[专项资料] [分享]一个提高argument的建议 [附网址及节选句子] [复制链接]

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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2003-8-9 08:46:19 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

我的作文写得很烂，但仅仅看孙远和老外280又觉得很郁闷。我是读心理学的，我最近发现美国心理学会的专业网站上也可以学到不少argument 的表达方式，搜索argument sample就会显示好多argument类的文章，尽管许多文章在长度上和内容上都可能与我们的作文要求相差太远，但是许多语言表达的变化是比较丰富的，我个人认为可以学习更多的表达方式。我想每个专业的同学都可以找到自己专业的网站吧，一边看专业文章，一边也可以学习作文的写法，我觉得不错哦。

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blake_wang
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沙发

发表于 2003-8-9 08:54:25 |只看该作者

1, that's great idea, i would appreciate it if you could give some useful passages or websites.

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板凳

发表于 2003-8-9 10:42:10 |只看该作者

[url]http://www.apa.org/monitor/
是美国心理学会的专业网站，有专门的搜索引擎，以下是我从搜索的文章中节选的一些句子，不知道对你有没有用，可惜我已经用粗体表示的内容在这里显示不出来。

Argument 可用
1. A brief overview of the extensive social scientific literature concerning sexual orientation may assist the Court in its consideration of this case.

2. The author attempts to show the sources of the charge of racism against Jung lies, how applicable it is, and how Jung's theory can be viewed in a more multidimensional light and as an argument against racism. According to the author, Jung was led astray in his views of Blacks by unconscious stereotyping and, perhaps, shadow projection. However, Jung thought that the presence of Blacks in America saved White Americans from being as one-sided as Europeans. He suggested that White Americans have to be more morally rigid than Europeans to counteract the influence of Blacks. It is argued that Jung's critique of modern Western societies may help explain their xenophobia, racism, and violence. Europeans' violent and exploitative nature stem from their psyche's imbalance. Because the goal of psychotherapy is to regain balance, Jung felt that a dialectic between Western and non-Western cultures was essential.

3. The author responds to the paper by T. A. Cleary et al (see PA, Vol 55:3505) on the use of standardized tests with minorities and notes substantial shortcomings in the article. These include a) lack of response to the key arguments of many critics of extant testing, b) lack of recommendations for improving test development, and c) placement of blame for bad testing on the practitioner.

4. The author explains that tokenism, racism, sexism, organizational resistance to change and diversity, and creation of parallel structures of participation but not power are some of the processes that produce barriers to the full participation of minority academicians within colleges and universities. It is argued that these issues can have profound effects upon ethnic minority psychologists working in academic settings. These issues have implications for the field of psychology as it tries to deal with the rapidly changing demographics of this country by increasing faculty and student diversity. This chapter also includes recommendations for a series of changes that foster cultural diversity in training.

5. The author examines the widespread view that the Volkerpsychologie of M. Lazarus, M. Steinthal, and W. Wundt was in some way related to the racial psychology of the Nazis. This was suggested in G. Allport's (1954) treatise on "Historical Background of Modern Social Psychology." The present author discusses Allport's essay to show that this is nothing more than an ugly rumor. Volkerpsychologie was a cultural psychology. It was heavily criticized by racial psychologists and was used by Franz Boas to undermine their theories. The source of Allport's "mistake" is examined.

6. This chapter focuses on the evidence about racism, sexism, and classism in psychotherapeutic practice and advocates a continued exploration of positive approaches in training therapists to deal with their biases. The author focuses on the often neglected but potent variables of sex, race, and class as determinants of the success of psychotherapy.

7. The author suggests that C. R. Ridley (see PA, Vol 72:26063), in his attempt to dissuade the reader from maintaining stereotypic views of Black clients, may be unintentionally perpetuating some of those views. Ridley's use of the term healthy cultural paranoiacs and the language and terminology of the article are discussed in this context. The concept of unaware racism and its effects on the White therapist-Black client relationship are discussed.

8. The author presents a historical perspective on racism and its impact on the mental health of African Americans. Recently, uncovered issues of racism that negatively affect the mental health of minorities are the escalation of hate crimes, housing discrimination, and school resegregation. Epidemiological studies of mental illness identify racism as a major contributor to psychopathology. Mental health professionals have an ethical responsibility to identify and strengthen minority community support systems and help initiate strategies to empower minorities to demand equitable health care.

9. The authors examine factors affecting health care service utilization by minority (e.g., African American, Asian/Pacific American, Latino) elderly. Problems include minorities' use of emergency rooms for primary care, inferior treatment despite equal doctor visits, underuse of hospitals and community-based services, and underestimation of needs for external support due to cultural expectations for family care provision. Structural (external) barriers to service delivery, such as racism, and cultural (internal) barriers, such as family dynamics and cultural bias, are examined. Cultural barriers have been related to ethnic identity, acculturation, and ethnic attitudes, such as fatalism and an external locus of control. Services need to be suited to ethnic elders' levels of functioning and congruent with ethnic expectations.

10. The author examines the life work of G. W. Allport (e.g., 1929, 1967) on the nature of prejudice and racial discrimination. It is concluded that Allport's eclectic, pragmatic, and optimistic studies of prejudice and his firm belief in the role of the social sciences in the solution of social problems were strong forces that helped to shape a more positive "American view" of the nature of prejudice and race relations.

11. Rather than focus on the numerous flaws in the book The Bell Curve (Herrnstein & Murray), this discussion focuses on the racism and bigoted beliefs of the pioneers in the mental measurement movement in the United States--beliefs which provided the background and opportunity for the publication of the book. A significant amount of these historical attitudes still permeate theory and practice in the field of psychological testing today. The paper contends that the professional psychological community has been remiss in fulfilling its moral obligation to insure that the public has accurate information on issues where psychological expertise is relevant. Racial relations in the United States are precariously brittle, thus, it is critical that the professional psychological community change its laissez faire stance, assert its moral leadership, and use this opportunity to set the scientific record straight. The American Psychological Association must articulate state-of-the-art information on these issues and exercise its influence on public policy instead of allowing others, such as adherents to The Bell Curve, to continue to fuel hate and racial bigotry.

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