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[资料分享] 0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三期——冠词、数词 [复制链接]

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发表于 2009-12-13 21:55:52 |显示全部楼层
小灵易碎的学习笔记

⑥用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前。例如:     
the Yellow River 黄河the Black sea 黑海     
the West Lake 西湖 the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山     
the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Indian Ocean印度洋     


注意.   “the+姓氏复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数。 例如:     
The Greens are watching TV at the moment. 格林一家人现在正在看电视。     
The Whites do their cooking at home only at the weekend. 怀特夫妇仅在周末才在家做饭。      
  

⑨用在乐器前面。例如:     
the piano 钢琴   the violin 小提琴     

(12)用在表示方向的名词前。例如:     
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西部     
in the northeast of China 在中国的东北部 in the south 在南方     

(14)the常用于一些固定搭配中。例如:     
in the morning 在早上(上午) in the early morning 一大清早     
in the evening 在晚上 in the beginning 在开头(端)     
in the afternoon 在下午 by the way 顺便问     
in the end 最后,终于 the next day 第二天     
at the end of 在……快结尾的时候 the day after tomorrow 后天     
at the age of 在……岁的时候 in the front of 在……(内部)的前面     
the day before yesterday 前天 on the right(left)在右(左)边

1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如,Class Two,Tian’an Men Square,water

2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正);my the book(误)

7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。例如:No.25 Middle School

8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

(2)名词词组:day and night日日夜夜;brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻;here and there到处
(3)介词词组:in surprise;on foot;on duty;at work;on time;in class;on show;in bed等

六.用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里
go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边
on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上,在世上
in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面
take place发生/take the place(of)代替
at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁
by sea乘船/by the sea在海边
in future从今以后,将来/in the future未来
go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上
two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)
out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的,办不到的
next year明年/the next year 第二年
a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)



数词

一.基数词

基数词相当于名词,在句中可做主语、表语、定语、状语等。如:
Three of my classmates are from Shanghai.
I am twenty this year.
They have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon.

二.序数词

1)序数词的构成:
★大多数的序数词是由基数词加-th构成。如:seven—seventh;ten—tenth
★以-t结尾的基数词只在词尾加-h。如:eight—eighth
★以-ve结尾的基数词改-ve为f再加-th。如:five—fifth;twelve—twelfth
★以-y结尾的基数词改-y为-ie再加-th。如:twenty—twentieth,thirty—thirtieth
★几十几的序数词只在个位数体现。如:twenty-one—twenty-first;thirty-three—thirty-third
★特殊的序数词:
one—first;two—second;three—third; nine—ninth

5)序数词前加冠词“a”表示“再一次”。如:Can I try a second time?
6)在hundred,thousand,million,billion前有数词时为实数意义,它们的词尾不能加复数。前无数词时为虚数意义,hundred,thousand,million,billion可加复数,并可和of连用,构成短语。如:five hundred students;millions of people

四.分数的构成

分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s,如:
1/5:one fifth
2/3:two thirds
2-:two and three quarters

五.小数的表示法

0.09:point zero nine
2.7:two point seven

六.百分数的表达法

90%:ninety percent
0.5%:point five percent

七.倍数表达法

表示两倍时用twice,表示三倍以上的倍数时用times。如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
This desk is twice as large as that one.

八.算式表达法:

5+6:five plus six(or five and six)
7-6:seven minus six
2×3:two multiplied by three(or two times three)
8/4:eight divided by four



2)如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数+of-词组”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of-词组中名词或代词的单、复数形式:如果of-词组中名词或代词是单数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果of-词组中名词或代词是复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。如:
Two thirds of the earth is covered with water.
Two thirds of the people present are against the plan.

3)如果主语是many a,more than one+单数名词构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:
Many a student in this class has hoped a long break.

4)a+单数名词+or two做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。one or two+复数名词,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
A word or two is missed in the sentence.
One or two words are missed in the sentence.

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