发展。科技发展,但是人道主义的整体面貌
并没有得到改善。战争、暴力、贫穷一直困扰着我们。科技不能改变人道主义状况。
129 "Technology is a necessary but not always a positive force in modern li
fe."
129. 科技对现代生活是必须的,但并非任何时候都能起到积极的作用。
135 "While most of the environmental problems we face result from the use o
f technology, society must depend upon technology to find solutions to
these problems."
135. 虽然我们面临的大多数环境问题都来源于科技的应用,我们应该依靠科技本身来
寻找这些问题的解决方案。
166 "Over the past century, the most significant contribution of technology
has been to make people's lives more comfortable."
166. 上个世纪,科技的最大贡献在于使人们的生活更舒适。
196 "Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or d
amage the quality of life."
196. 科技产生的问题多于所解决的,可能威胁或降低人们的生活质量。
115 "It is through the use of logic and of precise, careful measurement tha
t we become aware of our progress. Without such tools, we have no reference
points to indicate how far we have advanced or retreated."
115. 通过逻辑思维和精确的测量手段才能获知我们的进步。没有这些工具,就没有
参考点来标明我们进步了多少,退步了多少。
219 "Now that computer technology has made possible the rapid accessing of
large amounts of factual information, people are less likely than ever to
think deeply or originally. They feel unable to compete with -- much less
contribute to -- the quantity of information that is now available
electronically."
219. 现在计算机技术已经使快速地访问大量的信息成为可能,人们已经不像以前
那样进行深入和有创造力地思考了。他们感觉无法,也没有意义去和现在可以电子
化获取的信息量相比。
237."Computers and video technology can make facsimiles of original works such
as paintings and historical documents available to everyone. The great
advantage of this new technology is that it will enable anyone—not just
scholars—to conduct in-depth research without having access to the original
works."
237.计算机以及视频技术可以制作原件的复制品,使得普通人都能接触到绘画或历史文件
,此新技术的巨大优点在于它使得每一个人-而不只是学者-能够不接触原件而进行深入
的研究。
(二) 技术的目标:30,66,176
30 "The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase peo
ple's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
30. 技术进步的主要目标是提高人们的效率,使得每个人都有更多的闲暇时间。
66 "As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the abili
ty of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate."
66. 人们越来越依赖于技术去解决问题,而人类自身思考的能力却被消弱。
176 "The function of science is to reassure; the purpose of art is to upset
. Therein lies the value of each."
176. 科学的目的是使人们安心,艺术的目的是使人们不安。这就是它们各自的价值。
(三) 其它:4,9
4 "No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their
knowledge and experience to that field of study."
4. 任何领域要取得重大进展,都需要外领域者的知识和经验。
9 "Academic disciplines have become so specialized in recent years that sch
olars' ideas reach only a narrow audience. Until scholars can reach a wider
audience, their ideas will have little use."
9. 近年来学术领域如此专业化,以至于学者们的思想只能使少部分人了解。只有使更
多的人理解,他们的思想才能发挥作用。
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:40:02 |显示全部楼层
第七类:文化类:10,6,63,207,243
10 "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial s
upport they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that
a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated."
10. 政府必须保证主要城市用于发展的财政支持,因为国家的文化传统大部分发源于并保留在城市中。
6 "The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze
the trends of its youth."
6. 了解当代文化最有效途径是分析其年青人的趋势和潮流。
63 "To truly understand your own culture -- no matter how you define it --
requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is
distinctly different from your own."
63. 为了真正地了解你自己的文化,不管你怎样定义它,你需要了解至少一种其他的文
化,并且这种文化和你的文化完全不同。
207 "Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies
or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are."
207. 典礼和仪式有助于确立一种文化,否则人们的社会或群体的角色归属感削弱。
243."The true value of a civilization is reflected in its artistic
creations rather than in its scientific accomplishments."
243. 文明真正的价值反映在它的艺术创作上,而不是科学成就上。
第八类:行为类:
(一) 目标:212,126,118
212 "If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.
"
212. 如果一个目标是值得的,那么追求目标的任何手段都是正当的。
126 "Society's external rewards are no measure of true success. True succes
s can be measured only in relation to the goals one sets for oneself."
126. 社会所给予的外部奖励不是成功的真正衡量标准。真正的成功只能通过自己所
设立的目标来衡量。
