〖TOEFL 2009上半年-Dark_Tournament听力组〗chostleaf的听力备考日志贴

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        索引3 t3 X- d0 A( w

1楼 --------- 目录* v# Y9 H7 L5 i- Z
2楼 --------- 经验总结3 x6 _3

chostleafUID: 2596731

经验总结（每10天一个总结）

第一阶段经验总结（3月11日——3月21日）：( 经过10天的听写、跟读和背诵的练习，本人发现原本有xxxx等问题，现在已经解决了哪些问题，还存在哪些问题。

[第二阶段经验总结（3月22日——3月31日）：经过了第二个10天的基础练习，本人又解决了哪些问题，还存在哪些问题没有解决。

第三阶段经验总结（4月1日——4月10日）：
『理论上来讲，现在应该是即将出现或者已经出现量变到质变转化的时候了，所以这个阶段的总结应该会有比较深刻的体会，请大家好好写写啊：）』

chostleafUID: 2596731

3.22作业

2000   01    p3
listen to part of a talk in a music class.the professor is discussing a musical theatal pruduction

It may seems strange that we are discussing music from a broadway production in this class.the lion king especially.since it is based on a popular hollywood movie. I mean ,music performed from boradway theater in the heart of newyork city,surely would seemed to be in a western traditional part of popular music.and now have much in common with the music we`ve been studying in this course. such as gan`` music in indunixiya,xxxx in south africa,mucis developed ouside  the western tradition of europ and america.but in fact,musicians have a long standing tradition of borrowing from one another`s cultures. and this production`s director intentionally  included both western and nonwestern music.that way, some of the rythms ,instruments,harmonies,typical of nonwestern music can trust with and complement popular music more familiar to audions in north american and europ.music like rock jass or broadway style show tongues .so i want to spend the rest of the class and most of the next one on the music from the show the  lion king as a way of summarising some of the technical dictinctions between typical western music and the nonwestern music that we`ve been studying. now the african influence on the  music is clear,the story takes place in africa,so the director guard a south african composer to write songs with the dictinctly african sound.and the song even include  words from african languages,but what exactly africa influence later.first let`s turn to the music that was written for the shadow pappy seans in the lion king music based on the indunixiya music used in a shadow pappy sean of that rigion.



2000 01 p4
listen to a part of a talk in a class on the history of science
in ancian times many people believed  the earth was a flat disk,well over 2000 years ago,the ancian greek pholosopers were able to  put forward 2 good arguments  proving  that it was not.direct conseveration of the heavenly bodies was the basis of both each arguments ,first the greeks knew that during the eclips of moon the earth was between the sun and the moon,and so that during these eclips,the earth shadow on the moon was always round,they realised this could be true only if the earth was therical.if the earth were flat disk,then each shadow during a eclips would not be a perfect circle , it would be streached down into a long elips.the secend argument was based on with a group sodiers in their travels.they noticed that the north star ,or the polalos,appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south,in more northernly rigions ,the north stars appeared to be much higher in the sky.that way,it was also found the difference  in the apparent position of the north star,the greeks first calculated the apart distance around the circumference of the earth .a figure recorded in ancian  document says 400,000 stadia that the flour of the world`s stadion,today it is not known exactly what one stadia presents,but let`s say what about 200meaters,that land of many atheletic stadions ,this would make the greeks asmos about twice the figure acceped today of very good amosoherefor those writing so long even bofore the first telescope was invented.


