进军美利坚tpo阅读疑难解答帖

zhaohanUID：2595904

TPO 6 婴幼儿健忘症的两个问题~~谢谢大家~~~O(∩_∩)O

Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．0ne involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain continues throughout early childhood．And this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be retrieved later. Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions.
5. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?
○Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions．
○Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told．
○Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones．
○Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by explicit verbal descriptions
答案是2， 我选的是1。。。

A third likely explanation for infantile amnesia involves incompatibilities between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults retrieve it.（14） Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to retrieve it. The better able the person is to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful. （9）

14. There are several possible explanations why people cannot easily remember their early childhoods．
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●
●
   Answer Choices
1.Preschoolers typically do not recall events from their first year.
2.Frontal lobe function of the brain may need to develop before memory retrieval can occur.
3.Children recall physical activities more easily if they are verbalized．
4. The opportunity to hear chronologically narrated stories may help three-year-old children produce long-lasting memories．
5.The content of a memory determines the way in which it is encoded           
6.The contrasting ways in which young children and adults process information may determine their relative success in remembering．
这个的答案是246， 不过我选的是256， 我觉的4 是细节啊。。而且5 的话上面一段的最后一句话是这个意思吧。。。

zhaohanUID：2595904

问一道题~在线测试题， 关于植物的那篇
Paragraph 4：Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger than they need be, their stems are hollow, and all the rigidity comes from their water content. Thus, a minimum investment has been made in the body that becomes a platform for seed dispersal. These very short-lived plants reproduce prolifically; that is to say they provide a constant rain of seed in the neighborhood of parent plants. A new plant will spring up wherever a seed falls on a suitable soil surface, but because they do not build big bodies, they cannot compete with other plants for space, water, or sunlight. These plants are termed opportunists because they rely on their seeds’ falling into settings where competing plants have been removed by natural processes, such as along an eroding riverbank, on landslips, or where a tree falls and creates a gap in the forest canopy.

6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
○Because their seeds grow in places where competing plants are no longer present, dandelions are classified as opportunists.
○Dandelions are called opportunists because they contribute to the natural processes of erosion and the creation of gaps in the forest canopy.
○The term opportunists apply to plants whose seeds fall in places where they can compete with the seeds of other plants.
○The term opportunists apply to plants whose falling seeds are removed by natural processes.
这个题我选的是3, 因为我觉得句子中并没有提到dandelions的问题啊。。

zhaohanUID：2595904

TPO 4 一篇~~~欧洲雕刻艺术那篇~~O(∩_∩)O哈哈

Paragraph 3：The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art. Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals. Cave art seems to have reached a peak toward the end of the Upper Paleolithic period, when the herds of game were decreasing.


7．According to paragraph 3, scholars explained chips in the painted figures of animals by proposing that
○Upper Paleolithic artists used marks to record the animals they had seen
○the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals for hunting
○the artists had removed rough spots on the cave walls
○Upper Paleolithic people used the paintings to increase their luck at hunting
这个题我不知道2 和 4 中间应该选哪个。。。答案是4 我选了 2.。。谢谢~~

反衬UID：2328867

TPO 6 婴幼儿健忘症的两个问题~~谢谢大家~~~O(∩_∩)O

Paragraph 3: Three other explanations seem more promising．0ne involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes  ...
zhaohan 发表于 2010-9-9 17:15

解答：这道题考的是文章中的对比逻辑。定位句： Demonstrations of infants’ and toddlers' long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier，此句提到long-term memory，但是答案在下一句：The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories，but not ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions. 大脑的发育支持一种memory，而不支持另外一种。所以极为容易误选A。A的错误在于把对比对象搞错了。原文的对比是 motor activities that they had seen or done earlier VS ones requiring explicit verbal descriptions，所以应该是感官上的对比，而不是activities与verbal对比。所以选B。重要提示：不要看到原文没有比较关系词而选项有比较关系就把选项排除。托福越来越多这种关系的抽象概括题。答案当中的字眼都是原文没有直接提到的

反衬UID：2328867

TPO 4 一篇~~~欧洲雕刻艺术那篇~~O(∩_∩)O哈哈

Paragraph 3：The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps,  ...
zhaohan 发表于 2010-9-9 17:16