118 "In any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social s
ciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters,
but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the
goal."
118. 在任何领域如科学、人文、社会科学、工业等,我们最大的收获在于达成目标
的道路上的经验和发现,而不是获取目标本身。
(二) 人的性格与价值观:91,145,12,
91 "Most people think that their deeply held values are the result of ratio
nal choice, but reason often has little to do with the way people form
values."
91. 大多数人认为他们持有的价值关是理性选择的结果,但其实理性和价值观的
形成关系不大。
145 "A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changin
g social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."
145. 性格测试最关键的一点就是看一个人能否在不牺牲个人原则的基础上适应变化
的社会习俗。
12 "People's attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or
surroundings than by any internal characteristic."
12. 人们的态度更多情况下取决于当时的处境和环境,而非人们的任何内在性格。
(三) 个性差异与一致统一:198,238,59,141
198 "Instead of encouraging conformity, society should show greater appreci
ation of individual differences."
198. 社会应该赞赏个性差异,而不是鼓励一致统一。
238."Conformity almost always leads to a deadening of individual creativity
and energy."
238.一致性几乎总是压抑个性化创造和活力。
59 "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others,
people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the
choices that are best for them."
59. 人们用太多的精力来模仿他人。人们应该学会独立思考和行动,而不要照搬
别人的东西,这样才能做出最适合他们的选择。
141 "Most people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is t
hat personal economic success requires conformity."
141. 大多数人只意识到个性化的益处,但实际上个人的经济成功需要一致性。
(四) 合作:42,46,213
42 "Because learning is not a solitary activity but one that requires colla
boration among people, students of all ages will benefit academically if
they work frequently in groups."
42. 学习不是个人行为,而是需要人们的合作,所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一
个群体里工作,他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
6 "While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas att
ribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society
can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a
sense of cooperation."
46. 尽管一些政府领导,比如体育、工业和其他的领域的人把他们的成功归功于良好的
竞争意识,一个社会还是应该给年轻人灌输合作的思想,这更有助于他们成为好的领导者。
213 "Too much emphasis has been placed on the need for students to challeng
e the assertions of others. In fact, the ability to compromise and work
with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be
a major goal in every school."
213. 学校太强调教学生怎么质疑他人的主张。实际上,培养折衷和与他人合作的
能力,也就是促进社会和谐的能力应该被作为每个学校的主要目标。
(五) 个体与集体:60,95,113,162,175,199
60 "The media -- and society in general -- mistakenly expect an individual
to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly
represents the views of the entire group."
60. 通常情况下,媒体和社会都希望某个个人能代表一特定群体,无论此个人
能否真正地表达整个群体的观点。
95 "People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requ
ires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competiti
on does."
95. 众人拾柴火焰高。团队需要合作,这样才能比个体之间的竞争更能激发人们的激情
113 "It is primarily through our identification with social groups that we
define ourselves."
113. 定位自己,主要是通过定位自己所处的社会团体。
162 "One often hears about the need for individuals to take responsibility
for their own lives. However, the conditions in which people find
themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of
them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated
and unrealistic than is often assumed."
162. 我们经常听到个人需要为自己的生活负责任。但是在人们认识到自己所处的情形
之前,这些情形很大程度上已确定。所以个人责任要比通常认为的要复杂和不切实际的
得多。
75 "It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the deta
ils may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the
enterprise and unique perception of an individual."
175. 总是某个个人推动了革新;可能由团队完成细节,但是真正的革新来自于个人的
进取心与不寻常的洞察力。
199 "Truly innovative ideas do not arise from groups of people, but from in
dividuals. When groups try to be creative, the members force each other to
compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made
more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working
alone."
199. 真正创新的思想不是来自群体,而是来自个人。当一个群体试图创新时,群体
