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issue17"There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
提纲:
1。不遵守自认为unjust的法律实际上缺乏法理上的基础。法律不会给与任何人此种权力,更谈不上responsibility了
2。每个人都只遵守自认为just的法律,不可避免与别人发生对立,从而危及社会和谐与稳定。因此,此种responsibility是缺乏可行性作为根基的
3。对付公认的unjust laws的办法应是更改法律本身
The speaker asserts that each individual in a society has a responsibility to disobey and resist the unjust ones. However, as far as I am concerned, such responsibility is neither jurally valid nor practically feasible and thus does not exist. People often try to modify the laws instead of passively (passively不合适,disobey 显然不是被动的) disobeying the unjust laws.我认为最后这句不完全符合实际,因为现实中有人抵抗law, 作为thesis,最好直接说出你在这个问题上的看法)
To begin with, citizens are never authorized by the laws to disobey and resist it. Therefore, any attempts to offend the laws are not allowed and lose validity whether these are just laws and unjust laws. Laws are established to regulate and set limitation for people's behaviors so as to maintain the stability of the society. This is almost always the case whether in contemporary society or in the ancient society, in authoritative countries or in democratic countries. It is for this reason that no laws that ever exist would entitle the individuals with the rights of disobedience and resistance. 这几句好像在重复说一个事情,缺少例子Such laws, if ever existed, make possible for people to choose freely whether to obey the laws or disobey them regardless of what are codified and therefore such laws exist in name only. In a sense, individuals never enjoy the jural rights to disobey and resist laws, whether just or unjust, let alone the responsibility.
In addition, the responsibility to resist "unjust" laws lack feasibility as its foundation. There does not exist a uniformed standard of justice for everyone because judgement of what is just often gained from personal experience, religious belief and social background, varying from one person to person. Moreover, when it involves the problem of economic interests, people's opinions may sharply contradict one another. For example, when domestic industries call for higher tariff so as to survive through the competition with overseas companies which can provide cheaper and better goods, they may consider it just to do so. On the other hand, native customers may find it unjust because they are obliged to spend more money for what they want.好例子! In this case, the justice of the domestic industries does not accord with that of the native customers because they stand on different standpoints. When everyone only observes laws that he/she thinks are just, social harmony and stability are threatened. Therefore, it is not practical that every people in a society obey what he/she thinks are just laws and disobey what are considered unjust laws.
However, the fact that individuals do not have the responsibility to disobey what they think are unjust laws does not necessarily follow that individuals can do nothing to protect themselves from the detrimental(detriments) done by unjust laws.(既然前面否认just laws ,unjust law的区分, 后面再用就不太合适了吧 When certain laws are widely acknowledged as unjust and harm the interests of most of the citizens in the society, people usually attempt to modify these laws. In democratic society, people have legal assess to express their wills through demonstration and realize such wills through election. In authoritative countries, however, ordinary people usually do not have the legal approach to modify the unjust laws. If the governors fail to perceive their people's wills, a revolution may break out to overturn the current regime and abolish the unjust laws. In a sense, instead of mere obedience and resistance to the unjust laws, people have more initiative and effective approaches to deal with them.
To conclude, individuals do not have the responsibility to disobey the unjust laws and resist it. However, they can do something to change the laws themselves and solve the problem radically.
论证很充分,行文流畅,今天见识了你的大作,学习中 |
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