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发表于 2009-12-3 17:14:47 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览
28The following is a memo from the superintendent of the Mylar school district.
"A recent six-month study, in which breakfast was made available at school for 100 schoolchildren ages five to twelve, found that children on the breakfast plan were less likely than other children to be absent from or late for school. Clearly, eating breakfast before school plays a role in reducing student absenteeism and tardiness. It is also well known that children who regularly eat a healthful breakfast tend to perform better in school. Therefore, in order to reduce absenteeism and tardiness and to improve academic performance in all of Mylar's elementary and secondary schools, we should provide breakfasts for all students before each school day."



The superintendent proposed that all Mylar's elementary and secondary schools should provide breakfasts for all students based on a relevant study and people's common sense. This seemly well-presented argument, however, are flawed by an unreliable study and unwarranted assumption.
Firstly, the six-month study is unreliable due to blurred statistics, incomplete information and limited subjects. The conclusion from the study is that children had breakfast at school were less likely to be absent or late. There is no statistic provided to clarify the term "less likely", which can be insignificant discrepancy in a quantitative study. What's more, the study did not present reasons leading to absent or being late. Those children who are late for school might have other reasons like traffic jam and getting-up late rather than not having breakfasts in schools. Last but not the least, subjects of the study is 100 schoolchildren age five to twelve. The proposal, however, are about all Mylar's elementary and secondary schoolchildren. Without a total number of the schoolchildren population, we cannot guarantee the quantity of samples is enough. Not only limited, the subjects are not representative enough. Ages of elementary and secondary students can have a wider ranger rather than five to twelve. In fact, common sense is that secondary school students ages from ten to sixteen. Therefore, the study is problematic and cannot be cited as evidence to support the proposal.
An unwarranted assumption provided by the superintendent is that eating a regular healthful breakfast, which is has a wide recognized reputation of improving academic performance has to be provided by schools. A regular healthful breakfast, according to our experiences, is more likely to be provided by loving parents rather than school cooks who have to cater a whole school. Even we assume that a school can provide a health and regular breakfast for every schoolchildren the superintendent's argument did not suggest any specific plans of making healthy breakfast.

Finally, the superintendent failed to consider alternative ways to reduce absenteeism and tardiness and to improve academic performance. While absenteeism and tardiness is well connected to students attitudes towards school and learning, it might be more effective to investigate what causes their lost of interests and passion in learning. Academic performance is affected by more influential factors like teaching quality and parental involvement rather than having a regular healthful breakfast.

In summary, the proposal to provide breakfasts for all students is ill grounded. A detailed investigation of reasons behind absenteeism and substantial study embracing sufficient representative subjects could constitute a more convincing proposal.

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发表于 2009-12-3 21:39:17 |只看该作者
没人帮忙吗。。

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