首先要紧扣题目，题目问的是chips。定位句是This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. 这句话开头明显有对上文的指代，所以答案在上文：Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. 答案就是第四个了。

第二个很明显在转折以后才出现，But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. 已经与chips无关了。

提醒：不要因为一个选项在原文出现过就对它纠结。要根据题目的指示和原文的提示去判断这个细节的功能。

反衬UID：2328867

问一道题~在线测试题， 关于植物的那篇
Paragraph 4：Dandelions are good examples of opportunists. Their seed heads raised just high enough above the ground to catch the wind, the plants are no bigger t ...
zhaohan 发表于 2010-9-9 17:16

句子开头是these啊，明显对上文指代。你当然要找出上文these plants指什么啊。 明显整段都是在讲D

wyx20082008UID：2885518

求解OG上一道题，谢谢

Paragraph 6: Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response -- as long as the lip is not quivering颤抖 with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.

11. According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may have which of the following effects?
○It first suppresses stress, then intensifies it.
○It may cause fear and tension in those who see it.
○It can damage the lip muscles.
○It may either heighten or reduce emotional response.
这道题我选A了，正确选项是D。OG里的解释就是根据这一段说的。但是我没看懂。文中不是说有supress emotion，如果再stiffen就会strengthen emotion么。
感谢版主花费时间帮忙讲题，尤其是感谢给我这种OG还没做明白的人讲。。。

反衬UID：2328867

Paragraph 6: Ekman’s observation may be relevant to the British expression “keep a stiff upper lip” as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response -- as long as the lip is not quivering颤抖 with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.
[
11. According to the passage, stiffening the upper lip may have which of the following effects?1 C) c( R! ~4 h6 V6 ~, K) y7 y! E
○It first suppresses stress, then intensifies it.
○It may cause fear and tension in those who see it.
○It can damage the lip muscles.
○It may either heighten or reduce emotional response.8 o& c" y0 f4 [. m& T
这道题我选A了，正确选项是D。OG里的解释就是根据这一段说的。但是我没看懂。文中不是说有supress emotion，如果再stiffen就会strengthen emotion么。% s1 A: N3 k" N
感谢版主花费时间帮忙讲题，尤其是感谢给我这种OG还没做明白的人讲。。。
wyx20082008 发表于 2010-9-9 18:57

原文定位句： It might be that a “stiff” lip suppresses emotional response ...... But when ......, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.

看出来了，是两种可能性的转折关系。

A选项不是两种可能性的转折，而是first....then的先后关系。
只有D对应2种可能性。

wyx20082008UID：2885518

488# 反衬
明白了，多谢指教！

wenhuikingUID：2494657

TPO7  The Geologic History of the Mediterranean
With question such as these clearly before them, the scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger processed to the Mediterranean to search for the answers. On August 23, 1970, they recovered a sample. The sample consisted of pebbles of gypsum and fragments of volcanic rock. Not a single pebble was found that might have indicated that the pebbles came from the nearby continent. In the days following, samples of solid gypsum were repeatedly brought on deck as drilling operations penetrated the seafloor. Furthermore, the gypsum was found to possess peculiarities of composition and structure that suggested it had formed on desert flats. Sediment above and below the gypsum layer contained tiny marine fossils, indicating open-ocean conditions. As they drilled into the central and deepest part of the Mediterranean basin, the scientists took solid, shiny, crystalline salt from the core barrel. Interbedded with the salt were thin layers of what appeared to be windblown silt.

3．What does the author imply by saying “Not a single pebble was found that might have indicated that the pebbles came from the nearby continent”?
 The most obvious explanation for the origin of the pebbles was not supported by the evidence.
 The geologists did not find as many pebbles as they expected.
 The geologists were looking for a particular kind of pebble.
 The different pebbles could not have come from only one source.

4．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the solid gypsum layer?
 It did not contain any marine fossil.
 It had formed in open-ocean conditions.
 It had once been soft, deep-sea mud.
 It contained sediment from nearby deserts.

wenhuikingUID：2494657

这两个题都不太理解，
第三题那个“”的句子文勇里翻译成：周围没有鹅卵
石被发现，这可能说明这些小石头不来自附近的大陆。
是不是错了，是来自还是不来自附近的大陆。求解！！

aries_jamieUID：2567438

TPO3 第三篇 The long-term stability of ecosystems

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

The process of succession and the stability of a climax community can change over time.
●
●
●

Answer choices
○The changes that occur in an ecosystem from the pioneer to the climax community can be seen in one human generation.
○A high degree of species diversity does not always result in a stable ecosystem.
○The level of resilience in a plant community contributes to its long-term stability.
○Ecologists agree that climax communities are the most stable types of ecosystems.
○Disagreements over the meaning of the term “stability” make it difficult to identify the most stable ecosystems.
○The resilience of climax communities makes them resistant to destruction caused by humans.


