年底大贴——TPO阅读疑难问题汇总解答

jiang08UID：2391146

最近在版面上看到很多同学有对TPO阅读听力部分的疑问
比较零散
因此考虑在这里汇总
不过精力时间有限
先对阅读部分下手

【提问前请先到2楼看索引和直达电梯，谢谢】


使用材料：TPO1-13套
参考答案：1-9的参照文勇5.0 （下载链接在此：https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1027201&highlight=）

提问内容：任何与阅读部分有关的内容，题目不理解 或者文章句子看不懂都可以

发帖格式：首先标明是TPO第几套，然后附文章标题，再复制题目包括paragraph的那段话。
e.g:

TPO 5 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound

Paragraph 1: Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
○It is native to lowlands and marshes.
○It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
○It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
○It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

之所以希望大家严格遵照这个格式，是想把常见的疑问汇总起来，方便后面的同学找解答，不用单独发帖提问。谢谢大家配合。

jiang08UID：2391146

这层做为索引，把疑问和解答按TPO的题目分类
请提问前先找找这里有没有现成的答案
后面楼层数是我的解答，其中包括了提问的原帖，点击楼层电梯直达:victory:
希望大家好好利用电梯:lol


--------------------------------------------

TPO 3

Architecture
Q3 & Q10：66楼
Q12：46楼

The long-term Stability of Ecosystems
Q7：59楼


TPO 4

Petroleum Resources
Q4：12楼


TPO 5

Minerals and Plants
Q11：40楼（附在线测试题Electricity from Wind 第12题）

The Cambrian Explosion
Q4 & Q5：19楼

TPO 6

William Smith
Q3,Q10,Q11：31楼
Q14：20楼

Infantile Amnesia
Q5：32楼
Q9：20楼


TPO 7

The Geologic History of the Mediterranean
Q3，Q6：50楼

Ancient Rome and Greece
Q1 & Q12：69楼
Q7：56楼


TPO 9

Reflection in Teaching
Q5,Q7,Q10：39楼
Q10：84楼

The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
Q3：21楼

TPO 10

Chinese Pottery
Q4：68楼
Q9，Q11：57楼
第三段句子分析：58楼

Variations in the Climate
Q3：60楼 67楼

Seventeenth-century European Economic Growth
Q1：94楼
Q5：87楼
Q12：86楼
第六段句子翻译：92楼


TPO 11

Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
Q2：93楼


TPO 13

Types of Social Groups
Q2：88楼
Q8：89楼
Q11：90楼


ETS官方模考题

Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
Q12：41楼

jiang08UID：2391146

再占一个

jiang08UID：2391146

同学们有问题尽管丢过来哈

jiang08UID：2391146

问一个：
TPO 4-3 石油那篇第三题：
Paragraph 1—2：Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.

Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.

4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.
○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.
○Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.
○The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.
文勇的答案和saavedro版大的答案冲突。。。1、3选项我也晕了
1 的promote跟文中事实不对应
3 读不通，主谓语都有问题吧
i2000s 发表于 2009-12-12 16:22

两边答案不一样，我也只能给我的个人看法，欢迎探讨。
我选3。
1中，promote表示进一步促进。注意原文中“促进”的主语和宾语：sedimentation造成其环境温度和压力的变化（海底压力大温度高）。而1的逻辑关系正好相反。
3的读不通问题应该是typo，ETS的选项肯定make sense（不然太简单啦）。increase应该是increased，修饰温度压力。注意from这个词，表示了weight造成温度压力变化，合原文逻辑一致（原文中破折号部分解释了weight和sedimentation的关系）。

jiang08UID：2391146

tpo5 THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION
Paragraph2: Scientists have asked important questions about this explosion for more than a century. Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. Why does the fossil record not document the series of evolutionary changes during the evolution of animals? Why did animal life evolve so quickly? Paleontologists continue to search the fossil record for answers to these questions.
4. The period discussed in the passage is referred to as an explosion because it
occurred 0.6 billion years ago, late in Earth’s history
was characterized by the unusually fast evolution of many new life-forms.
Was characterized by widespread animal extinction
Was characterized by violent volcanic eruptions
为什么不选第一个 本题题干只说了discussed in the passage 并没有定位在第二段 第一个的内容是第一段出现的 为何排除？
5. According to Paragraph2, which of the following is NOT a question that paleontologists asked about the Cambrian explosion?
Why was the origin of life a simple step in Earth’s history?
Why did it take so long for multicellular organisms to develop?
Why did animal life evolve so rapidly?
Why does the fossil record lack evidence of animal evolution during that time?
不明白选项一与文章哪儿矛盾了 saavedro的解析没看懂 难道问题出在我没读懂句子？第二个选项文章明显 not mention啊
请高人解答 感激万分
伟大的战士 发表于 2009-12-16 13:50

