0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十二期——动词不定式、分词、动名词

草木也知愁UID: 2487572

汇总列表：

0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】汇总贴 & DAY I 主谓一致
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第二期——情态动词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第三期——冠词、数词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第四期——虚拟语气
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第五期——倒装
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第六期——从句
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第七期——名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第八期——代词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第九期——动词的时态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十期——连词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十一期——动词、动词语态
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十二期——动词不定式、分词、动名词
0910AW SPECTACULAR 之【SU & SY SO】第十三期——独立主格、特殊词


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                              前言
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不知道大家怎么想这个
反正从第一次接触英语开始 我就觉得这里是最boring的地方
时至今日 我看到这里还是觉得很boring
乱呼呼一堆一堆的 都要记住 烦烦烦
不过 我为了以后不为所制 还是咬牙好好看了
希望大家也可以
行百里者半九十 倒数第二期了 一定要坚持修成正果

坚持，坚持！

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                         动词不定式
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1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式
afford　 aim　appear　agree　 arrange　ask　be　decide　bother　care　choose　come　dare　demand　desire　determine　expect　elect　endeavor　hope　fail　happen　 help　hesitate　learn　long　mean　 manage　offer　ought　plan　prepare   promise　refuse　seem　 tend　 wait　wish　undertake

举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。


2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise　allow　appoint　believe　cause　challenge command　compel　consider　 declare　 drive　enable　encourage　 find　forbid　 force　guess  hire  imagine  impel 　induce  inform instruct invite  judge 　 know 　 like 　order 　 permit persuade　 remind  report request  require select　send 　 state  suppose  tell 　 think　 train 　trust  understand　urge 　 warn　

例句：

a.Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b.We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想),feel find,guess, judge,imagine,know, prove,see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered___ the first computer.
A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear,be said,be supposed, be believed,be thought,be known, be reported,hope, wish, desire,want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。


3 不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy,　difficult,　 hard,　 important,　 possible,　 impossible,　comfortable,　 necessary,　 better;
the first,　 the next,　 the last, the best,　too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind,nice, stupid,rude, clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look， appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.


4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice.(通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard.(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)


5 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.


6 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.


7 不定式作状语

1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.

3)表原因
I'm glad to see you.

典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。


8 用作介词的to


to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认，confess to承认，
be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意


9 省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。
举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。


10 动词不定式的否定式


Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2)She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A.not to see B. not seeingC. to not see

D.having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not toB. not to doC. not do it

D. do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。


11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same.不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

It's never too late to mend.(谚语)
改过不嫌晚。

3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。


12 不定式的特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2)so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。


13 不定式的特殊句型Why not


"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?


14 不定式的时态和语态

时态\语态|||||||||||||||||||| 主动||||||||||||||||||||被动
一般式||||||||||||||||||||||||to do|||||||||||||||to be done
进行式||||||||||||||||||||to be doing
完成式|||||||||||||||||| to have done||| to have been done
完成进行式|||||||||||to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.


15 动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1stop to do——stop doing

2 forget to do—— forget doing

3remember to do——remember doing

4 regret to do—— regret doing

5cease to do—— cease doing

6 try to do——try doing

7go on to do—— go on doing

8 afraid to do—— afraid doing

9interested to do——interested doing
10 mean to do—— mean doing
11 begin/ start to do—— begin/ start doing

http://news.hongen.com/news/show_34_51_1.html


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                            分词
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1 分词作定语

分词前置
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人


分词后置 (i.分词词组；ii. 个别分词如given, left； iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

典型例题

1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written



2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。

spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语 language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
2 分词作状语


As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.
-> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。
典型例题
1） _____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed
答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by （被…跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.


2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed
答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。

3） _______, liquids can be changed into gases.
A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat
答案C. 本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，…


注意： 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
(Being ) used for a long time, the book looks old.

由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.

在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。


3 连词+分词(短语)

有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.

waiting 和saw 的主语相同。

4 分词作补语


通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：

I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。

I'll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。

5 分词作表语

现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成

She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。

He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。

6 分词作插入语

其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来

Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)

7 分词的时态

1）与主语动词同时，
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。
Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。
典型例题
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案 B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。

2）先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.

=As he had finished his homework, he went out.

做完作业后，他出去了。
典型例题
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received

答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.

8 分词的语态

1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)他就是给你钱的那个人。
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那个被车拦住的人。

2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人

a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人

a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴


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                            动名词
==========================

1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1）作主语

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.

南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语　

a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认　　　appreciate 感激,赞赏　avoid 避免　　　　
complete 完成　 consider 认为　　　　 delay 耽误　　 deny 否认　　　 detest 讨厌　　　　　 endure 忍受　　　　enjoy 喜欢　escape 逃脱　　　　　 prevent阻止    fancy 想象　　　finish 完成　　　　　 imagine 想象　　 mind 介意　　　 miss 想念　　　　　　 postpone 推迟　　　　　　　 practice 训练　 recall 回忆　　　　　 resent 讨厌　　　　　 resist 抵抗　　 resume 继续　　　　　 risk 冒险     suggest 建议　　face 面对　　　　　　 include 包括　　　　stand 忍受　　　understand 理解　　　 forgive 宽恕keep 继续

举例：
(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.　　　

b. 词组后接doing
admit to　　 prefer…to　　　　　be used to　　　 lead to　　　devote oneself to　 object to　　　stick to　　 busy　　　　look forward to(to为介词）

no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as,
can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of
be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　
be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　　　
put off　 keep on　 insist on　　count on / upon
set about　 be successful in　 good at　　take up
give up　　burst out 　　prevent … from…　

3）作表语
Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.

2 worth 的用法

worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy： be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.