2000   08   p3
recently some anthropologists conducted(conducated) an interesting case study in athenology(ethnology).now athonology as you recall is a branch of anthropology that deals with how various cultures developed in cage(change).thestudy was about the development of backet weaving by africa american women who living (live) in town of mounplesent of south carilina,the town is known for its hight quality sweet grass basket(s) which are weaven(woven) by these women ,they`ve been weaving the baskets for generations ,handing down the skill from mother to daughter.some of the baskets have been placed on permenant display of  the muscean of art.the origin of their basckt weaving dated(dates) back to  the 70 century and even earlier,when these women`s ancestors came to the u.s from the west coast of africa.now it is mainly a hobby.the backing was(back in the) 70 to 80 centuries ,africa american women wove the backets for the use on (the) rice plantations.there were 2 types of baskets (then).work basket and basket for use in the home.the work baskets were made out of woodrushers , woodrushers are long tough grasses grown in marshals.one type of the basket was fan basket which was used to separate grain of rice from the weeds.the baskets used in the homes were made by more delecate(delicate) sweet grass.they would (were)use for everything from  boobasket (fruit)to baby crators.

2008   08  p4
this morining I want to tell you about a recent scientific  discovery dealing with the relationship(relation) between plants and animals.this is about a desert shrub whose leaves can shoot (up) a string of poisonous rythm(resin) at distance of 6 feet.U think it would be safe from all attacks by insects .but a recent study has found brillant(one``````) insect ,a beatle that can choose(chew) its way to pass the plant`s defence system by cutting the main(ly) vein that delivers poison to the leaf(leaves),this vein cutting is just one method the beatles use to prepare a safe meal.another is by cutting a path all the way across the leaf,to hold the flow of chemicals.then they severily eat between the veins of poison.in the past scientist would study ant setuptations to (inset adaptation to plant defenses have) focus on chemical responses.that is how the insects can nutrilize(neutrala?) and alter poisonous sunstances plant produces.for(whats) unique about this choing(chewing其实我知道什么意思···就是不会拼) stragtegy is that the beatle is actually exhibiting a behaviour role（去掉role） response to the plant`s defences.rather than a more common chemical responses,it`s only after a beatle survives several incounters(weveral encounters) for the plant`s poison(resin) that it learn how to avoid the poison by chouing through the  resent(resin) transporting veins on the next leaf that(it) eats and thus gets itself a safe meal.however it can take a beatle an hour and a half of careful vein cutting to prepare a small leaf that takes it only a few minutes to eat.so though the method is safe ,it is not very effecient

chostleafUID: 2596731

3.23  只做了一部分····


2000 08 p5
we`re gonna start our  discussion  about poetry  in western europe with the elad and otsy.these 2 great poems stand out as great example of the earliest europe poems.they have been believed to have been written some time between 800bc and 700bc.partly because of the poetry refers to the social condition of that time.conditions that have been valuated by the archiologists.but just 2 words the poets who lay down these corner stones of western literiture.well,traditionsts describe them to a man named homer.but we know virtually nothing about this homer.that some say this poet never exist at all.that neither the  elad and nor otsy were written by a single poet.but rather each poem is a  compossitive writings of several people.this is ,anyway, a view of a school of a critics in the 17century known as the analysts.the analysts  pointed to enternal evidence such as varition in the literty devices used in a poem to argue each work wasn`t a  fact a collection of several poems by several gree```s.a pppp analyst in the second group of called the est.they insisted that elad and otsy could well have been the work of a single poet of genius .to support their argument,they stressed amount other things .the consistency of the charactor betry in the storise.this wouldn`t be possible, they said, if they were written by many different poets.now  how we look at the  honmaric question today,has been greatly influenced by someone  named paty.an amerian scolar who first presented his ideas about homor in the 1930s.so let`s take a look at pary`s research and how it affect modern days scholars think about homor


