[a习作temp] argument2 『勇往直前小组』第四次作业 [复制链接]

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电梯直达

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发表于 2007-7-23 23:16:50 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

argument2
The following appeared in a letter sent by a committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres to all homeowners in Deer haven Acres.
"Seven years ago, homeowners in nearby Brookville community adopted a set of restrictions on how the community's yards should be landscaped and what colors the exteriors of homes should be painted. Since then, average property values have tripled in Brookville. In order to raise property values in Deer haven Acres, we should adopt our own set of restrictions on landscaping and house painting."

In the letter, the committee of homeowners from the Deer haven Acres recommend to adopt a set of restriction on landscaping in order to raise the values of property. This recommendation is relied on the assumption that Brookville community have achieved the average raise of property values after the adopt of these restrictions. It may be plausible at the first glance. However, further examination will make us challenge the rationality of the argument.

First of all, the committee present that Brookville community had adopted a set of restriction seven years ago. However, no evidence can prove that Brookville community had well implemented these restrictions. It is quite likely that a month after the adoption, because the transformation of the government, all the restrictions were rescinded. Then the assumption that the increasing property value is attributed to the adoption of the restrictions is untenable.

Even all these restrictions are well implemented, the assumption that the adoption contributes to the raising values of property is still not reasonable. The committee fail to consider other possible elements which can result in this increase. For example, seven years ago, the government of the Brookville community decided to develop a large piece of land, which attracted a lot of outsider to invest in Brookville. As a result, a large number of people poured into this community for business. Certainly, the price of the houses in Brookville raised because of the larger demand, which did nothing with the restrictions. It is also possible that the surrounding of Brookville was well developed at that time. As we all know, a favorable environment can make a place more valuable. Therefore, the price of houses raise. Either of them can be the cause of increasing property value.

Even if the increasing property value in Brookville was the exact result of the restriction, no further evidence can support that the adoption of these restrictions can serve the same function in Deer haven Acres. It is possible that people in Brookville prefer the colored exteriors of homes because this form is suitable this environment, while the residents in Deer haven Acres prefer something much simpler. Then the restrictions can only have a contrary effect—making the property value down.

In sum, the committee fails to see many crucial facts so that they are to hasty to come to this recommendation. If they can provide us with more information, such as the report of the restriction’s effect in Brookville, the analysis of other elements which may play a role in property value as well as the account of people from both Brookville and Deer haven Acres about their favorite house style, the argument would be much more tenable and then, people can decide whether they should adopt these restrictions.

133The following is a memo from the principal of Academia High School.

"Academia High School should abolish its after-school performing-arts programs and replace them with computer-technology programs. When nearby Techno High School did so last year, total enrollment in all of its after-school activities remained about the same. Moreover, on entering college, many Techno students chose a major directly related to their after-school activities. On the other hand, last year only 10 percent of Academia's graduating seniors chose performing arts as their major field of study in their first year of college, clearly indicating that most students do not have a strong interest in the performing arts."
攻击点
1 many是模糊描述，而且缺少t学校在做出改变前后的对比，不能说这种改变是有效的
2 即使是有效的，但不能说在a就一样有效
3 a学校10%的学生是孤立数字。有可能本来就只有10%的学生参加艺术班，10%就相当于100%，即时是比较少的学生，去年也不能说明今年也是这样
4 即使是未来也很少人学艺术专业，不能就说学生对艺术没兴趣
5 即使没兴趣，那用电脑技术替换也不见得是好方法

161In a study of reading habits of Leeville citizens conducted by the University of Leeville, most respondents said they preferred literary classics as reading material. However, a follow-up study conducted by the same researchers found that the type of book most frequently checked out of each of the public libraries in Leeville was the mystery novel. Therefore, it can be concluded that the respondents in the first study had misrepresented their reading habits.

攻击点
1 回应者不代表所有被访者，更不代表群众
2 公共图书馆以点盖面，不能代表所有可以看到树的地方，比如书店，学校的图书馆
3 借出的书也不能说明全部，有些人喜欢在图书馆里面看不带出去
4 即使上述都成立，也不能说第一个调查误导了

178The following appeared in the annual report from the president of the National Brush Company.

"In order to save money, we at the National Brush Company have decided to pay our employees for each brush they produce instead of for the time they spend producing brushes. We believe that this policy will lead to the production of more and better brushes, will allow us to reduce our staff size, and will enable the company factories to operate for fewer hours—resulting in savings on electricity and security costs. These changes will ensure that the best workers keep their jobs and that the company will earn a profit in the coming year."
攻击点
1 这项政策也不一定会达到作者说希望的效果（几个will）
2 即使能达到，也不一定会到来省电声成本的效果
3 即使省电声成本，也不能保证最好的工人继续工作以及来年的盈利

202Humans arrived in the Kaliko Islands about 7,000 years ago, and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals. Further, archaeologists have discovered numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.
攻击点
1 没有证据不代表事实就是如此，只是证据没被找到
2 很多地方是模糊概念，不能说明完全没有
3 即使完全没有也不能说人类没有捕猎哺乳动物
4 即使不是人类捕猎造成的，也不代表就是气候和环境因素造成的