argument150 sally小组 2月20日作业互批

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题目：ARGUMENT 150 - The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indicates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibians observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline."
字数：481          用时：0:29:38          日期：2006-2-20

In the letter of an environmental magazine, the writer concludes that the decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide largely due to the global pollution of water and air. To substantiates his conclusion, the writer provides two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park to show that the number of it reduce significantly from 1915 to 1992.  It seems reasonable at first glance, however deep scrutiny reveals several flaws of the letter.

In the first place, the reliability of the study is open to doubt. The fact that only four species of amphibians observed in the part does not necessarily mean that only four species existed in the part. It is quite possible that the rest three kinds of amphibians change their formal habitat to a secret place where cannot easily be found by people. In reality, those kinds of amphibians not only do not die out but also live happily in the park. Therefore, the result of the study lends little credibility to the conclusion that they are extinct.

In the second place, even admit that the remaining three kinds of amphibians truly extinct, that the introduction of trout into the park cannot be the real reason is totally unwarranted. It is quite known that trout takes amphibian eggs as feed stuff, which can significantly reduce the number of newly born amphibians so that decrease the number of amphibians. Without ruling out the possibility, the written cannot simply take pollution as cause of the decline of amphibians in Yosemite.

In the third place, explaining of trout introduction cannot expand to the worldwide decline does not refute the likelihood of it. Different countries have different environmental ecological condition. When facing the some problem, different countries may have their own causes. Maybe the temperature of other countries becomes hotter and hotter, not suitable for amphibians’ living. For the situations mentioned above, analogy those completely different dissimilar countries would be misleading.
Finally, the writer ignores other factors that may contribute to the decline in the numbers of amphibians. It is entirely possible that the way amphibians live cannot adapt to the contemporary environment so that they are selected out by the nature even there is no pollution. It is equally possible that amphibians are kinds of food which human are fond of. Just the mass killing of amphibians for food leads to the decrease in amphibians. Without considering such factors, simply drawing conclusion summing-up that the deduction of amphibians is due to the pollution of water and air is ungrounded.

In sum, the claim that real reason for the Yosemite deduction of amphibians can be explain by global pollution is inconvincible as it stands. To substantiate it, the writer should provide detail information about living condition of amphibians. What is more, he should offer factors that eliminate the cause of trout and give additional evidence to prove that pollution is the real reas

[ 本帖最后由 yogurt4 于 2006-2-20 23:05 编辑 ]

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ument150 sally小组 2月20日作业互批

题目：ARGUMENT 150 - The following is a letter to the editor of an environmental magazine.

"The decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide clearly indicates the global pollution of water and air. Two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park in California confirm my conclusion. In 1915 there were seven species of amphibians in the park, and there were abundant numbers of each species. However, in 1992 there were only four species of amphibians observed in the park, and the numbers of each species were drastically reduced. The decline in Yosemite has been blamed on the introduction of trout into the park's waters, which began in 1920 (trout are known to eat amphibian eggs). But the introduction of trout cannot be the real reason for the Yosemite decline because it does not explain the worldwide decline."
字数：481          用时：0:29:38          日期：2006-2-20

In the letter of an environmental magazine, the writer concludes that the decline in the numbers of amphibians worldwide largely due to the global pollution of water and air. To substantiate his conclusion, the writer provides two studies of amphibians in Yosemite National Park to show that the numbers reduce significantly from 1915 to 1992.  It seems reasonable at first glance, however deep scrutiny reveals several flaws of the letter.

In the first place, the reliability of the study is open to doubt. The fact that only four species of amphibians observed in the part does not necessarily mean that only four species existed in the part. It is quite possible that the rest three kinds of amphibians change their formal habitat to a secret place where cannot easily be found by people. In reality, those kinds of amphibians not only do not die out but also live happily in the park. Therefore, the result of the study lends little credibility to the conclusion that they are extinct.(这段实际上要说明四物种，样本量少，不足以说明结论，另外作者列举的另外三物种的演变需再详细，这样效果会好些。)

In the second place, even admit that the remaining three kinds of amphibians truly extinct, that the introduction of trout into the park cannot be the real reason is totally unwarranted. It is quite known that trout takes amphibian eggs as feed stuff, which can significantly reduce the number of newly born amphibians so that decrease the number of amphibians. Without ruling out the possibility, the written cannot simply take pollution as cause of the decline of amphibians in Yosemite.（这段写的有点乱，没有说清楚）

In the third place, explaining of trout introduction cannot expand to the worldwide decline does not refute the likelihood of it. Different countries have different environmental ecological condition. When facing the some problem, different countries may have their own causes. Maybe the temperature of other countries becomes hotter and hotter, not suitable for amphibians’ living. For the situations mentioned above, analogy those completely different dissimilar countries would be misleading.

Finally, the writer ignores other factors that may contribute to the decline in the numbers of amphibians. It is entirely possible that the way amphibians live cannot adapt to the contemporary environment so that they are selected out by the nature even there is no pollution. It is equally possible that amphibians are kinds of food which human are fond of. Just the mass killing of amphibians for food leads to the decrease in amphibians. Without considering such factors, simply drawing conclusion summing-up that the deduction of amphibians is due to the pollution of water and air is ungrounded.（这段写的比较好，分析的也较透彻）

In sum, the claim that real reason for the Yosemite deduction of amphibians can be explain by global pollution is inconvincible as it stands. To substantiate it, the writer should provide detail information about living condition of amphibians. What is more, he should offer factors that eliminate the cause of trout and give additional evidence to prove that pollution is the real reason.