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[问答] GRE 9604 - 北美 [复制链接]

yeungmarco
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2013-4-16 11:32:18 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

Writing of the Iroquois nation, Smith has argued that
through the chiefs' council, tribal chiefs traditionally
maintained complete control over the political affairs of
both the Iroquois tribal league and the individual tribes
(5) belonging to the league, whereas the sole jurisdiction
over religious affairs resided with the shamans.
According to Smith, this division was maintained until
the late nineteenth century, when the dissolution of the
chiefs' council and the consequent diminishment of the
(10) chiefs' political power fostered their increasing involvement
in religious affairs.
However, Smith fails to recognize that this division of
power between the tribal chiefs and shamans was not
actually rooted in Iroquois tradition; rather, it resulted
(15) from the Iroquois' resettlement on reservations early in
the nineteenth century. Prior to resettlement, the chiefs'
council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal
league; individual tribes had institutions― most important,
the longhouse― to govern their own affairs. In the
(20) longhouse, the tribe's chief influenced both political and
religious affairs.

26. The author of the passage implies that which of the
following occurred after the Iroquois were resettled
on reservations early in the nineteenth century?
(A) Chiefs became more involved in their tribes'
religious affairs.
(B) The authority of the chiefs' council over the
affairs of individual tribes increased.
(C) The political influence of the Iroquois shamans
was diminished.
(D) individual tribes coalesced into the Iroquois
tribal league.
(E) The longhouse because a political rather than a
religious institution.

is it C, why ?

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九里南岸
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沙发

发表于 2013-4-16 13:18:41 |只看该作者

本帖最后由九里南岸于 2013-4-18 12:45 编辑

我这样理解的，Smith陈述的现象是正确的，但是他的依据是错误的。文中只谈到了萨满的宗教司法权，而没有论述政治上的问题，在权力上和委员会相对的是Long house，甚至不知道shaman是否是Long house的成员。所以这个问题没有任何依据来支撑，所以C不对。

顺便说说为什么选B，因为文中提到委员会曾经（在保留地重新定居之前）是只负责联盟里的事物的，换句话说不插手各部落内部问题，然后比较其解散前通过委员会掌握大权在握，可以发现委员会的权利在扩大，无论是自己的部落还是独立的部落中。

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yeungmarco
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板凳

发表于 2013-4-16 15:20:07 |只看该作者

Quote from shartwithu:

Prior to resettlement, the chiefs' council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal league; individual tribes had institutions― most important, the longhouse― to govern their own affairs.
说的是council control：tribal > individual; 答案应该是上述内容取反，正确答案B;

但是决胜机考版GRE阅读理解的答案是C. shxt.

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confectioner
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地板

发表于 2013-4-16 16:37:23 |只看该作者

这里的C还是 whereas the sole jurisdiction
over religious affairs resided with the shamans.
在权力分配后CC有更大的R权力所以S在R上的权力减少了。
另外作者想argu的不是Smith的内容而是Smith没注意到这种权力分配前的政治意识形态。
Prior to resettlement, the chiefs' council controlled only the broad policy of the tribal league; individual tribes had institutions― most important, the longhouse― to govern their own affairs.
这句话说权力在分配前CC只是大面上控制tribal league而个体部落其实还是主要的权力，要取非也是对league取非，与个体事物无关。

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confectioner
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5楼

发表于 2013-4-16 16:56:08 |只看该作者

confectioner 发表于 2013-4-16 16:37
这里的C还是 whereas the sole jurisdiction
over religious affairs resided with the shamans.
在权力分 ...

不过这个C应该是认定了所谓的political权力和religious权力可以都归到political权力一类，就靠谱了。原文中这句话的提示可能有点用According to Smith, this division was maintained until
the late nineteenth century, when the dissolution of the
chiefs' council and the consequent diminishment of the
(10) chiefs' political power fostered their increasing involvement
in religious affairs.
所谓减少的political权力过渡到增加的religious affairs参与度。
个人看法欢迎拍砖- -

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北平吊客
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6楼

发表于 2013-4-16 17:15:09 |只看该作者

我选B，对照上下文可得。不选C的原因，支持九里南岸的解释。

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