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issue137 (成都机经,一两句建议也好,回拍!)
173"Originality does not mean thinking something that was never thought before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways."
1在自然科学领域,创新多为用新方法重组老观点
2在艺术文学领域,创新多为独立的思考。
3在社会科学中,创新是二者的结合。
By thinking independently, we get novel ideas that have never emerged before; by rearranging creatively, we get fresh perspective of old ideas. In effect, both constructive imagination and active reorganization are essential elements of originality and play distinct roles in different fields.
In the field of natural science, almost every invention and discovery is based on previous contributions. That is, any creation in natural science depends largely on putting old ideas together in new ways. On one hand, due to the nature of continuous scientific development, every significant creation act as a foundation for later ones in its own realm. In fact, one can hardly develop a completely new theory without referring to former achievements, which have composed one’s basic knowledge and have impact on their further studies more or less. On the other hand, scientific studies are closely related with experiments, which provide chances for numerous novel trials. Actually, each attempt to rearrange the whole process, change original research methods or add other tools into experiment is the inception of originality. Thus, although rare cases arising from fully independent thinking such as emerging interdisciplinary subject do exist, originality in natural science primarily attributes to viewing old opinions form a different angle.
找不出来什么可P的……
On the contrary, originality in art owes much to constructive imagination. Paintings, music and literature, though associated with former works to some extent, they could still develop independently. Since creative inspiration of arts always derives from individual's mental experiences or sudden intuition inside the spiritual world, they seldom built themselves on previous framework. Conversely, being confined to existent styles will ruin the essence of art. No wonder why Cubism and Impressionism emerged one after the other at the 20th century, which have little relationship with prevailing trends in the past, even opposed to those patterns. Likewise, Mark Twin create a new way of writing by exercising dialects, contradictory to mainstream formal pattern; and appearance of diverse musical styles such as Jazz and Rock always form entirely new realms. Hence, originality is more subjective in arts than in objective science and requires lots of talented imagination.
Nevertheless, the boundary of constructive imagination and active rearrangement are not so clear sometimes regardless of their forgoing distinct roles. Especially in social science, each process of creation is more likely to propose novel ideas while conserve certain old viewpoints. Typical is the recent evolution of macroeconomics, while most economists bolster the main framework and fundamental ideas of Keynes' theory, they constantly revise and supplement his theories and developed into two parts---the Cambridge school and the new classical synthesis. In their studies, neither of them has deviate from Keynesian frame, but the two have rearranged the Keynesian theory by completing it with respective original views. In this region, originality ascribes much to the combination of putting old ideas in new ways and thinking independently.
Without putting previous views from fully fresh aspects, originality will not happen in natural science; without imaging creatively and instinctively, originality will loose its real meaning in arts; without combination of the two, social science will have difficulty advancing further. In reality, originality is the creature of both independent thinking and creative rearrangement.
我觉得无论是语言还是逻辑都很不错的啊,挑不出来什么可以P的……
如果非要挑刺的话,就是题目中说“thinking something that was never thought before”跟“thinking independently”好像还是有点差别吧,你觉得呢?似乎二者强调的重点不太一样。
其他的就只有找高手再帮你看看了,以我的水平确实觉得写得很好了:) |
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