第4：
题目的关键词是explosion，所以答案要表达出“爆炸”的特性：快，多
第一个答案没有解释为什么叫explosion（因为没有paraphrase爆炸的特性）。并不是因为在第一段的缘故被排除。
而第二个选项就很好的解释了爆炸的特性。

第5：
选项一和选项二缘于文中同一个句子：Why did it occur so late in the history of Earth? The origin of multicellular forms of life seems a relatively simple step compared to the origin of life itself. 这里注意要联系第一段生物的起源：真核生物--〉动物（之间隔了0.9billion years，很长）所以刚刚那2句话的隐含意思是：看起来这是比较简单的一步（真核细胞到动物），但为什么之间用了那么久呢（后者在地球发展史里很晚）？
回到选项：1 和原文的意思不符，并不真的是simple step（只是“看起来是”）。
2 刚刚解释过了

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO6        William Smith
14. William Smith’s contributions to geology have increased our knowledge of the Each’s history．
            ●
            ●
            ●
        Answer Choices
Smith found success easily in his profession because he came from a family of geologists and surveyors.               
Smith’s work on canals allowed him to coiled fossils and study rock layers all over England.
Smith found that fossils are much more reliable indicators of geological time than rock strata are．
Smith was named “the father of English geology” for his maps rather than for his other contributions to the field.
Smith and Cuvier discovered that fossil patterns are easier to observe in ancient rock strata than in younger rock strata.
The discovery of the principle of faunal succession allowed geologists to establish the relative age of Earth’s rock layers.

文章主要叙述Williams的成就，2，4选项都是以他为主语，为什么选6不选5呢？
TPO6 Infantile Amnesia
        Paragraph 6: This view is supported by a variety of factors that can create mismatches between very young children's encoding and older children's and adults' retrieval efforts. The world looks very different to a person whose head is only two or three feet above the ground than to one whose head is five or six feet above it, 0lder children and adults often try to retrieve the names of things they saw, but infants would not have encoded the information verbally．General knowledge of categories of events such as a birthday party or a visit to the doctor's office helps older individuals encode their experiences, but again, infants and toddlers are unlikely to encode many experiences within such knowledge structures．
        
9.The phrase “This view” in the passage refers to the belief that

        ○the ability to retrieve a memory partly depends on the similarity between the  encoding and retrieving process
        ○the process of encoding information is less complex for adults than it is for young adults and infants
        ○infants and older children are equally dependent on discussion of past events for the retrieval of information
        ○infants encode information in the same way older children and adults do

谢谢楼主了，很感谢像楼主一样gter的帮助！！！
smalltownboy 发表于 2009-12-16 17:37

William Smith：
文章是在说william smith对地理界的贡献没错，但是不能简单的用是否是以他作为主语来判断正确与否。
第5个选项：
这个选项是为了铺垫倒数第二段的最后一句（主题句：）Fossils are thus identifying markers for particular periods in Earth's history。（因为strata不可靠）

第6个选项：
虽然没有WS（刚发现这个缩写好汗。。）作为主语，注意看这个发现（faunal succession ）（最后一段）：“certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments, while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent”。这正是smith 发现的pattern。所以主语虽然是discovery，仍然在说WS对地理界的贡献。


*****************分割线***********************

Infantile Amnesia：

追上一段（paragraph5）。主题句是：incompatibilities between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults retrieve it。 关键词：输入，输出，一致。题目就是要你paraphrase这个主题句，抓住关键词就好了。

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO9

THE ARRIVAL OF PLANT LIFE IN HAWAII

Paragraph 2: Spores light enough to float on thebreezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at randomacross the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on thedark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon theland. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not singleindividual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus.The algae capture the Sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organicmolecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passingthese on in waste products that nourish algae. It is significant that the earliestliving things that built communities on these islands are examples ofsymbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or moreforms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.


3. Which of the sentences below best expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrectchoices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essentialinformation.
○Some of the earliest importantexamples of symbiosis-the close cooperation of two or more living things-occurin island communities.
○Symbiosis-the close cooperation ofpairs or small groups of living organisms-is especially important in theseisland environments.
○The first organisms on theseislands worked together closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which isparticularly important on islands.
○It is significant to notethat organisms in the beginning stages of the development of island life cannotsurvive without close cooperation.