中的成员使得彼此相互妥协,最终削弱集体的创造性,趋向遵循传统。大部分创造性
思想来自于个人的独立工作。
(六) 个人成功:16,38,138,182,188,192,206,210,226,240
16 "Although many people think that the luxuries and conveniences of contem
porary life are entirely harmless, in fact, they actually prevent people
from developing into truly strong and independent individuals."
16. 尽管很多人认为现在奢侈安逸的生活是完全无害的,但实际上这样的生活阻止了人们培养真正坚强独立的性格。
38 "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once
was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading
books."
38. 在电视机时代,阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫
不比从书本中学来的少。
138 "Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
138. 不犯错误就不会有发现和进步。
182 "It is dangerous to trust only intelligence."
182. 只相信智力是危险的。(Intelligence:The faculty of thought and reason.
故智力-理性相对于直觉-感性,我的理解)
188 "Success, whether academic or professional, involves an ability to surv
ive in a new environment and, eventually, to change it."
188. 成功,不管是学术上还是专业上的,都包括适应新环境并最终改变它的能力。
192 "Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or r
isks than from careful and cautious planning."
192. 生活各个方面的成功更多是来自机遇或者冒险,而不是仔细和谨慎的规划。
206 "People are too quick to take action; instead they should stop to think
of the possible consequences of what they might do."
206. 人们行动太快了;他们应该停下来想一想行动的可能后果。
210 "Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerati
ons as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and
the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a
career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind
of work."
210. 大多数人找工作是基于实用性的考虑:经济需求、较易找到工作,希望拿到的
薪水。很少有人自由地根据自己对某一份工作的才能和兴趣出发去选择职业。
226 "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront a
re more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their
predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased
knowledge and experience."
226. 人们错误地认为他们碰到的问题要比他们前辈碰到的问题更复杂、更具挑战性。
这个错觉最终会随着知识和经验的积累消除。
240."Although it is easy to respond positively to the work of another person or
group, it is far more worthwhile to give negative feedback."
240.虽然很容易对他人和团体的工作给出肯定的反馈,但是给出否定的反馈更有价值。
(七) 个人与社会:77,75,93,145,234
75 "The people who make important contributions to society are generally no
t those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at
perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others."
75. 为社会做出很大贡献的人往往不是发展出自己的新思想的人,而是他们具有感知
和协调他人的才能和技巧的人。
77 "People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing self-centered
, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction comes from
working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a
whole."
77.今天人们过于个人主义。人们需认识到满足感来自于为家庭、社区或社会创造更大利益 ,而不是关注自我和个人目标。
93 "The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Alth
ough societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions,
people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making."
93. “个人职责”的概念是必要的。尽管社会必须要求个人对他们自身的行为负责任,
但人们的行为很大程度上是被迫的而并非个人素质。
145 "A crucial test of character is whether one is able to adapt to changin
g social conventions without sacrificing one's principles."
145. 性格测试最关键的一点就是看一个人能否在不牺牲个人原则的基础上适应变化
的社会习俗。
34."Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of
choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."
234.大多数人更倾向于限制与规则,而不是绝对的自由,虽然他们可能会否认这一点。
(八) 信仰:35,146,165,235
35 "No matter what the situation, it is more harmful to compromise one's be
liefs than to adhere to them."
35. 不管在什么样的情况下,坚持自己的信仰都要比放弃信仰好。
146 "People who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the
most critical of it."
146. 对某思想或策略最执着的人往往对其最挑剔。
165 "In any given field, the leading voices come from people who are motiva
ted not by conviction but by the desire to present opinions and ideas that
differ from those held by the majority."
165. 在任何领域,最主要的声音来自于这些人,他们并不是由信念驱动,而是由希望
表达和大多数人相异的观点和想法的意愿所驱动。
235."Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to
one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution
—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."
235.大多数人被教育说忠诚是一种美德。但是,忠诚-无论对于朋友、学校、受雇公司
