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tesolchina
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发表于 2015-1-2 23:46:48 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

这里做一个范文的动作分析示范，请有兴趣的同学跟帖尝试
所谓动作分析就是将写作看做某种舞台表演或舞蹈，每句话都在做一个动作。写GRE作文，尤其是argument有很多是规定动作，把这些动作做对了，就能拿较好的分数。

The following is a memorandum from the business manager of a television station.
"Over the past year, our late-night news program has devoted increased time to national news and less time to weather and local news. During this period, most of the complaints received from viewers were concerned with our station's coverage of weather and local news. In addition, local businesses that used to advertise during our late-night news program have canceled their advertising contracts with us. Therefore, in order to attract more viewers to our news programs and to avoid losing any further advertising revenues, we should expand our coverage of weather and local news on all our news programs."
Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

1 According to the business manager, in order to boost the number of viewers and increase advertising revenue, the station should increase the coverage of weather and local news. 2 A number of assumptions have been made in this argument which we need to examine critically to decide if the argument is valid.

1 概括原题中的主要结论
2 指出需要检查假设从而评价论证

1 To begin with, it is assumed that local businesses cancel their advertising because of the reduction of time for weather and local news. 2 There are many other possible reasons why they have done so.  3 Maybe the overall economy is in recession and the businesses has to reduce their expenses by cancelling the advertising. 4 Or maybe they are not happy with the design of the advertising or find the advertising rather ineffective. 5 If this is the case, the quality of the advertising has to be improved to address the problem.  6 In other words, if the assumption does not hold true, expanding the relevant sections would not help increase the advertising revenue.

1 提出其中一个假设是某种归因
2 指出有其他可能的原因
3 指出其中一种可能性
4 指出另一种可能性
5 指出如果是以上的可能性就需要做什么
6 指出如果假设不成立提出的建议也没有帮助

后面几个留给同学们试试
做完动作分析之后

可以尝试对范文句子做同意转换或者说用自己的话来完成规定动作
还可以做的是另选一题来按这个动作模式写习作

Another assumption is that the complaints about local news and weather are necessarily about the relatively short coverage of these topics.  Maybe the viewers are unhappy about the inaccuracy of the weather forecast on certain days and complain about it. Or perhaps the viewers do not like the reporting style of the anchors for local news. In fact, the complaints can be filed against many different aspects of the local news or weather reports and have nothing to do with the duration.  If the assumption about the complaints is incorrect, the argument would not be very strong.

The final assumption made in this argument is about the reason why the station has lost viewers.  It is implicitly assumed that viewers are lost because of the reductio in local news and weather coverage. But there could be other reasons why the viewers stop watching the programs from the station. Maybe the quality of national news from the station is not very good or other sources of national news from the Internet are more informative or comprehensive. Even if the viewers are interested in national news, they may follow national news via other means. Again if the station lost viewers for reasons other than local news or weather, the proposed change would not make a difference.

In conclusion, more information needs to be gathered to examine the assumptions discussed above in order to evaluate the validity of the argument.

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沙发

发表于 2015-1-3 00:32:30 |只看该作者

本帖最后由 tesolchina 于 2015-1-3 09:12 编辑

1 Another assumption is that the complaints about local news and weather are necessarily about the relatively short coverage of these topics.
2 Maybe the viewers are unhappy about the inaccuracy of the weather forecast on certain days and complain about it.
3 Or perhaps the viewers do not like the reporting style of the anchors for local news.
4 In fact, the complaints can be filed against many different aspects of the local news or weather reports and have nothing to do with the duration.
5 If the assumption about the complaints is incorrect, the argument would not be very strong.

1提出某个假设，即事件发生只有一个原因。
2提出其他可能的原因
3提出另外一个可能的原因。
4总结，其实还有很多其他原因。
5说明如果假设不成立，那么观点也不成立。

1 The final assumption made in this argument is about the reason why the station has lost viewers.

2 It is implicitly assumed that viewers are lost because of the reductio in local news and weather coverage.

3 But there could be other reasons why the viewers stop watching the programs from the station.

4 Maybe the quality of national news from the station is not very good or other sources of national news from the Internet are more informative or comprehensive.