2000  10  p3
ok,sinse we`ve been discussing chemicals and we still  have s few minutes.let me tell you something about ancient greeks and what they think about chemicals.they came up with the assistant when they seems  to describe and exlpain the different motion of different material.more than 2000 years ago amstato,the ancient greek pholosopher,asume that all material on earth were made of the 4  prime substance ,earth water iron fire,under the sistant mthe earth is the densest,iron```water````fire````,the heaviest objects were made of earth and water,and light erobjects contains significant amount of fire or air .so when xxx obsevered that different matter has different substence ,he asumed that this was because different matter were composed of different amount of 4 prime substance.and xx believed that  the motions of objects could alse be explained by the basic natures of 4 prime substanse.for example,there was the basic motion of up or down.xx noticed that when he released most objects,they would drop downward.but he also knew that some would raise upward like smoke.xxx consider that object downward or upward motion to be a result of the dominant nature of the object.so according to xxx,matter like rocks were primarily composed of earth .tharefore the rock move downward the center of earth because this was where all earth rested.but fire had a different resting place--the sky.so smoke would naturally raise when they were released.beacause it was striving to its resting place


1990   05   p4

today I will be talking about the invention of the camera and photograph the camera is often thought to be a modern invention.but as early as 1727,a german physicist discovered that light darken soft sorp,a chemical compound.using as a camera,a big box with a small hole to let the light in ,he may  templary the images on the sorp,so the sorp is still the basic film today.then the french scientist made the first permernant picture by using a special piece of melt sensertised with sorp.a photograph he made in 1826 still exists.the painter dagail improved on the process by placing common sorp behind the xxx on the melt.this was in 1849,tyhe official data of the beginning of th photograph.but the problem was the printing of the photographs.and it was not  until other scientists developed the kind of paper we use today,good printing was possible and the photography became truely modern.in 1860s xxx was able to take his famous pictures of the civil war.those made xx very popular.in the 20st century,xxx of U.S simplified film developing.and xxx invented the so-called instant camera with self-developing film,if we say the photography came in to existence in 1939,the follows tha has taken more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of techical refinemen

chostleafUID: 2596731

3.30  最近实在是太忙了·······
随便补2篇了。以后会陆续补的。


2002  01  p4
today most asroners accept the notion that the group of star that make up the universe are moving farther and farther away from each other.but until farely recently this id of expanding universe was not a theory most eurpean scholars believed in.since ancient timesand up to about 70 century,most of these sholars thought the size of the universe has remained unchanged sinse the moment of its creation,or pethaps forever.with all of the stars ramaining more or less in place and  relation to each other,but that was challenged by newtons idea of gravity as a force of attraction.which contradicts the idea of  universe static unchanging ,if gravity causes all the stars out in space to attract each other as newton said ,then they couldnt remain esentially motionless,sooner or later all these stars would be falling into ones each other,then scientist proposed the new model.taking newtons theoey into account ,they didnt wand to abandon the idea of motonless stars,but for this model to work,so the stars wouldnot fall in each other ,they have to modify newtons law of gravity.so they theorized that for this consists of large those between stars ,the gravition of stars repels,rather than attracts.as you might guess ,this would lead to other contraditions ,but these were pretty well reserved in the passed century by the currently accepted theory,which says that the universe is continuely expending,you will be reading for all that in you homework tonight.



p5
on monday we talked about insects and how they gather food.today id like  to  talk about the a common garden fidu and how it captures its prey.wood around net like structure is firstly  produced 200 million years ago.i mean ,of course,a spider web.what is interesting is spay is such a delecate structure is redipart,when a fast flying insects crushes into it.and compared with the spider,these insects can be huge and really heavy.in fact,capturing a large insects in a spider web can be compared catch an airplane in a fishing net.so how can a web of soubs crush a shock without breaking? is it just because the silk-like is make up so strong? well ,xxx first analized spider web using a computer program ,one designed for crush testing cars.and they found the constructure of the web the way that tracts they toghther helps balance the stress and tention caused by the impart,and spread them all acoss the web,this stops the web from  being destoried ,and by the way,suggesss and create a new ideas that human might use and designing .the big surprise though,is the law of air resistence in coutioning the shock of collision,the computer model show that draging a tinny dreg from a spider web is a lot like polling a heavy rope through water.and since air resistence  acts on many zzz all cross the web,its  amazing effect moter many times .and this defenitely helps the web survive impart.