或任何机构来说,经常都是一种有害而非积极的力量。
(九) 质疑:18,68,231
18 "Only by being forced to defend an idea against the doubts and contrasti
ng views of others does one really discover the value of that idea."
18. 只有通过质疑某个观点,并将其与其他观点做对比,人们才能真正理解那个观点
的价值。
68 "People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust
, no matter how valuable their contributions might be."
68. 人们总是错误地对待专家,怀疑、不信任他们,不管专家们的贡献有多大。
231 " 'Moderation in all things' is ill-considered advice. Rather, one shou
ld say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern
require or at least profit from intense focus."
231. “对所有事情适度”是不正确的建议。而应是“对大多数事情要适度。”因为
人们从事的许多领域需要或者至少得益于执着。(这里的适度类似中庸)
(十) 其它:163,164,65,225,71,200,27,29,59,62
163 "Most people live, whether physically or morally, in a very restricted
circle. They make use of a very limited portion of the resources available
to them until they face a great problem or crisis."
163. 大多数人,不管是肉体上还是精神上,都局限于有限的范围内。直到他们遇到
重大问题或危机的时候,才会发现自己只不过利用了可用资源很有限的一部分而已。
164 "Sometimes imagination is a more valuable asset than experience. People
who lack experience are free to imagine what is possible and thus can appro
ach a task without constraints of established habits and attitudes."
164. 想象力有时比经验更有价值。缺乏实际经验的人对可能性有更自由的想象
空间,所以能够不受固有的习惯和思维的限制来完成任务。
65 "People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differen
ces that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals,
and groups."
65. 人们经常被社会鼓励去关注思想、个体和团体之间表面的不同,以至于往往忽略其中
有意义的相似之处。
225 "People often look for similarities, even between very different things
, and even when it is unhelpful or harmful to do so. Instead, a thing
should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to
compare it to something else."
225. 人们经常寻找相似处,不管两个事物有多么不同,即便这样做没有意义或是有害
的。我们应该就事论事,避免把它拿去和其他事物比较。
71 "Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others."
71. 适当的独处有利于营造更为良好的相处关系。
200 "The most elusive knowledge is self-knowledge, and it is usually acquir
ed through solitude, rather than through interaction with others."
200. 最难的莫过于认知自我,通常只能通过独处,而非与他人交往来了解自己。
27 "No one can possibly achieve success in the world by conforming to conve
ntional practices and conventional ways of thinking."
27.遵守传统经验和想法的人是不会成功的。
29 "Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect
people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public
role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their
privacy."
29. 公众人物,例如演员、政治家和运动员应该预料到人们对他们私生活的关注。当他
们决定成为公众角色时,他们应该想到自己至少将失去某些隐私。
59 "Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others,
people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the
choices that are best for them."
59. 人们用太多的精力来模仿他人。人们应该学会独立思考和行动,而不要照搬
别人的东西,这样才能做出最适合他们的选择。
62 "The widespread idea that people should make self-improvement a primary
goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are
intrinsically deficient."
62. 人们普遍认为应该把自我完善当作生命的首要目标,这样的想法是有问题
的,因为它假设人们本质上是不完善的。
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:40:45 |显示全部楼层
第九类:社会类
(一) 社会问题:3,15,58,124,149,185,190,142,121,149,242
3 "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social pr
oblems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future
generations."
3.我们应该把更多的钱用在目前现存的社会问题上,而不是用在可能有助于后代的长期
研究项目上。
15 "The stability of a society depends on how it responds to the extremes o
f human behavior."
15. 社会的安定取决于社会对人们极端行为的回应措施。
58 "The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it
solves."
58. 快节奏的生活导带来的问题比解决的问题多。
24 "Instant foods, instant communication, faster transportation-all of the
se recent developments are designed to save time. Ironically, though,
instead of making more leisure time available, these developments have
contributed to a pace of human affairs that is more rushed and more frantic
than ever before."
124. 快餐、实时通讯、高速运输,所有这些最新发展都是为了节省人们的时间。但具有
讽刺意味的是,这些进步非但没有给人们带来更多的闲暇时间,反而让人们的生活节奏
越来越忙乱。
149 "The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to
attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive proj
