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As illusive as it seems to be at the first glance,whether television win over books is not the focus of this paper.Besides,there's no reason in asserting one's priority over the other,as both are the child of our time.How does people's preferences influenced the development of media will be fully discussed.

It is nothing special and nothing mournful to  for one media to take place of another,like television over books in the topic,or books over oral heritage in the past,or internet over televisions in the future,all in the spirit of Darwinism as a natural course. However,Social Darwinism may not be proper to describe this issue as it implies a hidden judgement of the newer generation superior of the older ones,which is not the case for media.Only the Fittest survive--and this is the key to understand the transition from books to television,as they are the most fitting child of the mother society.

On the threshold of  the age of books(around 15th and 16th century,just in time of the Renaissance),questions like "in the age of books,reciting documents and oratory skills are not as important as it once was.People can learn as much by reading books as they can by talking to the elders." must have been asked,and a variety of answers must have been produced as it would be of any important social changes.Books have evident advantages over oral heritage as they can be preserved for a longer period of time,transmitted over a larger audience,and recorded greater amount of information.The lifestyle of the society changed as the custom of reading books became more and more prevalent.The spread of books provoked the inquisitive spirit and inspired ordinary people to think,which resulted in the breaking of spiritual autocracy of the Church.But just like all the important social changes,this media transition has its dark side.The intimate connection between the elder and the younger generation broke,which in the end resulted in rasher and thoughtless conduct as well as various social harzards that usually happen in a society where people lost the respect for the elders,as information is not the only thing that people get from their ancestors,invaluable personal experience and advice also came with it.But the battle between the oral heritage and books are won by the latter,since it promised a society of higher efficiency which was chosen as the most important trait of society after the Industrial Revolution.

The battle of the TV over the books is of a similar nature.Yes,just as the topic said,"people can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books",the newer media must possess most of the traits of the previous media(like the need to record in the case of the oral heritage and the books),but this is not what really matters.The books predominated human society for over 6 centuries because it fits the impulse of it.With audio-visual elements added,The television does not only satisfied the need for people to get access to records,but also liberised people's hands when they need to gather information--they can hear it and watch it,while doing something else physically now.The type of information it recorded also overwhelmed that of the books,and its audience is even of a broader background than books--now illiterates are not shut outside the informations.TV is revolutionary,for just as books,it changed the way people live.But just like the disadvantages of books,there are certain things that televisions are not capable of.In the age of books,authors are still of a small amount,and most of documents get published were under stringent quality control.TV,as a form of mass media,does not have such strict quality control manners,thus the authentity and quality of the information it published cannot be garanteed.Also,television programs favors images over words,in the long run resulted in a slight increase of illiteracy and the decrease of the ability to imagine.In the age of television,the crime rate and violence also seems to be higher than that of the era of books,although the causation was not confirmed.However,as much problems as it may have,the television became more and more popular in the new era,because it speeded up the process of information gathering by visualizing it,hence increased the efficiency significantly.

Honestly,whether one puts books over television,or vice versa,is highly personal.How much would people benefit from either of the media also depends individually.How much that people would benefit from the media is not the main concern when talking about the media.What really matters is whether the new media posed a positive influence over the productivity and efficiency of the society.As the new era of internet approaches,rational attitudes like this is more and more of vital importance.

在此预先谢过各位。