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0606G同主题写作第十六期——issue143
143"Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity."
*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
总结一年来三段时间的同主题写作 ISSUE我们已经写过的题目编号有：
4，6，7，10，30，36(两次)，38，41，46，48，51，52，93，103，104，123，130（两次），136，138，144，150，154，157，162，175，185，196，207，241。
可见 https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mo ... &highlight=0506
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mo ... &extra=page%3D1
还有https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mo ... &extra=page%3D1
基本上都是高频和有争议的题目，版主们也非常辛勤的将所有相关资料奉上希望各位网友能够用得上，观察我们的同主题题目类别，可以发现其中的教育类，科技类，社会题材类为重中之重，其后的是几道历史类和一些独立题目诸如失败成功的题目，这么多个题目之中最少的就是艺术类，只出现在一年前的ISSUE144，而这个题目144确实我们机经里面最为显著的高频题目之一。
鉴于ISSUE144已经写过，所以这一期我们将艺术类之中的艺术家和评论家的问题讨论深入一些，所以本期的同主题题目为143，希望藉着这次的同主题，以后大家就不需要对于艺术类题目的认识产生过多的误会。
提到艺术或者艺术家的题目有：32，34，82，85，98，116，158，170，202，243
较为重点讨论的艺术或者艺术类题目有：76，96，101，131，143，144，176，190，218
首先 我们先来看看143的题目
143"Artists should pay little attention to their critics.* Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the artist's creativity."
*those who evaluate works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
首先 我们对几个词作出解释 按照 韦伯字典解释
artist
Pronunciation: 'är-tist
Function: noun
1 a obsolete : one skilled or versed in learned arts b archaic : PHYSICIAN c archaic : ARTISAN
2 a : one who professes and practices an imaginative art b : a person skilled in one of the fine arts
3 : a skilled performer; especially : ARTISTE
4 : one who is adept at something <con artist> <strikeout artist>
critic
Pronunciation: 'kri-tik
Function: noun
Etymology: Latin criticus, from Greek kritikos, from kritikos able to discern or judge, from krinein
1 a : one who expresses a reasoned opinion on any matter especially involving a judgment of its value, truth, righteousness, beauty, or technique b : one who engages often professionally in the analysis, evaluation, or appreciation of works of art or artistic performances
2 : one given to harsh or captious judgment
undermine
Pronunciation: -'mIn
Function: transitive verb
1 : to excavate the earth beneath : form a mine under : SAP
2 : to wash away supporting material from under
3 : to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretly
4 : to weaken or ruin by degrees
constrain
Pronunciation: k&n-'strAn
Function: transitive verb
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French constraindre, from Latin constringere to constrict, constrain, from com- + stringere to draw tight -- more at STRAIN
1 a : to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation b : to restrict the motion of (a mechanical body) to a particular mode
2 : COMPRESS; also : to clasp tightly
3 : to secure by or as if by bonds : CONFINE; broadly : LIMIT
4 : to force or produce in an unnatural or strained manner <a constrained smile>
5 : to hold back by or as if by force <constraining my mind not to wander from the task -- Charles Dickens>
creativity
Pronunciation: "kr"A-'ti-v&-tE, "krE-&-
Function: noun
1 : the quality of being creative
2 : the ability to create
那么什么是creative呢
1 : marked by the ability or power to create : given to creating <the creative impulse>
2 : having the quality of something created rather than imitated : IMAGINATIVE <the creative arts>
3 : managed so as to get around legal or conventional limits <creative financing>; also : deceptively arranged so as to conceal or defraud <creative accounting>
什么是create呢
1 : to bring into existence <God created the heaven and the earth -- Gen 1:1 (Authorized Version)>
2 a : to invest with a new form, office, or rank <was created a lieutenant> b : to produce or bring about by a course of action or behavior <her arrival created a terrible fuss> <create new jobs>
3 : CAUSE, OCCASION <famine creates high food prices>
4 a : to produce through imaginative skill <create a painting> b : DESIGN <creates dresses>
intransitive senses : to make or bring into existence something new
解释完一系列的词语之后我们来观察一下超高频的144题目
Issue144
"It is the artist, not the critic,* who gives society something of lasting value."
*a person who evaluates works of art, such as novels, films, music, paintings, etc.
