美丽G程——作业3By Donna

Donna.#UID: 2707837

212 if a goal is worthy, when any means taken to attain it is justifiable.

Key words: the worth of a goal
any means
justifiable

总论点： not every means taken to attain it is justifiable.

1Goals of worthy deserve people spare no effort to attain it. Even if sacrifice one’s own life. 例子：

2However, the view that we should do best to achieve our “worthy” goals does not means that any means taken to attain it is justifiable. I mean, we must ensure such means comply with the law at least. 例子：商人挣钱要不欺诈。公平竞争，才能形成良性的自由市场，这样生意才长远。

3 Moreover, we should also take moral standard into account. Not only the benefits of ourselves, but also the whole communities，meanwhile in the long run. 例子: 国家发展经济，提高GDP不要只是看眼前的利益，要考虑环境的成本与代价。科学家要实现自己的科研目标，克隆人备受争议。

Worthy goals deserve our efforts to pursue for. But does that mean any means taken to attain it is justifiable? In my view, means we use should comply with laws, as well as not be beyond the moral standards so that goals should be just called worthy.

As we know, we always hear about the words told to us when we meet with difficulties on the road of achieving goals that you should spare no effort to your goals no matter whether you succeed or not eventually. In some degree, those efforts are undeniable, meanwhile independent during the development of human race. I can hardly imagine what a desperate and recessional world would be if all people just wait for their goals coming to knock on.

However, the efforts and means really make sense when acting on the premise of complying with the law at least. The maximum of bonus is the permanent goal for all business men. Common sense tells me that turning a blind eye to the law and merely focusing on bonus would not only damage other companies’ benefits, but also make an obstacle for themselves. Cheating in business realm cannot bring about additional benefits in the long run. As a consequence, according to the law, the goal of large margin bonus would achieve under effective protection and equality.

Asides from the law, moral standards should be taken into account. Moral has a great influence on the stability of society. Therefore, the means achieving goals of worthy beyond moral baseline do harm to the whole society. For example, the goals for genetic scientists who are willing to create clone stem cells of human race would definitely result to ethic problems if such goals come true in the future. It is apparent that scientists merely want to utilize this technology to create new organs attributed to the host in order to prevent the discarding mechanism of human immune system rather than to create a human being the same as the host. Yet they overlook the means during the experiments posing a great threat to our traditional ethic and normal society.

To sum up, the view of achieving goals with great endeavor is worthy only can we pay enough attention to the means taken to pursue goals. If not, the goal we achieve would last long and make sense for more people and soon ruined in the highly improved civilization.

48. The following appeared in a newspaper article published in the country of Corpora.
“Twenty years ago, one half of all citizens in Corpora met the standards for adequate physical fitness as then defined by the national advisory board on physical fitness. Today, the board says that only one quarter of all citizens are adequately fit and suggests that spending too much time using computers may be the reason. But since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest, it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit. Instead, as shown by this year’s unusually low expenditures on fitness-related products and services, the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause, and fitness levels will improve when the economy does.”
逻辑错误：
1充分性不足，就几个地区不充分。
2 computer ownership ≠ computer using
3 fitness-related products 消费下降与physical fit下降没有必然关系。

Alternative factors and counterexample:
1不能排除电脑的原因。A成立不足≠＞not A。其他地区没说

2并且computer ownership 高不代表大家用的就多，很可能使用时间远低于他处。
3在保健用品上的消费下降，不一定就说明经济影响了健康，其他原因：民众对健康的态度和认识发生变化，生活环境发生变化。

In this argument, the author asserts that economy is responsible for the decreasing fitness level which would improve as the economy does. In order to bolster his assertion, the author cites that the regions with high level of computer ownership also enjoy better fitness and that this year people spend less money on fitness-related products and services caused by the decline in economy. However, the assertion is dubious on several grounds.

In the first place, the author treats a lack of proof that too much using of computer results in less physical fit as a constituting sufficient proof that it is not the case. The author overlooks fitness conditions of other regions of citizens in Corpora which must be surveyed before making further conclusions. Perhaps, these high computer ownership citizens surveyed is aberrant compared with majority condition that the higher computer ownership, the lower fitness level. Without ruling out these possibilities, the author cannot convince me that using computers has not made citizens less physical fit.

In the second place, the author falsely equates computer using with computer ownership. It is entirely possible that citizens seldom use computers although they have a high level of computer ownership. Then the side impact on fitness caused by computer overusing would be too little to reflect the real function contributing to physical fit. If so, it would undermine the evidence cited as a clear example to support the author’s conclusion.

In the third place, granted that using computer has little relationship with declining physical fit, the assertion that economy would most likely the cause is suspicious at best. The fact that people spend less money on fitness products and service does not mean that their fitness level would definitely decline for the sake of economy depression. Chances that environmental damage and pollution play a critic role in this case would appear in a large rate. Common sense tells me that pollutions, such as air, water, soil and so forth, with the global revolutionizing of industry impair health. As a consequence, lacking of analyses of other possible factors which may cause the declining of fitness, we cannot accept the author’s assertion.

To sum up, the argument is doubtful in itself. In order to better evaluate, the author should provide sufficient evidence about the relationship between overall level of using computer and physical fitness level, as well as ruling out other factors. What’s more, I also need to know the specific information about how often citizens use computer in the regions with high computer ownership.