ects."
149. 保护野生环境最实际有效的方法就是通过环保项目吸引更多的观光客到那些地
方去。
185. 丑闻,不管是政治、学术还是其他领域,都是有用的。它们能吸引人们的注意
力,而使我们聚焦于问题,以一种演讲者和改革家都做不到的方式。
186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must
serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's
world."
190 "As long as people in a society are hungry or out of work or lack the b
asic skills needed to survive, the use of public resources to support the
arts is inappropriate -- and, perhaps, even cruel -- when one considers all
the potential uses of such money."
190. 当人们挨饿、失业或者缺少维持生存的基本技能时,动用公众资源来支持艺术
就不合适了,也许,考虑到这些金钱的所有可能用途时,就更不人道了。
142 "The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people questi
on authority."
142. 当许多公民质疑权威的时候,社会才能更富强。
149 "The most practical and effective way to protect wilderness areas is to
attract more tourists to these areas through environmentally sensitive proj
ects."
149. 保护野生环境最实际有效的方法就是通过环保项目吸引更多的观光客到那些地
方去。
121 "At various times in the geological past, many species have become exti
nct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no
justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a
great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species."
121. 在过去不同的地质时期,很多物种的灭绝都是自然因素造成,而并非人类行为。
所以,社会没有理由花费很大的人力物力去拯救濒临灭绝的物种。
242. "Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of
the expense to humans in effort, time, and financial well-being."
242.社会应尽力挽救每一动植物物种,不管花费多少人力、时间和财力。
(二) 社会进步:133,137,211,226
133 "The problems of modern society have led many people to complain: 'We l
ive in terrible times.' Yet, given the choice, no one today would prefer to
live in any other time."
133. 现代社会中的问题使很多人抱怨:“我们生活在一个糟糕的年代。”但如果让
他们来选择,没有人会愿意过以往的生活。
137 "What we call progress is a matter of exchanging one problem for
another."
137. 我们所谓的进步只不过是把一个问题转化成了另一个问题。
211 "Any decision-whether made by government, by a corporation, or by an in
dividual person-must take into account future conditions more than present
conditions."
211. 一个决策,不管政府、企业抑或个人做出的,都应该考虑将来的情形多于目前
的情形。
226 "People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront a
re more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their
predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased
knowledge and experience."
226. 人们错误地认为他们碰到的问题要比他们前辈碰到的问题更复杂、更具挑战性。
这个错觉最终会随着知识和经验的积累消除。
(三) 理想与实际的关系:99,186,148
99 "In any realm of life -- whether academic, social, business, or politica
l -- the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an
idealistic, point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas
idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
99. 在生活的各个领域,不管是学术、社交、商业或政治,要想成功,只能靠实际而
并非理想化的观点。注重成效的行为确保了生存,而理想化的观点倾向于被更简单、
更直接的观点取代。
186 "Practicality is now our great idol, which all powers and talents must
serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today's
world."
186. 现在,实用性是我们最大的追求,所有的力量和聪明才智都应为其努力。任何
没有明显实用性的东西在当今世界都是没有价值的。
148 "Many people admire idealism, but it usually leads to disappointment or
trouble."
148. 许多人崇尚理想主义,但它往往带来失望或烦恼。
(四) 竞争:2,37
2 "Competition is ultimately more beneficial than detrimental to society."
2.对社会而言,竞争最终利大于弊。
37 "In most societies, competition generally has more of a negative than a
positive effect."
37. 在大多数社会中,通常情况下竞争总是起到消极的作用,而不是积极的作用。
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:41:17 |显示全部楼层
第十类:历史类
(一) 历史与现代:7,26,38,110,147,155,54,103,120,125,189
38.38 "In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once
was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading
books."
在电视机时代,阅读书籍已经没有原来那样重要了。人们从电视上学到的东西丝毫
不比从书本中学来的少。
7 "The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of cont
emporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation
than written records."
7. 数码相机可以精确、令人信服地记录当代人们的生活,作为一种记录方式,它的重
要性已经超过了纸笔记录。
26 "Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of a
ny society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on
ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.
In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the
preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be
served."
26.很多人认为建筑代表了一个社会过去的历史价值,但是当现代城市的规划者想要利
用老建筑占用的地盘做新的规划时,就会引起很多争辩。在这样的情况下,现代的发展应
该优先被考虑,以使当代的需要得到满足。
110 "When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storyte
llers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by
interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise
than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers."
110. 当我们研究历史时,我们变成了讲故事的人。因为我们无从直接知道过去发生
的事情,必须通过一些证据来构建,所以历史研究是一个有创造成分的领域,而并非
一个客观的学科。所有的历史学家都是讲故事的人(storyteller)。
147 "Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between
them."
147. 传统和现代不相容。人们必须在二者之间做出选择。
155 "Contemporary society offers so many ways of learning that reading book
s is no longer very important."
155. 当代社会提供了很多学习的途径,读书这种学习方式已经不是很重要了。
54 "History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help p
eople to make important decisions today."
54. 历史只教会我们一件事:了解过去并不能帮助今天的人们在重大的事情上做决定。
103 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant
to our daily lives."
103. 研究历史的价值只体现在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时。
120 "So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understandin
g of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
120. 现代生活是崭新、复杂的,认知过去对现在没有指导价值。
125 "The past is no predictor of the future."
125. 过去并不能预示将来。
189 "If people disregard the great works of the past, it is because these w
orks no longer answer the needs of the present."
189. 如果人们忽视了过去的伟大成就,那是因为这些成就已不能再回应目前的需要。
(二) 历史作用:81,103,221
81 "Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impe
de than to encourage progress."
81.对国家历史的带有爱国主义色彩的崇敬往往对国家发展起阻碍作用,而不是推动作用。
103 "The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant
to our daily lives."
103. 研究历史的价值只体现在这种研究和我们的日常生活相关时。
221 "The chief benefit of the study of history is to break down the illusio
n that people in one period of time are significantly different from people
who lived at any other time in history."
221. 研究历史最明显的好处就是消除了这样的错觉,某个时代的人们与历史上另
一个时代的人们有重大的差别
(三) 个人得失与历史:48,241
241."An individual's greatness cannot be judged objectively by his or her
contemporaries; the most objective evaluators of a person's greatness are
people who belong to a later time."
241.个体的伟大成就不能由同时代的人来评判;对于成就最客观的评价者是后来人。
48 "The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most
significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the
famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been
forgotten."
48. 对历史的研究把太多的重点放在对某些个人上。而历史上一些重大的事件和发展趋
势不是由个别名人决定的,而是由那些已经被人们淡忘的社会群体所创造的。
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:41:41 |显示全部楼层
第十一类:国际类:11,13,116,170,197
11 "All nations should help support the development of a global university
designed to engage students in the process of solving the world's most persi
stent social problems."
11. 所有的国家应共同建立一所全球性大学,用来培养学生们解决世界的最顽
固的社会问题。
3 "Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and
fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these
languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming
extinct."
13. 许多世界上鲜为人知的语言由于越来越少的人使用而逐渐消失。使用这些语言的国
家应该采取措施防止这些语言绝迹。
116 "With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and comm
unication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society -- including
education, politics, the arts, and the sciences -- will benefit greatly
from international influences."
116. 随着经济和通讯等领域的全球化,毫无疑问,社会的方方面面,包括教育、政治、
艺术和科学,都将从这种国际化影响中获益非浅。
170 "The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its
rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
170. 伟大国家最可靠的标志不是其统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就,而是全
体人民的福利。
197 "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily co
nnected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries."
197. 一个国家的生活质量提高和社会的安定是和其他所有国家的生活质量提高和社会
安定密不可分的。
:victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory:
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:44:27 |显示全部楼层
全部发送完毕!希望对准备考作文的朋友有所帮助!我的心愿也就达到了