最明显的我们看到的是：143强调的是创新性而144强调的是长久的价值，这也就出现了重要词汇定义问题，很多同学写144的时候都没有写到任何关于长久的价值的问题，顶多能够沾边价值问题，这样是远远不够标准的，同样，我希望在大家的文章里能够针创造性做一个比较好的诠释或者定义，这个大家可以参看0506的同主题144里面的作品，里面有较为详尽的讨论。
言归正传，今天我们讨论的143题目，虽然机井显示近一年来只考过7次，但是由于其和144的相似性并且能一部分的代表艺术类题目的思路，所以极为有可能取代144成为艺术类题目的代表，并且里面强调了创新性的问题，更加可以与教育类和科技类的呼应。
解释了一下重要的词语之后，我们来翻译一下143的题目，翻译对于一个题目至关重要，稍许的不同就会导致整个题目的看法的完全不同，这里我们采取庄子的翻译
143艺术家不应该注意艺术评论家。艺术评论家倾向于与破坏并限制艺术的创造性
说到艺术家的创造性，我们又可以联系76题"Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society."
是否可以从76看出题目的相似性和关联呢？
假如说艺术家的创作都超越时代，那么评论家破坏的创造性正式这种超越时代的性质，也就是说在阻挠时代的进步？
从这个观点，我们可以发展出来此文的其中一个观点，既可以成为赞成143的三个理由之一也可以转换一下成为反对143的理由。
为了让同学们有更多创造性地发挥，这里我并不希望直接把理由例子和写法跟大家说，而是给大家一下一些参考文献：
Creative strategies
and the critical counter-culture of the 90’s
© Guillem Ramos-Poquí, David Rodway, Richard Hands 1995
Are there any principles to learn about creativity in art?. The ruling view says no. This assertion could be argued, however, has overlooked the various strategies pioneered and used (though sometimes in a rudimentary way) by the various movements in modernism e.g.:
- cubism (the combination of many viewpoints or perspectives in a single image)
- dada and surrealism (the use of association and metaphor to defamiliarize the familiar and also familiarize the unfamiliar)
- There is also the use of gestalt effects rearranging parts into wholes to create shape transformations.
We see these devices developed in advertising and mass communications (video, film, digital imaging) but they tend to be reduced to one-liners, promoting market ideology, capitalist values, instead of sustained narratives that embody social, political and cultural critique.
To understand the different kinds of sign (iconic, indexical, symbolic) that artists can employ, the field of semiotics is relevant here.
Also, to understand the workings of perception, its inherently selective, circular and reflexive nature, we need to turn to the tradition in philosophy known as (critical) hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is the study and theory of interpretation applied across the whole of the natural and social realm. The study of hermeneutics, with thinkers like Jüngen Habermas, tell us that all perception is intrinsically selective and that we see all facts within a framework of values, the values which form the base of our understanding of the world.
更多内容可以参看http://www.ramos-poqui.com/creativity/
Fringe and Fortune: The Role of Critics in High and Popular Art
by Wesley Monroe Shrum Jr. - Sample pages displayed by agreement with Princeton University Press
Synopsis
Why does the distinction between high and popular art persist in spite of postmodernist predictions that it should vanish? Departing from the conventional view that such distinctions are class-related, Wesley Shrum concentrates instead on the way individuals form opinions about culture through the mediation of critics. He shows that it is the extent to which critics shape the reception of an art form that determines its place in the cultural hierarchy. Those who patronize "lowbrow" art--stand-up comedy, cabaret, movies, and popular music--do not heed critical opinions nearly as much as do those who patronize "highbrow" art--theater, opera, and classical music. Thus the role of critics is crucial to understanding the nature of cultural hierarchy and its persistence. Shrum supports his argument through an inquiry into the performing arts, focusing on the Edinburgh Fringe, the world's largest and most diverse art festival.
Beginning with eighteenth-century London playhouses and print media, where performance art criticism flourished, Shrum examines the triangle of mediation involving critics, spectators, and performers. The Fringe is shown to parallel modern art worlds, where choices proliferate along with the demand for guidance. Using interviews with critics and performers, analysis of audiences, and published reviews as well as dramatic vignettes, Shrum reveals the impact of critics on high art forms and explores the "status bargain" in which consumers are influenced by experts in return for prestige.
Reviews
Fringe and Fortune has a charm and wit that novelist [Henry] James would have liked.... The book includes an excellent and stunning review of relevant theories in aesthetics and the sociology of art and culture.
Fringe 和 Fortune 正好押头韵，阐述的正是评论家面对高雅文化和流行文化的区别
这里同样也是说的时间的问题
http://www.qlrc.org/pmachine/more.php?id=5_0_1_0_M
其中Bourdieu has taken a radical position that denies any inherent value to cultural productions, including the ones we call “creative.” The value of a poem, symphony, or scientific theory, in his opinion, is decided through struggles within a field constituted by economic and power relations among cultural practitioners (Bourdieu, 1993). Thus it is useless to look for the value of a Picasso painting in the painting itself. Its value is attributed to it by the recognition bestowed on the painting by other artists, critics, and especially collectors who pay for it – all of these constituting the field of art. Our own use of the term “field” in the systems model largely overlaps with Bourdieu’s.
