[a习作temp] 我的第一篇Argument（188）附提纲,如果拍请深拍~ [复制链接]

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电梯直达

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发表于 2010-8-18 13:41:18 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

Argument 188 A new report suggests that men and women experience pain very differently from one another and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications. When researchers administered the same dosage of kappa opioids—a painkiller—to 28 men and 20 women who were having their wisdom teeth extracted, the women reported feeling much less pain than the men, and the easing of pain lasted considerably longer in women. This research suggests that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. In addition, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women.

提纲：

1研究的可信程度值得怀疑。1 ）调查的样本太少;2) 调查者是否真实报告，也许女性忍耐力强。
2 研究结果不能得出结论是性别决定了疼痛程度，还有很多没有交代的因素都有可能产生影响，比如年龄，身体状况，生长环境等等。
3 就算K真的对女性牙痛比较有用，不代表对所有类型的疼痛都是如此，也不能说明K对于男性不是相对于其他药的最好选择，所以第三句话就是个BUG。
4 就算以上都成立，也没必要对所有的药品都重新评估对男女的效用。

正文如下：无计时，字数508

The author cites a research showing that two groups of different gender both having their wisdom teeth extracted and then taking the same dosage of Kappa opiods, but women reported feeling much less pain and the easing of pain lasted longer than the men. Based on this evidence, the author concludes that men and women experience pain very differently, thus we should prescribe only the women Kappa opiods as well as the men other painkillers. Moreover, researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. This argument depends on several unsubstantiated assumptions and is therefore unpersuasive as it stands. I find it logically unconvincing in there critical respects.

First, the author provides no evidence that the study’s results are statistically reliable. In order to establish a strong correlation between the sex and pain level, the study’s sample must be sufficient in size, and the responses themselves are reliable. Yet the author ignores the sample size is too small, neither can not rule out the possibility that the women are more good at enduring instead of reporting the pain. Lacking evidence of the two requirements above, the author can not justifiably rely on the study to draw any conclusion whatsoever.

Secondly, the argument overlooks the strong possibility that the difference of gender is not the only factor affecting the feeling and lasting of pain. Other such factors might include the difference in age, physical condition, and live circumstance and so on. Without considering and ruling out these and other factors that might served to the diversity of pain, it would seriously weaken the author’s claim that men and women experience pain very differently from one another and that doctors should consider these differences when prescribing pain medications.

Thirdly, even if Kappa opiods really dose a effect to women especially, it is hastily to infer that kappa opioids should be prescribed for women whenever pain medication is required, whereas men should be given other kinds of pain medication. There is a possibility that Kappa opiods is only effective in dentition, the author didn’t prove that it is effective to all the pain; neither did he prove that Kappa opiods is not the best choice for men’s pain.

Last but not least, even though all the above is supportable, it is not reasonable that researchers should reevaluate the effects of all medications on men versus women. The author ignores the feasibility that revaluates all medications on different gender, and fails to account for the massive manpower, physical and financial resource. What’s more, no evidence indicates the suggestion is necessary and effective.

In sum, the author’s argument seems neither well-reasoned nor well-supported. To strengthen his position, he must convince me that the survey is statistically reliable, and ruling out all the other possible factors. Moreover, the author must provide Kappa opiod is effective for all the pains while it is not the best choice for men. Finally, to better assess the argument I would need more evidence to conclude the necessary to revaluate all medications on men versus women.