:):):):):):):):):)


:victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory:
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 01:53:23 |显示全部楼层

主題﹕GRE阅读秘诀

备考GRE的同学是否花了大量的时间背单词;是否痛苦地研究复杂的英语句型;是否反复背诵各种文章类型及各种不同问法;是否花费大量时间精力准备却仍然不能保证在考试时快而准确地答对所有阅读题目?但你是否想过, 在你认真准备之后, 仍然不能达到目标的主要原因是真的没能力还是准备的方法无效?
常见错误方法的分析

  背大量单词.

  你是否考虑过这样的问题:所背的单词真是你将在考试中遇到的单词吗;认识的单词多就能答对选项吗? 若真是这样,英语系的学生应该是稳拿高分的考生, 或者只要是英语国家的人就能答对GRE阅读的所有选项。但是看看你周围的同学, 他们实现这样的结果了吗?

  研究复杂句型.

  同样的, 你是否想过考试的时候有时间去了解每句话的具体结构?如果精确理解每句话就能答对所有的问题, 那为什么总有些考完试的同学抱怨, 读懂了文章却选不出正确选项呢。 到底句子的哪些内容才能帮我们选出正确选项呢?

  背诵文章类型

  在紧张的考试状态下, 我能在见到文章时就能准确判断出对应的文章类型吗? 我能一边回忆各种文章类型的特点, 一边快速读文章吗? 对于各类文章的结构的把握, 真的需要背那么多类型吗? 是否有一种方法能帮我们把握所有类型的文章结构,而无需大量的背诵呢?

  背诵问题类型

  最后我们要问自己, 在考试的有限时间内我们能否对每道题都精确定位。如果根据问题的类型, 就能找出正确选项的话, 为什么我们在定位后, 仍然觉得有些选项无法排除? 对于两个原文都提到过的选项, 我们应该选择谁呢?

  如果我们不能用现有方法解决以上问题, 那为什么要花大量时间在这些无用的东西上,而不去寻找更有效的GRE阅读方法呢?

解题步骤和原则

  连美国人都要参加的GRE考试并不只是单纯的语言考试,而是测试思维能力的考试——测试解决问题的能力。那么什么是正确选项呢?对于GRE阅读而言,正确选项必是原文提供的信息,并是所有可供选择的选项中最好的一个。这就要求我们根据原文的内容及选项之间的区别来答题。所以我们不能将解题重点浪费在无关的内容上,而是尽快获取解题所需信息,然后将注意力集中在读问题和比选项上,才能在保证答题的正确率的同时节约时间。

  第一步 读原文,到底是该慢读还是快读。

  这里首先要指出的是,我们减少读原文所需的时间并不是要减少阅读的内容,而是要调整阅读的节奏,将原文内容分为慢读内容和快读内容。所以,我们一定要读全文,不可跳过文中任何一句话,并且对于慢读内容要用中文记忆。记忆的内容包括:每段的第一句话、文章中的对比点、转折后的内容及全文的最后一句话;文章的其它部分则均为快读内容。这里需要注意的是记忆慢读内容的重点是句子的主体内容,而不是时间、地点或句子结构。同时在整个阅读过程中,要特别注意also/this/that所引导的内容,且不要拘泥于看不懂的地方。

  第二步 读问题,读懂它指向的信息点。

  首先我们要将问题从头读到尾,读懂问题所指向的信息点,然后根据所记原文信息做逻辑推理定位该信息点在原文中所处的段落层。如果该问题仅指向为原文某一处信息点,则应该根据题目的具体内容(主要是名词)回到原文找出答题的依据。注意,回到原文后一定要将整句话从头读到尾,而不能断章取义。

  第三步 挑选项,排除哪些,比较什么。

  这里我们必须强调正确选项是通过比较而产生的,是所有选项中相对最优的。所以我们首先把绝对错误的选项去掉后,就可以开始通过比较排除法挑出最好的选项。根据对原文的记忆,绝对错误的选项包括:选项内容包含在文章中但与问题所指信息不在同一个层次或段落的选项、内容与所记住的原文信息相违背的选项、选项内容为原文的细节而问题内容为中心思想的选项及内容肯定没有出现在原文中的选项。

  在排除了绝对错误选项后,我们将根据下列原则,比较剩余选项:

对于不用回原文查找信息的问题,选择内容与我们所记住的信息中与问题相应的信息最接近的选项;对于需要回原文查找信息的问题,选择和该信息最接近的选项。这里,名词是我们判断接近与否的依据。
如果通过以上步骤依然有剩余选项,表达得越模糊的选项越好。
如果依然有剩余选项,出现绝对化概念的选项为相对不好的选项。
如果还不能做最后判断,可以考虑选择选项A或选项D。注意,在排除选项时不要将注意力集中在修饰成分上,句子主体的内容更加重要。
培养新的阅读习惯

  以上,我们已经了解了GRE阅读的所有答题步骤及原则。但是否了解完整步骤之后就能有效地对付难词较多、内容复杂的GRE文章呢? 提高阅读能力,还需要我们培养新的阅读习惯。