从中阐述了其他艺术家及其评论家和艺术家之间的关系
以下均为google的图书内容
这个是关于现代艺术理论的文章
http://books.google.com/books?ie ... Yh76wwrMfXuKcI5T4EY
这个是阐述艺术和精神的文章
http://books.google.com/books?ie ... MQjtAYK5zhn-4gSxvXU
这个是阐述时代岁月和创新性关系的文章
http://books.google.com/books?ie ... YjCxoduK5KpJvLYjWCs
资料很多，信息越丰富，我们能够找到的论据越为充分，更甚至我们可以联系现实生活中的流行文化，流行艺术，而不要老生常谈毕加索梵高等等。
想要写好其实并不容易，大家可以参看144的连接，或许能给大家一些更好的提示
https://bbs.gter.net/showthread.php?s=&threadid=255061里面还有我当时的拙作，呵呵
143可以支持或反对，也可以有让步的支持或者由让步的反对，这取决于文章对于你的论点的支持的长度，同样大家可以看看网友们的作品
https://bbs.gter.net/forum.php?mo ... 1&highlight=143
还有我私家珍藏的一篇受到xdf老师强烈推荐的一篇文章，我按照未修改过的版本发，大家同时也可以挑挑其错误。
Issue123
“Artists should pay little attention to their critics. Criticism tends to undermine and constrain the
artist’s creativity. ”
The great tragedy of comely art lies on the truth that it can not manifest好词阿 its entire beauty directly to all of people attempting to comprehend it, which serves as the very riveting charisma 迷人的魅力~牛of art itself. As a result, a myriad of很多-不止a lot of intellectuals, with their acute intuition and great wisdom, emerge as the so called critics or aesthetics who are dedicated to construing, guiding and unearthing arts, in spite of distorting and vitiating 对比强烈阿them at times.
To begin with, so essential are the characters of critics that they interpret a multitude of art works to made profundity of art understood by the public. Art is a kind of abstract expression based on the entity of the visible form. Hence, chances that everyone can uncover its concealed purport and grip its intrinsic marrow are remote这里用了一个很好的句型: the chances ...are remote表示机会很小. However, critics, specializing in researching domain of art and evaluating the quality of works, could see through the complicated form of expression of art and reveal the author's deepest emotion and affection and present them in terms of intelligible words, aiding the public to appreciate the authentic beauty of art. As one of the most prestige professors in Department of Art, XXX University once said (and I paraphrase) "Critic is something of light, without its illumination, our arts turn out to be tangible but unappreciable." Therefore, critics do play an important role in the explanation of art.
Moreover, apart from功能相当于not only but also the function of construing, critics, as well as their comments, may efficaciously 和另一个词有很大关系又可以押头韵了 下面的就不细说了 指出一些漂亮的用词供大家欣赏forestall the arts from deviation of correct direction, especially in our modern society. In today's circumstance widely pervaded by the business atmosphere, it is likely for the arts to fall into the valley of banality, vulgarity and pragmatism, which have been sharply undermining the purity of art. Critics, the apologists for true art, resist any invading of everything worldly and maintain the consecration of art. They argue that art should not be expressly designed to cater to the satisfaction of business activity. On the contrary, they are intended to be created to satiate the mankind's craving of pursuing the eternal beauty. Had they failed to lead arts to the correct orientation, people would no longer perceive the arts' loftiness and creativity, but only corruption and perversion instead.
Finally, almost no ones can parallel with critics in aspects of sensitivity of arts, thereby triggering the critics' discovery of innate beauty in paintings, sculpture and dancing, etc. Critics are the treasure hunters among the sea of art. Admittedly, a few valuable works were once underestimated and overlooked, sometimes criticized and even taunted by the art commentators for these works, in possession of abstruse purport and obscure emotion, are far beyond contemporary human being's capability of comprehension, Such as Vincent Van Gogh's painting. But this kind of misfortune, which violates the initial will of majority of critics, should not be imputed to their comments but attributed to anachronism. Ultimately, it is the critics who also excavate the grant merits inside the great works previously neglected, endowing them with deserved appreciation and compliment.
In summary, without critics, art may be perceived solely superficially. Without critics, art may be completely stray in the forest of cliche. Without critics, art may be still left to mystery三个without这里可以使用更加美丽的句式替换掉,有点遗憾啊这里. Thus, despite certain negative influence on art, critics are always responsible for interpreting, defending and unveiling the art, the most elegant way of expression, the greatest wisdom of human being.最后一段整段都写得很好啊！
同学们 你写得如何呢;)
[ 本帖最后由 yogurt4 于 2006-3-23 02:46 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2006-3-23 02:23:33
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