3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事"
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth　B.worthy　C.worth-while　D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。


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快点去洗洗睡吧。。。

小灵易碎UID: 2733622

小灵的学习笔记

语法：动词不定式

4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father .玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
there be的特殊情况，要记住。

1）不定式作目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）不定式作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。


3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。


语法：分词

6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道
strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来

Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。 (speaking 并不是dogs 的动作)


1）动名词作主语
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.
南方与北方开战了。

2）作宾语　
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认　appreciate 感激,赞赏　avoid 避免　complete 完成　 consider 认为　 delay 耽误　 deny 否认　 detest 讨厌　endure 忍受　enjoy 喜欢　escape 逃脱　prevent阻止   fancy 想象　finish 完成　imagine 想象　mind 介意 miss 想念　 postpone 推迟　practice 训练　 recall 回忆　 resent 讨厌　resist 抵抗　resume 继续　risk 冒险     suggest 建议　　face 面对　 include 包括　stand 忍受　understand 理解　 forgive 宽恕   keep 继续

举例：
(1)　Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
(2)　The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.　　　

b. 词组后接doing
admit to　　 prefer…to　　　　　be used to　　　 lead to　　　devote oneself to　 object to　　　stick to　　 busy　　　　look forward to(to为介词）

no good,　no use,　It's worth…,　 as well as,
can't help,　It's no use /good　 be tired of
be fond of　 be capable of　 be afraid of　
be proud of　 think of / about　 hold off　　　　
put off　 keep on　 insist on　　count on / upon
set about　 be successful in　 good at　　take up
give up　　burst out 　　prevent … from…　

2 worth 的用法

worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做"
The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy： be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.

3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事"
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题
It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.
A.worth　B.worthy　C.worth-while　D.worth while
答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。因此选C。

rushtosummerUID: 2735551

Rushtosummer的学习笔记（12）
动词不定式
1 不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford

aim　appear　agree　 arrange　ask　be　decide　bother　care　choose　come　dare　demand　desire　determine　expect　elect　endeavor　hope　fail　happen　 help　hesitate　learn　long　mean　 manage　offer　ought　plan　prepare   promise　refuse　seem　 tend　 wait　wish　undertake
2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise　allow　appoint　believe　cause　challenge command　compel　consider　 declare　 drive　enable　encourage　 find　forbid　 force　guess  hire  imagine  impel 　induce  inform instruct invite  judge 　 know 　 like 　order 　 permit persuade　

Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想),feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
4)there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, understand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.
注意：有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
3 不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.
easy,　difficult,　 hard,　 important,　 possible,　 impossible,　comfortable,　 necessary,　 better;
the first,　 the next,　 the last, the best,　too much, too little, not enough
2) It's very kind of you to help us.

Kind,nice, stupid,rude, clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(考虑周到的),silly, selfish(自私的)
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
4 不定式作表语
5 不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后
6 不定式作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3)表原因
7 用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认，confess to承认，be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于，be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意
8
省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice.他应该是个好人。
比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
9
不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含。意 为"不太"。
It's never too late to mend. (谚语) 改过不嫌晚。
3)当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
10
不定式的特殊句型so as to
1) 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
2)
so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
11
不定式的特殊句型Why not

"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"
12
不定式的时态和语态

时态\语态

主动                被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
完成式

to have done

to have been done
完成进行式
to have been doing
13
动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1
stop to do——stop doing
2 forget to do—— forget doing
3
remember to do——remember doing
4 regret to do—— regret doing
5
cease to do—— cease doing
6 try to do——try doing
7
go on to do—— go on doing
8 afraid to do—— afraid doing
9
interested to do——interested doing
10
mean to do—— mean doing
11
begin/ start to do—— begin/ start doing

rushtosummerUID: 2735551

分词
1 分词作定语

We can see the rising sun.
This is the question given.
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
2 分词作状语

As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.
-> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
3 连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个，如：
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
4 分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后，如：
I found my car missing.
5 分词作表语
现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行
过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成
She looked tired with cooking.
He remained standing beside the table.
6 分词作插入语
其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
talking of (speaking of) 说道

strictly speaking 严格的说
judging from 从…判断

all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
7 分词的时态

1）与主语动词同时
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
2）先于主动词
While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg.
分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out
分词的否定式的构成为not +分词
动名词
1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语
2）作宾语　
a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth
admit 承认　　　
appreciate 感激,赞赏　
avoid 避免　　　　 complete 完成　

consider 认为　　　delay 耽误　　

deny 否认　　　

detest 讨厌
endure 忍受　　　
enjoy 喜欢　
escape 逃脱　　　
prevent阻止
fancy 想象　　　
finish 完成　　　　　

imagine 想象　　

mind 介意
miss 想念　　　　
postpone 推迟　　　　　　practice 训练　

recall 回忆　　　　　 resent 讨厌　　　
resist 抵抗　　

resume 继续　　　
risk 冒险
suggest 建议　　
face 面对　　　　　　

include 包括　　　
stand 忍受
understand 理解　　forgive 宽恕
keep 继续
b. 词组后接doing
admit to, prefer…to, be used to, lead to, devote oneself to, object to, stick to, busy, look forward to(to为介词）, no good,
no use,
It's worth…,
as well as, can't help,
It's no use /good, be tired of, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, hold off, put off, keep on, insist on, count on / upon, set about, be successful in, good at, take up, give up, burst out, prevent … from…　
3）作表语
2 worth 的用法
worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.　意为"值得"。
1. worth： be worth + n.　 当名词为金钱时，表示"…… 值得……"
         
be worth doing sth.　"……某事值得被做"
2. worthy： be worthy of +n.　当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"
           be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"
3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth　 "值得做某事"
worth while： It is worth while doing sth
It is worth while sb to do sth.