帮忙分析一下这个难句结构吧

morning8427 发表于 2009-12-17 02:11

划线的句子分析：
主要内容是： the earliest living things（ that built communities on these islands） are examples of symbiosis。括号里的是定语从句，修饰“早期生物”。phenomenon开始是同位从句（类似定语从句），解释什么是“共生”。这句话的重点是：共生关系对早期的岛屿生物很重要。

选项分析：
1 没说出共生的重要性
2 对共生的解释错误，不是pair/group，而是不同form的生物
4 原文没有说到cannot survive without共生

jiang08UID：2391146

21# jiang08

Thanks, 怎么加强这方面分析能力呢
morning8427 发表于 2009-12-17 12:36

长句分析，我的一点经验，仅供参考：
最主要的目标就是把长句break apart
1 找标点符号。一般逗号3个作用：并列的词语；2个句子的连接；一个词组修饰逗号前的名词
2 找关联词。如since，however, therefore等，这些多半会有逗号先行
3 找that/which/when/where/in which case等带领定语从句的代词。句子长了就可以把这部分先拿掉。

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO 10 Chinese pottery

Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact o ...
jc1028 发表于 2009-12-18 04:38

那个，这题错位了:L 。。。我看了一下版上一个相机拍得TPO10，这题是针对paragraph6的，开头是“From early times pots were......”

jiang08UID：2391146

Tpo6 William Smith

Paragraph 2: This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height. The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals. This job gave Smith an opportunity to study the fresh rock outcrops created by the newly dug canal. He later worked on similar jobs across the length and breadth of England all the while studying the newly revealed strata and collecting all the fossils he could find．Smith used mail coaches to travel as much as 10000 miles per year．In 1815 he published the first modern geological map “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland”,  map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today．

3. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?
○ Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions．
○ Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented．
○ Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process．
○ Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata．
为啥选第二个啊 文章没说decreased的内容啊 不是说不能随便推断么
本段后半部分不就是说的第四个的意思么Canal builders找Surveyor来find。然后Smith也是干Surveyor这行的，通过studying the newly revealed strata来find。

Paragraph 5: Not only could Smith identify rock strata by the fossils they contained, he could also see a pattern emerging：certain fossils always appear in more ancient sediments while others begin to be seen as the strata become more recent. By following the fossils, Smith was able to put all the strata of England's earth into relative temporal sequence. About the same time, Georges Cuvier made the same discovery while studying the rocks around Paris. Soon it was realized that this principle of faunal (animal) succession was valid not only in England or France but virtually everywhere. It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna. Limestone may be found in the Cambrian or-300 million years later-in the Jurassic strata but a trilobite—the ubiquitous marine arthropod that had its birth in the Cambrian—will never be found in Jurassic strata, nor a dinosaur in the Cambrian.

10. The word “virtually” in the passage is closest in meaning to
○possibly
○absolutely
○surprisingly
○nearly
Virtually是事实上的意思 在but后面语气应该是较强烈的 为何不能选absolutely？

11. Select the TWO answer choices that are true statements based upon the discussion of the principle of faunal succession in paragraph 5. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
○It was a principle that applied to fauna but not to flora．
○It was discovered independently by two different geologists，
○It describes how fossils are distributed in rock strata
○It explains why plants and animals undergo transformations through time．
不明白为什么选第三个不选第四个 我觉的文章没有说how fossils are distributed啊
第四个plant和animal就是faunal不是都提及了么？为什么不能选啊？

感谢解答
伟大的战士 发表于 2009-12-18 13:09

3：
第2个选项的确是infer的。根据第一句中的before，at its height
第4个选项比较迷惑。要注意canal公司雇佣surveyor的目的。到原文中找：“The companies building the canals to transport coal needed surveyors to help them find the coal deposits worth mining as well as to determine the best courses for the canals.”。红字部分是原因。而后面提到的exposed/newly excavated rock strata是挖掘的后果，而不是雇佣surveyor的目的。

***********分割线************

10：
词汇题。
virtually

Function: adverb
Date: 15th century
1 : almost entirely : nearly
2 : for all practical purposes <virtually unknown>

引自http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/virtually

***********分割线************

11：
首先注意所有选项的it指代什么。不是指paragraph，而是指the principle of faunal succession。根据第一个选项也能看出来。
这样选项3就解决了（第一句冒号面的部分）。看最后一个，原文中说到植物的部分：“It was actually a principle of floral succession as well, because plants showed the same transformation through time as did fauna.”。这句解释了为何这个理论也适用于植物（因为他们转变过程相似），而没有解释为何动植物会转变。

jiang08UID：2391146

Tpo6 infantile amnesia
Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．0ne involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood．And this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.

5. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?
○Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions．
○Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told．
○Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones．
○Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions
文勇和saavedro版主的答案冲突了 到底该怎么选？


再次感谢 十分感谢
伟大的战士 发表于 2009-12-18 13:09

我选2。看看原文的关键句：
Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier。。。The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.
2中的 action对应原文的"motor activities"；see earlier和原文一致；hear or are told=explicit verbal descriptions
4中：原文没有提到伴随语言的motor activities会增加记忆。

其实我觉得难点在于 原文为何要提到when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions。我的理解是：关于脑垂体的理论解释了为什么很多成人能记住的儿时记忆是行动，而不是语言。

不知道说清楚了没有。

jiang08UID：2391146

谢谢jiang08版主 你说的太清楚了 我的tpo阅读错的总是不少呢 每做完一套都要重新安慰和鼓励自己半天才重新上路 词汇题明明背过的单词知道意思都活生生给选错了 不知版主大人看完我的几个问题后 觉得在下思路跑偏的原 ...
伟大的战士 发表于 2009-12-19 00:29

对于你阅读的问题 肯定是你自己最清楚啦  还是你自己去发掘 我只能说 看题的时候要更仔细一点 有好几个问题都是对题目中关键词的理解稍微有偏差

至于你说pace问题，我猜测你是不是做题的时候还要回去把那一段重新看一遍？这样自然就浪费时间了
阅读主要2个方法：
有人先扫一眼文章  然后仔细看题做
有人精读一遍 做题的时候就就尽量不回头看
看你习惯哪一种了 或者说哪一种更省时间
我是喜欢第二种 因为精读的时候对全文主旨也有比较好的了解
说到底还是看你习惯了
我的宗旨是：读一遍 就要读懂 记住

jiang08UID：2391146

TPO 9 REFLECTION IN TEACHING
这篇读的我发疯，题做的我快崩溃了……感觉难度突然提高了很多……

Paragraph 2: Wildman and Niles were particularly interested in investigating the conditions under which reflection might flourish-a subject on which there is little guidance in the literature. They designed an experimental strategy for a group of teachers in Virginia and worked with 40 practicing teachers over several years. They were concerned that many would be "drawn to these new, refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge. Reflection on a complex task such as teaching is not easy." The teachers were taken through a program of talking about teaching events, moving on to reflecting about specific issues in a supported, and later an independent, manner.
5. According to paragraph 2, Wildman and Niles worried that the teachers they were working with might feel that
○the number of teachers involved in their program was too large
○the concepts of teacher reflection were so abstract that they could not be applied
○the ideas involved in reflection were actually not new and refreshing
○several years would be needed to acquire the habit of reflecting on their teaching
这道题定位句很容易就能找到：They were concerned that many would be "drawn to these new, refreshing conceptions of teaching only to find that the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge. Reflection on a complex task such as teaching is not easy。但是有两个问题，第一定位句中的many指的是teacher吗？还是翻译成很多人？第二文章哪里表达出了so abstract that they could not be applied这层意思？

Paragraph 3: Wildman and Niles observed that systematic reflection on teaching required a sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner. They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being "utilitarian...and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection." Teachers rarely have the time or opportunities to view their own or the teaching of others in an objective manner. Further observation revealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate events rather than review the contributory factors in a considered manner by, in effect, standing outside the situation.
7. According to paragraph 3, what did the teachers working with Wildman and Niles often fail to do when they attempted to practice reflection?
○Correctly calculate the amount of time needed for reflection
○Provide sufficiently detailed descriptions of the methods they used to help them reflect
○Examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classrooms
○Establish realistic goals for themselves in practicing reflection
请楼主先帮忙翻译下这个题干吧.谢谢。再解释下，谢谢。

Paragraph 6: The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.
10. According to paragraph 6, teachers may be discouraged from reflecting because
○it is not generally supported by teacher educators
○the benefits of reflection may not be apparent immediately
○it is impossible to teach and reflect on one's teaching at the same time
○they have often failed in their attempts to become reflective practitioners
首先，想问下，题干中的 teachers may be discouraged 文章哪有对应，或哪有提及。然后就是B选项从何而来？谢谢
gexuming 发表于 2009-12-19 17:56

