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题目
The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.
第一段
The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA.
作者没有一上来提示图表内容,而是直接奔向中心思想,也就是文章的主旨句。
increase in sth 注意名词increase后面常用到的介词in
It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all three countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040.
对文章中心句的进一步解释说明,即具体说明increase
句子主干为 The percentage is expected to increase to sth, be expected to do表示对未来的一种预测,increase to 25%中的to为prep
第二段
In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US.
说明起点,主干为the proportion stood at , stand at+数值,相当于is+数值
people aged 65 or more,其中aged 65 or more为后置定语,aged [adj], 如a man aged between 25 and 35
However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time.
说明了从起点到临界点之前三个地区的数据变化情况,
表示数据变化的表达是 the figures grow to, the figures dip to, the figure rise to这样三个句子,通过while [conj], 将西方国家和日本对照来说,接着通过before [prep]将日本的两段变化情形描述出来,
表示时间的部分 in around 1990, for much of this period, at the present time
第三段
In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next two decades in the three countries.
总体说明了临界点后的趋势变化,注意时态为将来时,the proportion will continue to do sth
In spite of some fluctuation 一个简单的让步从句,就把一些不作具体描述的波动一带而过,这点在描述线图当中必须掌握,记住“忽视细微变化”
A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the three countries.
这句话其实是两句截然不同的两层意思,第一层是日本2030到2040上涨幅度巨大,第二层意思是三个国家终点相似,通过一个简单的时间关联 by which time (2040) 把两个简单句连接成一个复杂句,这种技巧尤其是在线图和流程图中体现得特别明显,因为两种都是以时间为发展趋势,涉及到很多琐碎的变化,通过时间关联成分,如by which time, until, during the same period,when使句型复杂化,这点需要不断学习掌握。
be predicted/ be supposed/ be expected 这些常用来表示推测的将来趋势
词汇句型积累
线图主要描述随着时间的某种的变化,所以其核心的两个表达内容就是时间表达和变化表达
时间表达
By the year 2040, in 1940, in around 1990, for much of this period, at the present time, in the next two decades, between 2030 and 2040, by which time
变化表达
The increase in sth, be expected to increase to sth, The figure stood at sth, grow to sth, dip to sth, rise to sth, a more dramatic rise |
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