  首先,我们必须在阅读的过程中注重对文章的内容记忆,而非花大量精力去理解文章所隐含的逻辑关系,即我们所要记住的是文章说了些什么事情,而不是为什么要说这些事情。因为,如前所述,对于GRE阅读而言,正确选项必是原文提供的信息。这种客观性,要求我们答题的所有依据都包含在原文中,所以读文章时记住比理解重要。而在有时间限制的情况下,我们不可能同时记住并理解所读内容。所以,大家要学会习惯这种新的阅读方式。

  其次,我们要学会正确的读句子的方法。由于英文和中文的表达习惯不同,在读英文时,我们往往被中文的阅读习惯所干扰,而不能正确理解英文所表达的含义。所以我们首先要排除中文解释对英文理解的干扰,根据所读句子内容的合理性理解英文。然后按照下列原则练习读句子的能力:

按照英文的语序理解意思;
不要去分析具体的修饰成分,而是根据读懂的内容把每件事分开记;
如果有两个句子围绕同一个事展开,后一句不用慢读;
如果有好几句话在说相互没有关联的一堆事,则是在举例,不用重点读。
  至此,大家已经了解了所有能够帮助大家在考场中顺利通过GRE阅读的所有知识,希望能帮助大家顺利通过GRE的阅读障碍。当然要确保实施有效,还需要进行练习,才能熟悉掌握该方法。

转载于:http://canadaoriental.ca/forum/viewtopic.php?t=38

:victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory:我爱寄托:victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory:
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 3Rank: 3

声望
0
寄托币
462
注册时间
2005-5-24
精华
0
帖子
1
发表于 2005-7-30 08:57:47 |显示全部楼层
thanks

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
2
寄托币
1423
注册时间
2005-7-19
精华
0
帖子
1
发表于 2005-7-30 09:36:53 |显示全部楼层
我正好需要,谢谢
仲宁的烟花之夜

使用道具 举报

Rank: 3Rank: 3

声望
0
寄托币
600
注册时间
2005-6-1
精华
0
帖子
1
发表于 2005-7-30 11:05:18 |显示全部楼层
up 一下

使用道具 举报

Rank: 11Rank: 11Rank: 11Rank: 11

声望
45
寄托币
32546
注册时间
2005-1-25
精华
17
帖子
749

Capricorn摩羯座 荣誉版主

发表于 2005-7-30 12:12:29 |显示全部楼层
谢谢你的分享!
Love, is always a star in the foggy dawn......

寄托博客:爱似晨星

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 12:56:09 |显示全部楼层
继续顶!
:)

:victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory::victory:
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

Rank: 3Rank: 3

声望
0
寄托币
431
注册时间
2005-6-9
精华
0
帖子
4
发表于 2005-7-30 14:11:36 |显示全部楼层
恩, 偶看了觉得不错~
感谢分享
There is no other way...

使用道具 举报

Rank: 5Rank: 5

声望
56
寄托币
12252
注册时间
2004-9-21
精华
18
帖子
16

Golden Apple

发表于 2005-7-30 16:14:56 |显示全部楼层
为了回报寄托网站,:p所有的斑竹:)和所有的寄托勇士,:D再次将总结的GRE作文必背200句及新东方的背诵五十文奉献给大家!回贴即可看见全部内!:victory::victory::victory::victory:
1According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查,每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,像犯罪和**。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客。
2.        11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认,空气污染是一个极其严重的问题:城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
12a. A proper part-time job does not occupy students' too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
3.        21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看,这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在,人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题,任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者,有如下理由:

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前,我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
全部文挡附件点击下载!:victory:

[ Last edited by polymath on 2005-7-30 at 16:16 ]
附件: 你需要登录才可以下载或查看附件。没有帐号?立即注册
Mencius said,"When heaven is about to confer a great office on any man,it first exercises his mind with suffering, and his sinews and bones with toil.It exposes his body to hunger………….By all these methods, it stimulates his mind, consolidates his character, and increases his efficiency".

使用道具 举报

RE: 主題分享----GRE作文备考弹药库----献给所有准备寄托的勇士!) [修改]
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

问答
Offer
投票
面经
最新
精华
转发
转发该帖子
主題分享----GRE作文备考弹药库----献给所有准备寄托的勇士!)
https://bbs.gter.net/thread-308572-1-1.html
复制链接
发送
报offer 祈福 爆照
回顶部