ARGUMENT50 From a draft textbook manuscript submit [复制链接]

hlbjerry
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电梯直达

楼主

发表于 2003-2-12 06:54:03 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

argument 50:
From a draft textbook manuscript submitted to a publisher.

"As Earth was being formed out of the collision of space rocks, the heat from those collisions and from the increasing gravitational energy of the planet made the entire planet molten, even the surface. Any water present would have evaporated and gone off into space. As the planet approached its current size, however, its gravitation became strong enough to hold gases and water vapor around it as an atmosphere. Because comets are largely ice made up of frozen water and gases, a comet striking Earth then would have vaporized. The resulting water vapor would have been retained in the atmosphere, eventually falling as rain on the cooled and solidified surface of Earth. Therefore, the water in Earth's oceans must have originated from comets."

In this argument,the arguer concludes that the water in Earh’s oceans must have orginated from comets.To support the  conclusion,the arguer cites a theory that Earh was formed out of the collision of space rocks and any water would have evaporated for the high temperature as a consequence of collisions.The arguer also states that when comets which are largerly ice made up of frozen water striked Eath,the water would have vaporized and been retained in the atmosphere then produce all kinds of water in Earth.However,the argument is unconvincing for it suffers from several  critical flaws.

  First of all,the arguer fails to take into account other  factors that might affect the procedure to form water.The arguer assums when comets striked Earth,the frozen water of comets would have vaporized for the high temperature based on the theory of collisions of space rocks.Though,the temperature is very high in the initial period of Earth,what it is when Earth approached its current size  is still questionable.It is likely that the temperature at that time is too low to evaporize water,which,if true, will seriously weaken the assumption of the argument.

  In addition,the arguer commits a fallacy of hasty generalization.Even if we believe when comet  striked Earth,the water of comets could have evaporized,which is unwarranted, however,solely based on this slim information,we can not follow that the water in Earth’s ocean originaged from comets.How many comets had striked Earth?Is the number of comets is sufficient to produce the water in Earth?All these questions are open to doubt for the arguer fails to provide any more evidences about them.

  Finally,the arguer ignores other factors might generate water in the surface of Earth..It is well known that water is combined with hydrogen element and oxygen element.That is to say,as long as there are hydrogen element and oxygen element in Earth,it is  possibily that they can produce water on a certain circumstance.Without ruling out the possibility,the argument is not convincing.

In summary,the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidences cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains.To strengthen the argument,the arguer should show direct linkage between comets and the formation of the water in Earth’s oceans.To better evaluate the argument,we need more concrete evidences that when comets striked Earth,it can produce water and water is sufficient to  form Earth’s oceans.

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feier521
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沙发

发表于 2003-5-26 10:51:39 |只看该作者

这个彗星的很难写啊。参考别人写了一下提纲，斑竹，还有没有其他逻辑错误阿？

1 the water in Earth's ocrean may be due to some other reasons rather than comet collsions.
a. the water on earth might have come into being through chemical reaction.
(the reaction between oxygen and hydrogen molecules)
b. other celestrial bodies other than comets might have contributed to the earth’s ocean .
c. Volcano eruption produced a lot of water steam which helped to form the primitive ocean.
2.The volume of water on the earth is so large. Whether were there so many comets that collided with the earth? Whether was there enough amount of water produced and retained on the earth during collisions? Even if it were possible, is comets’ frozen water as salty as that of the earth’s oceans?

Never,never,never,never give up !!

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tomatoeggs
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板凳

发表于 2003-5-27 06:04:29 |只看该作者

恩，是这么分析和抨击了。尽量用他因来攻击原文观点吧。

另外，纠正一下你的语法小错误：whether不能直接放在句首作疑问词。

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dalloway
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地板

发表于 2004-3-20 18:42:13 |只看该作者

偶的提纲

A 彗星撞地球
B 给地球带来水分
C 地球水分来自彗星

驳1：有可能原来就有能形成水分的东东，H2 ＋O2，通过自身的化学变化形成水分
驳2：彗星撞击产生的水分是否能够形成地球所有的水分？
还有里面有两个would have been，我觉得这是作者的假设，也可以驳一下。尤其是第二个，怎么知道可以留在大气层？

挺恶心的一道题！