5 Even if the viewers are interested in national news, they may follow national news via other means.

6 Again if the station lost viewers for reasons other than local news or weather, the proposed change would not make a difference.

1 指出另一个假设是关于什么
2 提出没有明说的假设具体是什么（在于时间缩短）。
3 说明其实还有其他原因
4 列举一个其他可能原因。
5 对上一个原因的递进，提出另一个其他可能的结果。
6 如果并非论者所述的那个原因，那么措施也就无效。

你还可以试下分析你自己写的argument的某个段落看看有什么不同然后体会一下

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板凳

发表于 2015-1-3 23:03:58 |只看该作者

The argument supposes that if the station expands their coverage of weather and local news on all our news programs, this will attract more viewers and avoid losing further advertising revenues, because most complaints were about this adjustment in program time and the number of advertisement contracts has declined.

However, there are some unstated assumptions before reaching the conclusion in this ratiocination progress so that we had better reexamine them to get a more sensible suggestion.

1、复述原文内容
2、提出有很多未说明的假设

修改：
The argument supposes that the station should increase the coverage of weather and local news on all their news program in order to attract more viewers and avoid losing further advertisement revenues.
A lot of unstated assumptions have been made in this argument which we need to reexamine critically so that we can decide whether the argument is valid.


Firstly, the arguer told us that over the last year, most of the complaints received from viewers were concerned with the station's coverage of weather and local news.
In this aspect, there are two unstated assumptions.
To begin with, the arguer presumes that all these received complaints were about the lowered time of the weather and local news rather than about the low quality of them.
That means the arguer should supply more information about what the viewers have complaint about on earth.
If the audience were complaining about the bad quality of the programs of weather and local news, then expanding the original time of these programs still cannot attract more viewers and in this way will the argument be weakened.
1、复述原文论点
2、说明有两个假设
3、第一个假设为抱怨的具体内容是关于时间缩短的，而不是其他
4、说明作者应该提供更多关于抱怨具体内容的
5、提出抱怨的内容可能是关于节目质量
6、说明，如果是关于节目质量，那么增加报道的数量就不会吸引更多观众

修改：
Firstly, the arguer assumed that all complaints from the viewers were about the shortened program time of weather and local news.
However, maybe these viewers were unhappy about the inaccuracy of the weather forecast on so many days.
Or they just disliked the style of the anchor of local news.
So, it is obvious that the received complaints could be made against so many other aspects which had nothing to do with the lowered time of weather and local news.
In this way will the assumption be questionable, and the suggestion will be weakened.

Secondly, the arguer told us that during this time, local business that used to advertise in the late-night news program have canceled their advertising contracts with us.
Here, the unstated assumption is that the only reason why these local businesses canceled the advertising contracts is the shortened time devoted to weather and local news.
However, in fact, so many other factors can lead to the same result.
For example, the economic situation in this city was not as good as before, so these corporations could not spare so many budgets for advertising as before. So they began to cancel some contracts with these TV or radio stations.
Or these corporations turned to other new products whose main customers are the old. Obviously, the old prefer to go to bed early, so these businesses canceled the advertisement in the late night and used these funds to organize other activities in the daytime.
No matter which of the two has happened in fact, canceling advertising contracts has nothing to do with the time devoted to weather and local news whether longer or shorter.
If so, the argument that the author wanted to prevent losing advertising contracts by restoring the program time will be weakened.

