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电梯直达

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发表于 2005-1-20 17:12:44 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

这个是在准备高口时自己总结的tips，希望对托福听力有所帮助。有word版下载。

How to distinguish Can and Can’t
Can do sth 的重音在do上， Can’t do sth的重音在Can’t 上。Can的a发成e的音。

Thirteen and Thirty
Thirteen的重音在teen，Thirty的重音在第一个音节。当发某一个元音为重音时，这个音发的比较长，比较重。否则，比较轻，短。通常没有发成重音的元音会发成e或i.

音节的重轻音会改变词的词性。当重音在第二个音节时，为动词。若在第一个音节，为名词或形容词。’permit n.  per’mit  v. ’perfect  adj. per’fect v

voiced and voiceless consonants  d—t b—p
辅音对元音发音长短的影响  eyes长， ice短

sound linking 连音  以辅音结尾的词碰到元音开始的词时，连
I’d like another bowl of rice.  k a  l o

重要!!!  08  H 在he，him，his，her中省略，剩下的元音与前面的词连读 Give her a book.
Tell him to ask her.  Where will he go?  Has he gone?  Must he go?  Can, should等auxiliary词同上。

09 four apples    two apples  中间有w音 three apples 中间有y（发i）音
当d, t 遇见y （i）Did you?? Would you? Should, could. Do it?
Can’t you? Didn’t you? Couldn’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t. It’s nice to meet you.

Pronounce identical or similar consonants in a row, those sounds are not pronounced.
Stop Peter.          It’s a big cake. “g” is not released.  I like goats.
I love France.    She is Susan. The garage should be cleaned.  Dad told me.

I ate hamburger. 我吃碎牛肉。

When an item is very familiar to the listener, or very frequently referred to, or the only one present at the time, we use the article “ the”.

Content words are stressed.  n, main verbs, adj, adv, that this, these, those, who when how which where, what
Function words are not stressed. articles: a, the; possessive adj: his, her, mine;  prep: in, on, of; conjunctions: and, but;  personal pronouns: I, he, she;  the be verbs: is, am are, was auxiliaries: do, does, did
Andrew brushes his teeth. “his” should be unstressed
Andrew brushes her teeth  “her” stressed
Stress the important words if you want the listener to know the information you wanna stress.

长句的pause: My mother  listens to the radio  in the evening.
Pauses come between thought groups, groups of words that express one thought.
短句的pause：
What time do you come in  in the morning?
Look your papers over over the weekends.

When to use pauses before adj clauses
My sister who lives in NY, is a doctor.  more than one sister
My sister, who lives in NY, is a doctor.  only one sister, she is a doctor and she is in NY

Intonation of questions  语调
1. Yes-no questions    rising
Do you like Taiwan?
2. “wh” questions  who, what, where, when, why, which, how falling
Where do you live? What time is it?
3. Choice questions rising for every choice except the last choice which is falling
Would you like juice, tea, or coffee?

Intonation of tag questions 附加问句
如果问句是事实，或要求对方同意自己的看法，用降调
She is beautiful, isn’t she?
完全不知道事实或答案，ask for information时，用升调
She is beautiful, isn’t she?

助动词的强调，尤其在强调句中
He’s done his homework. He has done his homework.
Emphatic sentences are usually used after someone has expressed the opposite meaning.
Maybe he doesn’t know how to drive.  On the contrary, he does know how to drive.
! Don’t use emphatic sentences unless you have a reason. Or other people will think “Why is that so important?”

--Did you eat dinner?    --No, I didn’t. --You didn’t eat dinner? --That’s correct.

“t” is pronounced“d” if it comes between two voiced sounds或者比较快时。
15 voiced consonant sounds  b d g m n z l r u 等  还有元音
matter  What’s the matter?
atom The first atom was dropped in
twenty That’ll be twenty dollars, please.
little He gotta a little angry.
city Did you grow up in the city or the country?
butter Pass the butter, please.

当说的很慢或者要强调时t发轻音。 Also if it comes before a stressed vowel as in “return”.

Infinitive: to do sth gerent: doing sth
有9个动词接两者皆可且意义不变：begin, start, continue, like, love, hate, prefer, can’t stand, can’t bear

5个动词接两者皆可但意义改变： remember, forget, regret, try, stop

forget doing sth 都是用否定形式  never/ won’t forget doing sth = remember doing sth

regret to do sth do 必须是表示“tell”的词  tell, inform, announce, report

try to do sth to make an effort to do it
try doing sth to experiment with a new or different approach to see if it works
I’m trying to learn Chinese. I tried to open the window.
I tried opening the window. Meaning: I did open the window. And I opened it for a reason. It’s hot. I tried turning on the fan.  I tried taking off my clothes. I experimented with many things to see which one worked.

make, have, get, let sb to do sth 语气程度不同 I * him to carry my luggage.
make 长辈要求，或用武力，有力量去要求  insist, no choice, using force
have  有关系，平辈，不是很重要的事情  He did it just because I asked.
get 利用种种方法（哭，钱）等  I managed to persuade him to do it.
let  He wanted to carry. He asked if he could help. I gave my permission to let him carry it. = allow, permit

expressing ability in the past
can, could       be able to
否定句中两者无差别。
肯定句中，could usually means used to be able to. The use of could usually indicate the ability existed in the past, but not now.
When I was young, I could run fast.
If the speaker is talking about an ability to do sth at one particular time in the past, “was/ were able to” can be used in affirmative sentences;  “could” can not.

I have been looking for a CD for a long time. I was not able / couldn’t find it. But yesterday I was able to find it. Yesterday I managed to find it.

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因为我有希望，
人有了希望就可以安然而平淡地生活下去，
一千年，
一万年，
笑对时光的亡失和生死的渐变。