我选的是126，答案是235。

说一下我当时的解题思路，我把题干分成了三块儿，the process of succession 和the stability of a climax conmmunity 这两块儿是两个主语，change是第三块儿。然后我就在选项中说了涉及到两个主语的并且是表达了change意思的。 看了答案之后，自己又分析了下，能解决前面的4个，但是依旧不明白5为什么对，6为什么错，求解答。

对于阅读中的最后一题，我总是出现错误，是不是解题方法不对啊？我现在做最后一题是先看题干，抽出当中的关键词，然后在选项里找对应，偶尔会用一些排除法。做完了觉得挺对的，可是一看答案就傻眼了。。。求帮助啊！谢谢啊！

aries_jamieUID：2567438

在线测试题 Electricity from Wind

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
In the future, wind power is likely to become a major source of the world’s energy supply.




Answer Choices
○Wind farms have already produced sufficient amounts of electricity to suggest that wind power could become an important source of electric power.
○Wind power has several advantages, such as low pollution and projected cost declines, compared to other energy sources.
        ○Responding to environmentalists concerned about birds killed by wind turbines, analysts point to other human developments that are even more dangerous to birds.
○The wind energy produced by just a small number of states could supply all of the power needs of the United States.
○Although wind power is not economical in areas with steady winds, alternative wind sources can be used to simulate wind power.
○Smaller countries, which use less electricity than large countries, are especially suited to use wind power to meet all their energy needs.


我选的是124，答案是123


先说说我的想法，我觉得3过于细节了，而且看着何题干没有什么关系。 对于4，我觉得是原文PARA.1的最后一句话的改写。不知道问题出在了哪里。求解答！谢谢！

aries_jamieUID：2567438

TPO4 第一篇 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound

14．Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.


Deer in the Puget Sound area eat a wide variety of foods and migrate seasonally food
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●
●
Answer Choices
○ The balance of deer species in the Puget Sound region has changed over time, with the Columbian white-tailed deer now outnumbering other types of deer.
○ Deer populations naturally fluctuate, but early settlers in the Puget Sound environment caused an overall decline in the deer populations of the areas at that time.
○ In the long term, black-tailed deer in the Puget Sound area have benefitted from human activities through the elimination of their natural predators, and more and better food in deforested areas.
○ Because Puget Sound deer migrate, it was and still remains difficult to determine accurately how many deers are living at any one time the western United States.
○ Although it was believed that human settlement of American West would cause the total number of deer to decrease permanently, the opposite has occurred for certain types of deer.
○ Wildlife biologists have long been concerned that the loss of forests may create nutritional deficiencies for deer.


我选的是346，答案是235

我的想法：选项中只要是涉及到Deer eat a wide variety of foods或者Deer migrate seasonally food的就选择。看了答案以后就懵了，不明白为什么3和5是对的，4和6是错的。针对这个类型的题有点不知道该怎么办了。求解答、求帮助！谢谢！

zhaohanUID：2595904

这个也是在线测试题~是关于风力发电的那篇的~
Paragraph 1: Since 1980, the use of wind to produce electricity has been growing rapidly. █In 1994 there were nearly 20,000 wind turbines worldwide, most grouped in clusters called wind farms that collectively produced 3,000 megawatts of electricity. █Most were in Denmark (which got 3 percent of its electricity from wind turbines) and California (where 17,000 machines produced 1 percent of the state’s electricity, enough to meet the residential needs of a city as large as San Francisco). █In principle, all the power needs of the United States could be provided by exploiting the wind potential of just three states—North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas. █

13. Look at the four squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Some companies in the power industry are aware of this wider possibility and are planning sizable wind-farm projects in states other than California.
Where would the sentence best fit?
我觉得答案应该是 3， 但是正确答案是 4。。。