1、复述原文提出的证据
2、说明假设是将时间缩短作为唯一原因
3、其实还有其他原因还能导致同样取消的结果
4、列举其中一个可能原因
5、列举另外一个原因
6、说明上两个可能原因均于时间缩短无关
7、如果这样，那么增加时间就没有效果

修改：
Secondly, another unstated assumption is that these local businesses canceled the advertising contracts just because the program time devoted to weather and local news was reduced.
However, in fact, so many other factors can lead to the same result.
For example, the economic situation in this city was not as good as before, so these corporations could not spare so many budgets for advertising. Consequently, they began to cancel some contracts with these TV or radio stations.
Or these corporations found advertising on TV was not effective and turned to radio station.
If so, only improving the quality of advertisements will make sense.
In a result, if the assumption does not holds true, expanding the coverage of weather and local news will not prevent losing further revenues in advertising.

Thirdly, in the last, the arguer suggests to expand their coverage of weather and local news on all our news programs.
In this aspect, the unstated assumption is that the preference of televiewers of other time slots is the same with ones’ often watch TV in the late night.
If people who watch TV more during the daytime prefer to national news and are tired of too much weather or local news which are already everywhere in the local newspapers, the arguer’s suggestion to expand the time devoted to the latter will lose these viewers and his argument will be weakened.

1、复述原文
2、假设为其他所有时段的观众口味都喜欢天气和当地新闻
3、如果白天的观众确实只喜欢国家新闻而厌倦了天气和当地新闻，那么在所有时段都增加天气和当地新闻就不会吸引更多观众
修改：
The third assumption is that other viewers of all time slots have the same interest in weather and local news with those ones of late-night programs.
We can presume that people who watch TV mainly in the daytime are indeed tired of weather and local news because they are given this kind of information too much, instead, they are concerned about more influential national news.
If so, the assumption does not hold true and expanding the coverage of weather and local news on all programs cannot attract more audience.

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地板

发表于 2015-1-4 17:43:51 |只看该作者

1.Another assumption is that the complaints about local news and weather are necessarily about the relatively short coverage of these topics.
2. Maybe the viewers are unhappy about the inaccuracy of the weather forecast on certain days and complain about it.
3.Or perhaps the viewers do not like the reporting style of the anchors for local news.
4.In fact, the complaints can be filed against many different aspects of the local news or weather reports and have nothing to do with the duration.
5. If the assumption about the complaints is incorrect, the argument would not be very strong.

1.指出另一个假设
2.指出别的一种可能性-不准确引起了抱怨
3.指出别的一种可能性-主播风格引起了抱怨
4.指出抱怨原因可能有很多，假设很有可能不成立
5.指出假设如果不成立，那么论证就不会有效

1.The final assumption made in this argument is about the reason why the station has lost viewers.
2. It is implicitly assumed that viewers are lost because of the reductio in local news and weather coverage.
3.But there could be other reasons why the viewers stop watching the programs from the station.
4. Maybe the quality of national news from the station is not very good or other sources of national news from the Internet are more informative or comprehensive.
5. Even if the viewers are interested in national news, they may follow national news via other means.
6.Again if the station lost viewers for reasons other than local news or weather, the proposed change would not make a difference.

1.指出第三个假设探讨主题
2.指出假设内容
3.指出有其他可能性
4.列举其中两种可能性
5.让步写出假设不成立的第三种可能性
6.指出假设不成立那么相应的建议也无效

老师，我有两个问题想问。

其一是argument写作顺序是否需要跟题目相对应？感觉这篇范文是想到哪儿写到哪儿。在题目中，话题展开顺序是：一项改变-引起了后果1-后果2-为了避免后果应该采取的措施。但是这篇范文先分析后果二，再分析后果一，最后再分析建议是否能够预防更可怕的后果。顺序跟题目不太一样。

其二是，这篇范文的第一点论证分析感觉有点牵强。因为题目中说In addition, local businesses that used to advertise during our late-night news program have canceled their advertising contracts with us. 论证的点应该放到less coverage of weather and local news是否导致了冲突引起了广告的减少吧？还是说我理解题目有问题？（偶尔我会理解歪题意。。。）