这篇难度的确比较大。讨论的题目本身就很抽象，要专心看才行。

Q5：
many指代的是 practicing teachers；“太抽象以至于不能被运用”的对应原文：“the void between the abstractions and the realities of teacher reflection is too great to bridge”。抽象理论和现实之间的差距太大，难以弥合。
Q7：
题干的意思：和W，N合作的教师经常在哪一个方面无法进行反思？ working with Wildman and Niles 是修饰teachers，后面的they是指teachers。题目的关键词：fail to do，practice reflection。回原文，其实这一段就是在说教师经常缺乏sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner，导致reflection的失败。主题句在第一句，后面都是展开。但是四个选项没有一个明白说到understand classroom events in an objective manner。因此找和这个短语意思接近的句子。定位在这一段最后一句：Further observation revealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate events rather than review the contributory factors in a considered manner by, in effect, standing outside the situation.句首的Further observation说明这是在展开说understand classroom events in an objective manner这个能力。这句的关键词：review the contributory factors 和standing outside the situation。这两个词组等同于：possible causes；in an objective manner。所以答案就清晰了。或者用排除法做也行，不写啦。（这题真的很绕。。。）
Q10：
对应may be discouraged 的词组：第一句“some of the difficulties ”。关于选项B：“More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation.”和后面一句的“vaguely defined goals ”

最后说一下，虽然这篇讨论的东西很抽象，文章的基本结构其实还是一样。每一段的主题句经常出现在开头（not always though），注意看开头和其他句子的关系，有利于了解文章主旨。另外paraphrase的能力很重要，很多题选项看似迷惑，其实抓住原文的关键句子paraphrase就很明了了。

jiang08UID：2391146

我的问题又来了 斑竹大人千万别烦我啊
Tpo5 MINERALS AND PLANTS
Paragraph6: Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals – an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.


11 It can be inferred from Paragraph6 that compared with standard practices for remediation of contaminated soils, phytoremediation
does not allow for the use of the removed minerals for industrial purposes.
can be faster to implement
is equally friendly to the environment
is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time.
我知道选项123都不对 但不明白4为什么对，原文说phytoremediation是cost much lower，时间上是several years，难道就是short period of time？这个太抽象了吧？several是多少，多少是short多少是long？貌似前面有题是因为many太抽象而排除，就是在线测试Electricity from Wind那篇的12题。Saavedro版主全解析版本，说第四选项一系列国家的名字不等于many country概念，因为many太虚，无法定义多少才是many。那用在此题岂不是一样？多少several才是short？呃，好纠结，阅读怎么总上不去啊，这么多问题，我什么毛病啊？版主大人救我！在下把Electricity from Wind那一题贴在下面，省的版主大人东奔西找了。
Paragraph 6: The technology is in place for a major expansion of wind power worldwide. Wind power is a virtually unlimited source of energy at favorable sites, and even excluding environmentally sensitive areas, the global potential of wind power is much higher than the current world electricity use. In theory, Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom could use wind to meet all of their energy needs. Wind power experts project that by the middle of the twenty-first century wind power could supply more than 10 percent of the world’s electricity and 10-25 percent of the electricity used in the United States.
12. Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the author’s opinion about wind energy?
○Wind energy production should be limited to large wind farms.
○The advantages of wind energy outweigh the disadvantages.
○The technology to make wind energy safe and efficient will not be ready until the middle of the twenty-first century.
○Wind energy will eventually supply many countries with most of their electricity.
伟大的战士 发表于 2009-12-19 23:09

再读一下第四个选项：“is less suitable for soils that need to be used within a short period of time.”不适合短期需要清理的土壤。为什么？因为原文说需要several years种树什么的。所以several years不代表这是short period of time，actually正好相反。至于你说的长短，是相对的，这里相对的两个概念就是standard practices for remediation 和phytoremediation
（题干已说明）。这两者比较，种树（几年）就是long time，传统的方式就是short time。

联系你说的wind power那一篇。我认为不是many的问题，当然，many也可能是部分原因。我的看法是：选项4的eventually不代表作者的观点（注意题干the author’s opinion）。因为看原文，有两句话提到风力可以大范围供电：In theory, Argentina, Canada, Chile, China, Russia, and the United Kingdom could use wind to meet all of their energy needs. Wind power experts project that by the middle of the twenty-first century wind power could supply more than 10 percent of the world’s electricity and 10-25 percent of the electricity used in the United States.注意红字部分，都说明作者本人没有明确同意风力就能给很多地区供电。

阅读题想的多是好事，其实ibt阅读现在有些像逻辑题了。