issue172 argument188(sally组作业

48778UID: 209221

ISSUE
172"Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time."

In the long history the human being was advancing step by step. During the course they met various difficulties and found numerous important facts. Some of facts seem reasonable and can be accepted by people. However most of them can not be understood easily.
To begin with, we are inclined to accept some truths which are easy to understand and reasonable, or they can bring convenience to us even if we touch  them just now. In ancient time the stone can be used to hunt animals, so the stone is believed a basic tool for them .For the people who live in advanced time can share the convenience the high techniques bring to us, such as watching colorful television programs and chatting on the internet .All these important truths and finding furnish us great pleasure, so they can be easily accepted by us.
Nevertheless, in scientific areas some findings are not easily understood by every one, especially during the former time after its debut. For instance, before we, human being, project the satellite to the space the researchers envisage that we will have a possibility to know of the space. During that time it can not get people’s support. They believe it is a word by a foolish man. With the development of the techniques we enter into the space and begin to know it .we are sure we can use it perfectly one day .the researchers’ dream will come true
In addition, in other fields the new truth always leads to discussing and it needs a long time for people to recognize. For a new artistic craft people always treat it in an unpleasant attitude, even if it is reasonable. For instance a weird drawing seems not beautiful, so people can not enjoy it in a proper way. One will tell another person it is no value, then other people believe so and pay no attention to it. Maybe after several years people think it in a alternative way, the picture's true value can be found.
In conclusion, some truths can be easily understood and those which can bring immediate use to us can be easily accepted. For Most important truths which can not be understood by most people are always treated with a kind of attack to the accepted ideas by people. In fact the condition can not be avoided. However if the human being can change their attitude to the new and important truths, we can make full use of them., at least use them ahead of time.





ARGUMENT
188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluateIn this article the author cites a research made by some researchers who extract the wisdom teeth and  a new report which announced that men and women experience pain very differently from one another on the basis the above research and for the patients to defend his conclusion that the kappa opioids ,a painkiller, should be prescribed to women ,the men should be given other pain medication and other pain meditation should be revaluated on men and women .At first sight it seems reasonable, However careful scrutiny reveals various logical problems which make it unconvincing.
To begin with , the article's statistical reliability is questionable. The convincing result relys on a sample which is sufficient in size and representative of the overall.. In this article the author provide no accurate information on the sample. Perhaps in these patients men have a serious pain and the women get a slight pain. Perhaps in this sample most of the patients are men .In this way even if only a few men suffered the pain after cure, the number is more than the women. So the author can not justifiably rely on the study to draw the conclusion.
Another point worth considering is that the author fails to conclude the painkiller has no effect on the man .While this might be the case .However during the cure the doctor give all the patients the same dosage painkiller. The common sense tells me that the man should have a high dosage to cure various illnesses because they have a better durability. In short without ruling these causes the author can not make his recommendation sound..
Even if this kind of painkiller has effect only to the women and plays no role to the men, the author's assertion that the researchers should revaluate the effects of all medications is flawed. Perhaps all other drugs have been valuated before they are allowed to be used.
In conclusion the assertion is untenable in light of a variety of alternative explanations and unreliable statistics. To strengthen it the author must provide that the accurate information about the sample. To better evaluate the article we would need more information about whether these patients are cured with other same methods before the treatment.

the effects of all medications on men versus women.

48778UID: 209221

ssue172 argument188(sally组作业

ISSUE
172"Important truths begin as outrageous, or at least uncomfortable, attacks upon the accepted wisdom of the time."

In the long history the human being was （human beings were）advancing step by step. During the course they met various difficulties and found numerous important facts. Some of facts (是不是用truths更好点) seem (to be) reasonable and can be accepted by people. However most of them can not be understood easily.
To begin with, we are inclined to accept some truths which are easy (easily) to (be) understand (understood) and reasonable, or they can bring convenience to us even if we touch them just now. In ancient time the stone can be used to hunt animals, so the stone is believed a basic tool for them .For the people who live in advanced time can share the convenience the high techniques bring to us, such as watching colorful television programs and chatting on the internet .All these important truths and finding furnish us great pleasure, so they can be easily accepted by us. (例子好像不太准确)
Nevertheless, in scientific areas some findings are not easily understood by every one, especially during the former time after its debut. For instance, before we, human being, project the satellite to the space the researchers envisage that we will have a possibility to know of the space. During that time it can not get people’s support. They believe it is a word by a foolish man. With the development of the techniques we enter into the space and begin to know (research) it .we are sure we can use it perfectly one day .the researchers’ dream will come true
In addition, in other fields (such as......) the new truth always leads to discussing and it needs a long time for people to recognize. For a new artistic craft people always treat it in an unpleasant attitude, even if it is reasonable （of great value）. For instance a weird drawing seems not beautiful, so people can not enjoy it in a proper way. One will tell another person it is （has）no value, and then other people believe so and pay no attention to it. Maybe after several years, people think it in an alternative way, the picture's true value can be found.
In conclusion, some truths can be easily understood and those which can bring immediate use to us can be easily accepted. For Most important truths which can not be understood by most people are always treated with （as）a kind of attack to the accepted ideas by people. In fact the condition can not be avoided. However if the human being can change their attitude to the new and important truths, we can make full use of them, at least use them ahead of time.观点清楚，例子明确，语言有待加强

ARGUMENT
188A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another, and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate
In this article the author cites a research made by some researchers who extract the wisdom teeth and  a new report which announced that men and women experience pain very differently from one another on the basis the above research and for the patients to defend his conclusion that the kappa opioids ,a painkiller, should be prescribed to women ,（while） the men should be given other pain medication and other pain meditation should be revaluated on men and women .At first sight it seems （to be） reasonable, However careful scrutiny reveals various logical problems which make it unconvincing.
To begin with, the article's statistical reliability is questionable. The convincing result relies on a sample which is sufficient in size and representative of the overall. In this article the author provide （provides） no accurate information on the sample. Perhaps in these patients men have a serious pain and the women get a slight pain. Perhaps in this sample most of the patients are men .In this way even if only a few men suffered the pain after cure, the number is more than the women. So the author can not justifiably rely on the study to draw the conclusion.
Another point worth considering is that the author fails to conclude the painkiller has no effect on the man .While this might be the case .However during the cure the doctor give all the patients the same dosage painkiller. The common sense tells me that the man should have a high dosage to cure various illnesses because they have a better durability. In short without ruling （out） these causes the author can not make his recommendation sound.（批判一般不用common sense ）
Even if this kind of painkiller has effect only to the women and plays no role to the men, the author's assertion that the researchers should revaluate the effects of all medications is flawed. Perhaps all other drugs have been valuated before they are allowed to be used.
In conclusion the assertion is untenable in light of a variety of alternative explanations and unreliable statistics. To strengthen it the author must provide that the accurate information about the sample. To better evaluate the article we would need more information about whether these patients are cured with other same methods before the treatment.

组长,由于我的partner昨晚不能上寄托,我给他发过去修改,所以这贴是我贴的,但是是他给我修改的